Journal of Behavioral Decision Making最新文献_第7页

The assessment of affective decision-making: Exploring alternative scoring methods for the Balloon Analog Risk Task and Columbia Card Task 情感决策评估：探索气球模拟风险任务和哥伦比亚卡片任务的替代计分方法

IF 2 3区心理学

Journal of Behavioral Decision Making Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.1002/bdm.2367

Stjepan Sambol, Emra Suleyman, Michelle Ball

{"title":"The assessment of affective decision-making: Exploring alternative scoring methods for the Balloon Analog Risk Task and Columbia Card Task","authors":"Stjepan Sambol, Emra Suleyman, Michelle Ball","doi":"10.1002/bdm.2367","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bdm.2367","url":null,"abstract":"Affective decision-making (ADM) is recognized as the ability to effectively reappraise stimuli during these decisions to make choices that maximize long-term outcomes. Currently, the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) is the gold-standard measure of ADM. Previous research has shown that other commonly used decision-making tasks such as the Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART) and Columbia Card Task (CCT) are unrelated to the IGT and may assess distinct decision-making constructs from ADM. Yet the exact decision-making constructs that these tasks assess may be dependent on the scoring method utilized. One-hundred and eight-four participants (18–58 years; M = 26.29, SD = 7.79) completed the IGT, BART, and CCT. The relationships between these tasks while utilizing both traditional and novel scoring methods for the BART and CCT were investigated. Results showed that whether using the novel or traditional scoring methods, the BART failed to produce any meaningful relationships with the IGT or CCT. The BART may capture unique decision-making processes involved during conditions of uncertainty, whereas the other tasks involve decision-making processes under conditions of known risk. Alternatively, the lack of meaningful relationships may be due to the stochastic design of the BART. Conversely, the novel and traditional scoring methods for the CCT, which were not significantly correlated with each other, were both related to the IGT. Ultimately, this study showed that the CCT can capture different decision-making constructs depending on the scoring methods used. The traditional scoring method, the total number of cards flipped, assesses risk propensity, whereas the newly developed optimal–suboptimal difference score assesses ADM.","PeriodicalId":48112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Decision Making","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bdm.2367","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139030135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Can you change my generosity towards future others? The impact of observability on intertemporal pro-social decisions 你能改变我对未来他人的慷慨吗?可观察性对跨期亲社会决策的影响

IF 2 3区心理学

Journal of Behavioral Decision Making Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.1002/bdm.2365

Mei Hong, Dapeng Liang, Teng Lu

{"title":"Can you change my generosity towards future others? The impact of observability on intertemporal pro-social decisions","authors":"Mei Hong, Dapeng Liang, Teng Lu","doi":"10.1002/bdm.2365","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bdm.2365","url":null,"abstract":"Research has demonstrated that delays in realizing pro-social decisions significantly influence pro-social choices. However, the impact of time delay may vary by context. A key contextual factor is decision observability (i.e., the visibility of one's decision to others). Using a dictator game task with delayed rewards, the current study examined the effects of observability on intertemporal pro-social choices. Subjects were randomly assigned to either an Anonymous group, where payment was private, or an Observable group, involving public payment. They had to decide between the selfish option (which only benefited the subject) and the generous option (sharing money with another person in a specific delay condition). Our data revealed that subjects were less eager to forgo money when time delay increased and showed more selfishness toward specific people, independent of decision observability. This pattern was aligned with a hyperbolic discounting model. Notably, observability mitigated the impact of time delay; subjects were more inclined to donate to temporally distant individuals when their decisions were observable instead of anonymous. In addition, we discuss the practical implications of observability for designing intertemporal donation appeals.","PeriodicalId":48112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Decision Making","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138520288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Probability and confidence: How to improve communication of uncertainty about uncertainty in intelligence analysis 概率与置信度:如何提高情报分析中不确定性的沟通

IF 2 3区心理学

Journal of Behavioral Decision Making Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1002/bdm.2364

Misty C. Duke

{"title":"Probability and confidence: How to improve communication of uncertainty about uncertainty in intelligence analysis","authors":"Misty C. Duke","doi":"10.1002/bdm.2364","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bdm.2364","url":null,"abstract":"Intelligence agencies communicate uncertainty to decision-makers through verbal probability phrases that correspond to numerical ranges (i.e., probability lexicons) and ordinal levels of confidence. However, decision-makers may misinterpret the relationship between these concepts and form inappropriate interpretations of intelligence analysts' uncertainty. In two experiments, four ways of conveying second-order probability to decision-makers were compared: (a) probability and confidence phrases written in the text of a report, (b) the addition of a probability lexicon, (c) the addition of a probability lexicon that varied numerical ranges according to the level of confidence (i.e., revised lexicon), and (d) a probability phrase written in text followed by a numerical range that varied according to the level of confidence. The revised lexicon was expected to improve interpretations of second-order probability. The 275 participants in Experiment 1 and 796 participants in Experiment 2 provided numerical estimates corresponding to analytic judgments provided in descriptions about three overseas military operations and also indicated their support for approving or delaying the operations. The results demonstrated that providing the numerical range in the text of the report or providing a probability lexicon, improved interpretations of probability phrases above the verbal phrase-only condition, but not interpretations of confidence. Participants were unable to correctly interpret confidence with respect to the precision of their estimate intervals and their decisions about the operations. However, in Experiments 2 and 3 the effects on these variables of providing decision-makers with information about the source of the analyst's uncertainty were examined. In Experiment 3 (n = 510), providing this information improved correspondence between confidence level and approval of the operation. Recommendations are provided regarding additional methods of improving decision-makers' interpretation of second-order probability conveyed in intelligence reporting.","PeriodicalId":48112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Decision Making","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138520287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Do people desire optimism from others during a novel global crisis? 在一场新的全球危机中，人们希望别人乐观吗?

IF 2 3区心理学

Journal of Behavioral Decision Making Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.1002/bdm.2362

Jane E. Miller, Jeremy D. Strueder, Inkyung Park, Paul D. Windschitl

引用次数: 0

The effect of state and trait power on financial risk taking: The mediating and moderating roles of focus on rewards versus threats 国家权力与特质权力对金融风险承担的影响:奖励与威胁的中介与调节作用

IF 2 3区心理学

Journal of Behavioral Decision Making Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.1002/bdm.2363

Katarzyna Sekścińska, Diana Jaworska, Joanna Rudzinska-Wojciechowska

{"title":"The effect of state and trait power on financial risk taking: The mediating and moderating roles of focus on rewards versus threats","authors":"Katarzyna Sekścińska, Diana Jaworska, Joanna Rudzinska-Wojciechowska","doi":"10.1002/bdm.2363","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bdm.2363","url":null,"abstract":"Correlates of power remain understudied in the context of financial risk taking. This project aimed to investigate the role of focus on rewards versus threats in explaining the relationship between power and risky financial choices across three studies (N1 = 326, N2 = 397, N3 = 223). Study 1 analyzed the mediating role of focus on rewards versus threats and financial risk perception in the relationship between sense of power and risky financial choices. The results indicated that a greater sense of power translates into a greater general focus on rewards, which, in turn, leads to lower investment and gambling risk perception and results in riskier financial choices. Study 2 investigated the role of states of power and lack of power in explaining people's financial decisions as well as their influence on people's situational focus on rewards versus threats. We demonstrated that the state of power plays a significant role in explaining the situational focus on rewards versus threats, situational risk perception, and risky investment and gambling choices. Study 3 tested the single and joint moderating effects of the state of focus on rewards versus threats and the state of power in explaining the positive relationship between the sense of power and risky investing and gambling choices. In line with our main hypothesis, the obtained results showed a significant three-way interaction among sense of power, state of power, and state of focus on rewards versus threats, both in terms of investment and gambling choices.","PeriodicalId":48112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Decision Making","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138520286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preference for quicker offers: The critical roles of temporal reference points and evaluation mode 对快速报价的偏好：时间参照点和评估模式的关键作用

IF 2 3区心理学

Journal of Behavioral Decision Making Pub Date : 2023-10-23 DOI: 10.1002/bdm.2361

Chao Lei, Pengcheng Zhang, Lance Gregory, Haijiang Wang, Guoxuan Wang, Gerald Häubl

{"title":"Preference for quicker offers: The critical roles of temporal reference points and evaluation mode","authors":"Chao Lei, Pengcheng Zhang, Lance Gregory, Haijiang Wang, Guoxuan Wang, Gerald Häubl","doi":"10.1002/bdm.2361","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bdm.2361","url":null,"abstract":"People may use the amount of time it takes someone else to reach a particular decision as input that informs their thoughts and feelings about that decision. Building on prior work suggesting that people are more inclined to accept offers that are extended more rapidly, the current research shows that this preference for quicker offers depends critically on whether offers are considered simultaneously along with other offers or individually (i.e., joint vs. separate evaluation mode), as well as on the presence and nature of explicit temporal reference points in joint evaluation mode. We theorize that the preference for quicker offers is limited to settings where (1) multiple offers are considered simultaneously and (2) the amount of time it took for these offers to be made exceeds a salient temporal reference point. This implies that the effect should not be observed when multiple offers are considered that were not all generated more slowly than an explicit temporal reference point, or when offers are considered one at a time. Evidence from seven studies provides support for this theorizing. The findings advance our understanding of the nuanced ways in which the amount of time taken to extend offers affects how people interpret, draw inferences from, and respond to these offers.","PeriodicalId":48112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Decision Making","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135413758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impatience for information: Curiosity is here today, gone tomorrow 对信息的不耐烦：好奇心今天在这里，明天就会消失

IF 2 3区心理学

Journal of Behavioral Decision Making Pub Date : 2023-10-21 DOI: 10.1002/bdm.2360

Andras Molnar, Russell Golman

{"title":"Impatience for information: Curiosity is here today, gone tomorrow","authors":"Andras Molnar, Russell Golman","doi":"10.1002/bdm.2360","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bdm.2360","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the curiosity-as-drive theory and the theory of information gaps, we argue that curiosity—that is, the desire to seek out novel information for its own sake—is highly transient, and while people may be tempted by immediate answers, they may be less motivated when they need to wait for information. Contrary to standard economic models, we predict an immediacy effect (or present bias) for information even in those cases when waiting does not affect the objective value of information. Furthermore, we argue that this immediacy effect is independent from motivated emotion-management; that is, introducing delays makes people less willing to obtain information for its own sake even when information does not elicit strong anticipatory feelings. We test these hypotheses in two pre-registered experiments (N = 2406) featuring real effort and monetary incentives and find that introducing a delay in information provision significantly reduces participants' willingness to obtain information. In Study 1, we also show that people display a stronger immediacy effect for information than for monetary rewards. In Study 2, we demonstrate that people are impatient for information regardless of how they expect to feel after receiving the information, and even when the perceived instrumental value of information remains unaffected by the delay. The strong impatience for information in both studies is consistent with the notion that curiosity acts as a drive, and as such, is highly transient.","PeriodicalId":48112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Decision Making","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bdm.2360","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135511447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Future–present relationship insensitivity: A new perspective on psychological myopia and psychological hyperopia 未来-现在关系不敏感：心理近视和心理远视的新视角

IF 2 3区心理学

Journal of Behavioral Decision Making Pub Date : 2023-10-15 DOI: 10.1002/bdm.2358

Sarah Wei, Christopher K. Hsee

{"title":"Future–present relationship insensitivity: A new perspective on psychological myopia and psychological hyperopia","authors":"Sarah Wei, Christopher K. Hsee","doi":"10.1002/bdm.2358","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bdm.2358","url":null,"abstract":"How much joy versus pain people choose to experience for the present often inversely affects how much joy versus pain they will experience in the future. Do people make choices that maximize their overall happiness? Prior research suggests that people are generally myopic (i.e., over-choosing joy for the present). We suggest that the prior research may have biasedly focused only on situations in which the future is more important than the present. Rather, people are generally insufficiently sensitive to the relative importance of the present versus the future. When the future is more important than the present, people over-choose joy for the present, thus appearing myopic, but when the future is less important than the present, people under-choose joy for the present, thus appearing hyperopic. Six experiments (along with a reason-exploration study) demonstrate our propositions and show that forcing or nudging people to choose less (more) joy for the present when the future is more (less) important increases their overall happiness. This research challenges the popular view that people are generally myopic, and supports emerging research showing that people are generally situation-insensitive and can exhibit seemingly opposite biases (e.g., myopia and hyperopia) in different situations.","PeriodicalId":48112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Decision Making","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bdm.2358","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136184640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Numerical cognitive reflection, but not verbal cognitive reflection, moderates the association between trait anxiety and affective decision-making 数字认知反思（而非语言认知反思）可调节特质焦虑与情感决策之间的关系

IF 2 3区心理学

Journal of Behavioral Decision Making Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.1002/bdm.2359

Danfeng Li, Jianming Wang, Man Ao

{"title":"Numerical cognitive reflection, but not verbal cognitive reflection, moderates the association between trait anxiety and affective decision-making","authors":"Danfeng Li, Jianming Wang, Man Ao","doi":"10.1002/bdm.2359","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bdm.2359","url":null,"abstract":"Affective decision-making is a decision process with significant and strong emotional consequences marked by meaningful rewards and losses. Previous studies found inconsistent results regarding whether trait anxiety hinders affective decision-making. Also, previous studies also proved that people with lower cognitive reflection were less likely to exhibit better performance in decision-making when compared with higher cognition reflection individuals. Using the risk-as-feeling hypothesis, which explicitly postulates an interaction between cognitive and affective processes in people's decision-making, we explore whether cognitive reflection moderates the relationship between trait anxiety and affective decision-making. Participants (N = 261) completed the standardized version of the Iowa Gambling Task, which is widely used to assess affective decision-making, Trait Anxiety Inventory, numerical cognitive reflection test (numerical CRT), and verbal cognitive reflection test (CRT-V). The results showed that cognitive reflection measured by the numerical CRT rather than the CRT-V moderated the relationship between trait anxiety and affective decision-making. Specifically, individuals with lower cognitive reflection exhibited a negative association between trait anxiety and affective decision-making, whereas individuals with higher cognitive reflection did not exhibit a relationship between trait anxiety and cognitive reflection. The present study helps to explain how cognitive reflection and trait anxiety interact in affective decision-making and provides guidance targeting individuals with higher trait anxiety to improve their numerical cognitive reflection ability and better address their affective decision-making.","PeriodicalId":48112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Decision Making","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136014296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of language and emotional intelligence in judgments of real-life social and moral transgressions among Greek, Hungarian, and British users of English 语言和情商在希腊、匈牙利和英国英语使用者对现实生活中的社会和道德违规行为的判断中的作用

IF 2 3区心理学

Journal of Behavioral Decision Making Pub Date : 2023-10-09 DOI: 10.1002/bdm.2356

Jean-Marc Dewaele, Irini Mavrou, Andreas Kyriakou, Pernelle Lorette

{"title":"The role of language and emotional intelligence in judgments of real-life social and moral transgressions among Greek, Hungarian, and British users of English","authors":"Jean-Marc Dewaele, Irini Mavrou, Andreas Kyriakou, Pernelle Lorette","doi":"10.1002/bdm.2356","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bdm.2356","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research suggests that people are more prone to commit moral transgressions when they face moral dilemmas in a second language (LX) as opposed to their first language(s) (L1). This study investigated the influence of language, emotional intelligence, and the degree of severity of real moral transgressions on bilinguals' judgments of offense seriousness, the intensity of the emotions they experienced, and the punishments they proposed for the perpetrators. To this end, 256 British L1 users, 209 Greek–English bilinguals, and 187 Hungarian–English bilinguals watched four videos presenting moral transgressions of mild and extreme severity. Data were analyzed by means of robust linear mixed-effects models and moderated mediation analyses. For the extreme severity videos, the results revealed strong correlations between offensiveness, emotionality ratings, and proposed punishments for the perpetrators. However, the Greek and the Hungarian participants who watched the videos in their LX English reported lower offensiveness and emotionality ratings and less harsh punishments for the perpetrators than they did in their L1 (Greek and Hungarian, respectively). Furthermore, the role of language in the proposed punishments for the perpetrators was mediated by emotional intensity, but only for the extreme severity stimuli. The results also suggest that higher levels of emotional intelligence are linked with tougher judgments of offense seriousness and stronger emotions when watching real moral transgressions. These findings highlight that the moral foreign language effect does not only exist in the hypothetical moral realm but affects perceptions of offensiveness and emotionality and decisions for the future of perpetrators in real-life situations.","PeriodicalId":48112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Decision Making","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bdm.2356","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135146816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0