Journal of Behavioral Decision Making最新文献_第3页

When Half Is at Least 50%: Effect of “Framing” and Probability Level on Frequency Estimates 当一半至少是 50%时：框架 "和概率水平对频率估计的影响

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Journal of Behavioral Decision Making Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1002/bdm.2399

David R. Mandel, Megan Kelly

{"title":"When Half Is at Least 50%: Effect of “Framing” and Probability Level on Frequency Estimates","authors":"David R. Mandel, Megan Kelly","doi":"10.1002/bdm.2399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.2399","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Expert judgment often involves estimating magnitudes, such as the frequency of deaths due to a pandemic. Three experiments (<i>N</i>s = 902, 431, and 755, respectively) were conducted to examine the effect of outcome framing (e.g., <i>half</i> of a threatened group expected to survive vs. die), probability level (low vs. high), and probability format (verbal, numeric, or combined) on the estimated frequency of survivals/deaths. Each experiment found an interactive effect of frame and probability level, which supported the hypothesis that forecasted outcomes received by participants were implicitly quantified as lower bounds (i.e., “<i>at least</i> half”). Responding in a manner consistent with a lower-bound “at least” interpretation was unrelated to incoherence (Experiments 1 and 2) and positively related to numeracy (Experiments 1 and 3), verbal reasoning (Experiment 3), and actively open-minded thinking (Experiments 2 and 3). The correlational results indicate that implicit lower bounding is an aspect of linguistic inference and not a cognitive error. Implications for research on framing effects are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":48112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Decision Making","volume":"37 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bdm.2399","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141584022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Episodic Future Thinking Only Reduces Delay Discounting When Future Events Involve the Self 只有当未来事件涉及自我时，偶发未来思维才会减少延迟贴现

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Journal of Behavioral Decision Making Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.1002/bdm.2397

Rebecca A. Olsen, Anne C. Macaskill, Maree J. Hunt

{"title":"Episodic Future Thinking Only Reduces Delay Discounting When Future Events Involve the Self","authors":"Rebecca A. Olsen, Anne C. Macaskill, Maree J. Hunt","doi":"10.1002/bdm.2397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.2397","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Vividly imagining personally relevant, future episodes (episodic future thinking) reduces delay discounting, with potential to provide many applied benefits. It is not clear whether the events imagined must involve the self, or whether vividly imagining future events that will happen to another person would also reduce delay discounting. In the current study, two groups of students wrote about future events, we then cued them to vividly imagine these future events while making delay-amount trade-off decisions (e.g., <i>would you choose $500 now or $1000 in one year?</i>). One group imagined future events happening to themselves, and another group to a specific person they knew. We compared discounting to a control condition where participants were simply instructed to “choose.” Only the group that imagined personally relevant, future events demonstrated reduced delay discounting. This suggests that episodic future thinking more effectively reduces delay discounting when future events happen to the self rather than another person. The group that imagined personally relevant future events were not more able to report the experimental hypotheses suggesting that this difference was not primarily driven by demand characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":48112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Decision Making","volume":"37 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bdm.2397","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Money Versus Time: The Effects of Social Media Exclusion on Mental Construal and Donation Behaviors 金钱与时间：社交媒体排斥对心理构想和捐赠行为的影响

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Journal of Behavioral Decision Making Pub Date : 2024-06-23 DOI: 10.1002/bdm.2396

Dajun Li, Nan Zhang, Huihui Li

{"title":"Money Versus Time: The Effects of Social Media Exclusion on Mental Construal and Donation Behaviors","authors":"Dajun Li, Nan Zhang, Huihui Li","doi":"10.1002/bdm.2396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.2396","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The development of social media platforms has ushered in a new era in which online media interactions, such as Facebook and Twitter, have largely supplanted traditional means of interpersonal interaction. This has resulted in problems such as cyberbullying and social exclusion. Previous research has indicated that people who feel socially excluded react more positively to altruistic behaviors, which could effectively restore connection and happiness from the exclusion. This study investigates two distinct types of social media exclusion (being rejected vs. being ignored) to determine their subsequent donation preferences (money vs. time). In three substudies, this study explores donation behaviors and demonstrates that people who feel socially rejected (ignored) react more positively to the donation of money (time). Study 1 reveals that being rejected (ignored) by social media leads people to form low (high)-level mental construals, resulting in preferences for the donation of money (time). Study 2 examines how matching the exclusion type with the abstractness of appeals (abstract vs. concrete) affects donation preference. Similarly, Study 3 demonstrates the matching effects of exclusion type and the temporal distance of appeals (current vs. future) on subsequent charitable behaviors. Charitable fundraisers are advised to align their charitable appeals with people's construal levels to help these excluded media users not only reconnect their belonging with the community but also recover their happiness after the exclusion experiences.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Decision Making","volume":"37 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141488647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Framing the Default Option Right 正确界定默认选项

IF 2 3区心理学

Journal of Behavioral Decision Making Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1002/bdm.2395

Luc Meunier, Yashar Bashirzadeh, Sima Ohadi

{"title":"Framing the Default Option Right","authors":"Luc Meunier, Yashar Bashirzadeh, Sima Ohadi","doi":"10.1002/bdm.2395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.2395","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Defaults are powerful nudges to shape individuals' behavior: In three experiments, including a large experiment using representative samples from five European countries (<i>n</i> = 4207), we show that they can significantly affect risk-taking by medium to large effect sizes. We also show that implementing a default nudge leads to a lower rating of the advice delivered by the wealth manager compared to no default, an effect that has a medium to large effect size. In addition, defaults the targeted individuals refuse result in lower advice ratings. These side effects call for caution before applying nudges and individualized defaults rather than a one-size-fits-all approach. Additionally, we find evidence pointing to two small effects of framing in default presentation. First, asking how much individuals want to invest in the risky asset emphasizes risk. It reduces investment in the risky asset compared to asking them how much they want to leave on the safe account, particularly for more risk-averse individuals. Second, asking individuals if they want to change a default allocation of 100% in the risky asset leads to more investment in the risky asset than asking them whether they accept such an allocation. Perceived wealth manager honesty appears to mediate the relationship between the default nudge and the rating of the advice.</p>","PeriodicalId":48112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Decision Making","volume":"37 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bdm.2395","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141286860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Choice Repetition Bias in Intertemporal Choice: An Eye-Tracking Study 时际选择中的选择重复偏差：眼动追踪研究

IF 2 3区心理学

Journal of Behavioral Decision Making Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.1002/bdm.2388

Ulrike Senftleben, Martin Schoemann, Stefan Scherbaum

{"title":"Choice Repetition Bias in Intertemporal Choice: An Eye-Tracking Study","authors":"Ulrike Senftleben, Martin Schoemann, Stefan Scherbaum","doi":"10.1002/bdm.2388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.2388","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Intertemporal choices (i.e., the choice between a sooner available but smaller reward and a later available but larger reward) were initially thought to reflect stable preferences for immediate or delayed rewards. However, recently, it has been shown that intertemporal choices are influenced by factors such as context variables and attentional processes. Here, we investigate if another factor, the choice repetition bias, affects decision making and attentional processes in intertemporal choice. The choice repetition bias is characterized by the tendency to repeat previous choices and to be slower when switching to an alternative choice. In a series of two experiments (including a preregistered, eye-tracking study), we find that the choice repetition bias exists in intertemporal choice. We also find tentative support for an early attentional bias towards the favored attribute dimension of the previous choice; however, this effect disappears when taking the whole decision process into account. This finding raises interesting questions about the cognitive processes underlying the choice repetition bias. In addition, we successfully replicate other attentional effects from the intertemporal choice literature (e.g., more fixations on monetary dimension, gaze cascade effect).</p>","PeriodicalId":48112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Decision Making","volume":"37 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bdm.2388","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141085079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ambiguity Preference in Waiting Time: Investigating the Desirability Effect and the Interplay of Temporal Description, Outcome Category, and Evaluation Mode 等待时间中的模糊偏好：研究可取性效应以及时间描述、结果类别和评价模式的相互作用

IF 2 3区心理学

Journal of Behavioral Decision Making Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.1002/bdm.2389

Ping Xu, Jiuqing Cheng, Xianyue Shang, Zhixian Jin

{"title":"Ambiguity Preference in Waiting Time: Investigating the Desirability Effect and the Interplay of Temporal Description, Outcome Category, and Evaluation Mode","authors":"Ping Xu, Jiuqing Cheng, Xianyue Shang, Zhixian Jin","doi":"10.1002/bdm.2389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.2389","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>People often experience uncertain waiting times, like when awaiting job interview decisions. Despite its prevalence, the preference for waiting time-ambiguity has received limited research attention. Drawing on the information gap theory, which suggests ambiguity avoidance is influenced by the affective response to the missing information caused by uncertainty, this work examined the effect of outcome desirability on ambiguity preference in the context of waiting time. Across five studies in China and the United States, this work observed that people strongly dislike unknown waiting time for undesirable outcomes compared with desirable outcomes. This effect held true in both rating tasks and choice tasks. Furthermore, this study explores factors influencing this desirability effect. Using calendar dates instead of waiting time units and evaluating the options separately rather than jointly, reduced the impact of outcome desirability on ambiguity preference. Additionally, this desirability affect was more pronounced for utilitarian than hedonic outcomes. Altogether, these findings highlight the role of outcome desirability, temporal description, and evaluation mode in shaping individuals' preference for ambiguity in the domain of waiting time.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Decision Making","volume":"37 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140952970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction to “The Categorization of Continuous Attributes” 对 "连续属性的分类 "的更正

IF 2 3区心理学

Journal of Behavioral Decision Making Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.1002/bdm.2387

引用次数: 0

Exploring the Impact of Decoys on Decision-Making by Young Children 探索诱饵对幼儿决策的影响

IF 2 3区心理学

Journal of Behavioral Decision Making Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.1002/bdm.2385

Audrey E. Parrish, Jillian Dawes, Hannah L. Thompson

{"title":"Exploring the Impact of Decoys on Decision-Making by Young Children","authors":"Audrey E. Parrish, Jillian Dawes, Hannah L. Thompson","doi":"10.1002/bdm.2385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.2385","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The asymmetric dominance effect (or decoy effect) is a decision-making phenomenon that occurs when preference for a target alternative shifts with the addition of a similar, yet inferior alternative dubbed the decoy. Despite the considerable number of studies examining the decoy effect with adult humans and animals, there is comparatively less research on context effects within the developmental domain. In this study, we explored the impact of a decoy on choice behavior by young children (3–9 years old) using a preferential choice task as well as a perceptual discrimination task. Introduction of an inferior decoy impacted choice behavior across 2-alternative (binary) versus 3-alternative (trinary) sets, such that inclusion of the dominated decoy in expanded sets decreased selection of the superior target alternative. This pattern of results indicates a reversal of the standard attraction effect, also known as the repulsion effect. We discuss these findings in light of the adult and comparative literatures on decoy effects as well as call for additional developmental studies exploring the impact of inferior alternatives in multialternative decision-making.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Decision Making","volume":"37 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140895301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Proud to Be Dishonest: Emotional Consequences of Altruistic Versus Egoistic Dishonesty 以不诚实为荣：利他主义与利己主义不诚实的情感后果

IF 2 3区心理学

Journal of Behavioral Decision Making Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/bdm.2386

Shaked Shuster, Tal Eyal, Shahar Ayal, Simone Moran

{"title":"Proud to Be Dishonest: Emotional Consequences of Altruistic Versus Egoistic Dishonesty","authors":"Shaked Shuster, Tal Eyal, Shahar Ayal, Simone Moran","doi":"10.1002/bdm.2386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.2386","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We explore and demonstrate the anticipated and actual emotions that are experienced by individuals who engage in dishonest behaviors that benefit others (altruistic dishonesty) versus the self (egoistic dishonesty), and primarily focus on the positive emotion of pride. Across three preregistered experiments (one scenario experiment and two incentivized behavioral ones), we found that engaging in altruistic dishonesty was not only more prevalent than egoistic dishonesty but also evoked more pride and less guilt and shame. Interestingly, the increase in pride and decrease in guilt and shame when cheating solely for the benefit of others were attenuated when participants cheated for the benefit of both others and themselves. These findings shed further light on the emotional processes involved in dishonesty and highlight the understudied role of pride. The positive association between engaging in altruistic dishonesty and pride may explain the relatively high rates of altruistic dishonesty observed in the current and previous studies, as it suggests that having an altruistic justification may not only enable cheaters to maintain a clear conscience but also even boost how they feel about themselves.</p>","PeriodicalId":48112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Decision Making","volume":"37 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bdm.2386","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140818867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Categorization of Continuous Attributes 连续属性的分类

IF 2 3区心理学

Journal of Behavioral Decision Making Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1002/bdm.2383

Yusu Wang

{"title":"The Categorization of Continuous Attributes","authors":"Yusu Wang","doi":"10.1002/bdm.2383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.2383","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A continuous attribute (e.g., calorie count) can be classified into separate categories (e.g., high vs. low), and a similar attribute value can fall into different categories depending on where the category boundaries are drawn. This research explores the effect of categorization on judgments of options (e.g., products and incentive-compatible games) with continuous attributes. I predict and find a systematic preference shift between two options that were presented with different categorization criteria: When two options involve a tradeoff between two continuous attributes, people tend to prefer the option with both attributes classified into the favorable categories given the categorization criteria. I further show that this effect is driven by larger perceived differences between attribute values across category boundaries and is moderated by people's tendency to rely on category information. Overall, this effect holds even when people are highly familiar with the attributes and feel confident to make similarity evaluations, when people are cued that the categories provide little informational value, and when people are incentivized to make deliberate decisions. The findings in this research carry both theoretical and practical implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":48112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Decision Making","volume":"37 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bdm.2383","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140619750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0