Journal of Behavioral Decision Making最新文献

{"title":"The Effects of “Time” and “Probability” Formats on Risk Perception and Decision-Making About Long-Term Hazards","authors":"Yan-Tong Jiao,&nbsp;Hong-Zhi Liu,&nbsp;Yan Liang,&nbsp;Zi-Han Wei","doi":"10.1002/bdm.70072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For long-term hazards, the likelihood of a hazardous event can be communicated in the format of the probability of occurrence per unit time (probability-based, e.g., a flood with a 1% chance of occurring annually) or the average time of risk occurrence (time-based, e.g., a 100-year flood). This study investigates how the two presentation formats influence risk perception and related behavior in long-term hazard scenarios, such as typhoons, healthcare, high-risk occupations, and investments, and further examines the moderating role of probability magnitude. First, we demonstrated that at an extremely low probability level, time-based formats reduced perceived risk and protective tendency compared to probability-based formats (Studies 1 and 2). However, as probability increased to a moderately low level, this effect diminished and then reversed, such that time-based formats increased risk perception and protective tendency compared to probability-based formats (Study 2). The difference between the two formats diminished again when probabilities reached the moderate-to-high range and moved toward 50% (Studies 1 and 2). Second, we revealed that presentation formats also influenced perceived risk differences between options (Study 3) and altered individuals' risk preference between options (Studies 3, 4a, and 4b), with these effects also moderated by probability magnitude. For lower probability events, time-based formats amplified perceived risk differences between options, promoting preferences for options with lower loss-probabilities, whereas for higher probability events, this effect weakened and eventually reversed. The findings contribute to related theory by identifying probability magnitude as a key boundary condition under which time-based and probability-based formats have different influences on risk perception and behavior. Practically, the results offer implications for risk communication in long-term hazard contexts, indicating how to choose between time-based and probability-based formats according to the size of the probability and the intended persuasive purpose.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Decision Making","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147568756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anchoring Bias in the Tradeoff Procedure Within Multi-Attribute Value Theory","authors":"Geqie Sun,&nbsp;Maarten Kroesen,&nbsp;Jafar Rezaei","doi":"10.1002/bdm.70069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.70069","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Eliciting the weights of attributes is a key step in multi-attribute decision-making methods. The weights usually represent the relative importance of the attributes or the tradeoffs among them in forming a decision. Various weight elicitation methods exist, each based on different assumptions and procedures. Still, many of these methods do not explicitly account for the potential influence of cognitive biases in their design. This study examines the anchoring bias, a well-known cognitive bias, in the weight elicitation step (the Tradeoff procedure) of multi-attribute value theory (MAVT). We developed the following three hypotheses: (i) Using the most important (best) attribute to construct the indifference pairs in the Tradeoff procedure leads to higher weights for the best and worst attributes and lower weights for the other attributes, (ii) using the least important (worst) attribute to construct the indifference pairs in the Tradeoff procedure leads to lower weights for the best and worst attributes and higher weights for the other attributes, and (iii) using both best and worst attributes to construct the indifference pairs (i.e., the best–worst tradeoff: BWT) mitigates the anchoring bias. To test the hypotheses, we conducted an experiment by designing a questionnaire based on MAVT and collected data from 336 participants for a decision problem. The findings indicate that the anchoring bias has a significant impact on the Tradeoff procedure and that the BWT is effective in mitigating this bias.</p>","PeriodicalId":48112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Decision Making","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bdm.70069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147299986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Martyrdom Effect in Judgment: Fatal Self-Sacrifice Boosts Evaluations for Both Beneficial and Harmful Actors","authors":"Christopher Y. Olivola","doi":"10.1002/bdm.70057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.70057","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Consequentialist theories of judgment and choice hold that individuals and actions should be evaluated in terms of the outcomes they produce, but not on <i>how</i> they bring about (otherwise equivalent) outcomes. This paper demonstrates a striking violation of consequentialism in judgment when fatal martyrdom—sacrificing one's life for a cause—is introduced. Across six experiments (<i>N</i>_total = 4861), including one preregistered replication, US participants judged scenarios in which a protagonist takes actions to save members of his group from an attack. They evaluated the protagonist and his actions more positively when he (voluntarily) sacrificed his life in the process, compared with when he achieved the <i>same</i> goal without dying. This is despite the fact that the former scenario—which adds self-sacrifice to an otherwise identical chain of events—is clearly worse for the protagonist (and his fellow group members). Moreover, fatal martyrdom (self-sacrifice) boosted evaluations even when the protagonist belonged to a despised group and his actions produced harmful outcomes that served an aversive cause. These results show that people praise fatal martyrdom (self-sacrifice), regardless of its consequences, and regardless of whether they generally support or oppose the martyr and the martyr's cause. The experiments also examined several potential mechanisms and boundary conditions of this fatal martyrdom effect, and they show that the effect can occur even in the absence of human intergroup conflict.</p>","PeriodicalId":48112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Decision Making","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bdm.70057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147299985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Responses to Sexual Harassment and Moral Values Shape Investment Decision Making","authors":"Amal P. Abeysekera,&nbsp;Andrea Pittarello","doi":"10.1002/bdm.70070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.70070","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted three experiments to examine how organizations' responses to sexual harassment influence individuals' investment decisions, and whether moral values moderate these effects. In Study 1, the organization either addressed or ignored a harassment case; in Study 2, it either retaliated against (or not) the reporting employee; and in Study 3, the perpetrator was either the CEO or a regular employee. In all studies, we found robust interactions between organizational culture and moral values—particularly fairness and harm. Individuals high in fairness were less willing to invest when the organization failed to address harassment (Study 1) or retaliated against the victim (Study 2), regardless of perpetrator role (Study 3). Individuals high in harm were less willing to invest when harassment was ignored (Studies 1 and 3). These patterns also extended to punitive behavior: stronger moral values increased participants' willingness to harm the organization. Overall, individuals with stronger fairness and harm values were more sensitive to how organizations respond to harassment, and this sensitivity shaped both their financial decisions and punitive intentions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Decision Making","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146256589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Who Is Afraid of the Pink Elephant? Evidence on (Not) Ignoring Inadmissible Evidence and Debiasing Interventions”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/bdm.70068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.70068","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <span>Engel, C.</span>, <span>J. Golder</span>, and <span>R.-M. Rahal</span>. <span>2026</span>. “ <span>Who Is Afraid of the Pink Elephant? Evidence on (Not) Ignoring Inadmissible Evidence and Debiasing Interventions</span>.” <i>Journal of Behavioral Decision Making</i> <span>39</span>, no. <span>1</span>: e70064. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.70064.\u0000 </p><p>The funding statement for this article was missing. The below funding statement has been added to the article:</p><p>Open access funding was provided by the Wirtschaftsuniversitat Wien/KEMÖ.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":48112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Decision Making","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bdm.70068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146057818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Similarity and Consistency in Algorithm-Guided Exploration”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/bdm.70067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.70067","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <span>Danwitz, L.</span>, <span>L. Hornuf</span>, <span>S. Fehrler</span>, et al. <span>2025</span>. “ <span>Similarity and Consistency in Algorithm-Guided Exploration</span>.” <i>Journal of Behavioral Decision Making</i> <span>38</span>, no. <span>5</span>: e70055. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.70055.\u0000 </p><p>The displayed order of authors was incorrectly published as: “Ludwig Danwitz, Lars Hornuf, Sebastian Fehrler, Hsuan-Yu Lin, Yongping Bao, Fabian Dvorak, Bettina von Helversen”.</p><p>The order of the authors list should be: “Ludwig Danwitz, Fabian Dvorak, Yongping Bao, Lars Hornuf, Hsuan-Yu Lin, Sebastian Fehrler, Bettina von Helversen.”</p><p>The displayed order of authors has been corrected in the article as well.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":48112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Decision Making","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bdm.70067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146057879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attentional Mechanism Underlying Asymmetric Subjective Opportunity Cost Effect in Intertemporal Choice: Explanation Based on Attribute-Based Models","authors":"Li-Na Chen,&nbsp;Jia-Tao Ma,&nbsp;Jian-Hui Huang,&nbsp;Aruna Wu,&nbsp;Cheng-Ming Jiang,&nbsp;Hong-Yue Sun","doi":"10.1002/bdm.70065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.70065","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The asymmetric subjective opportunity cost (ASOC) effect in intertemporal choice refers to the increase of an individual's preference for a larger and later (LL) option when the opportunity cost of the smaller and sooner (SS) option is highlighted compared to when it is not, while the individual's intertemporal preference is unaffected when the opportunity cost of the LL option is highlighted. This study, based on the attribute-based models, investigated the attentional mechanism by which opportunity costs implication influence intertemporal choice in conjunction with the eye-tracking method. Results showed that when the opportunity cost of the SS option was highlighted, participants were more likely to choose the LL option; the mean gaze time of the delay dimension was decreased, and the proportion of the gaze time in the money dimension relative to the delay dimension to the total gaze time increased; both variables mediated the impact of highlighting the opportunity cost of the SS option on intertemporal choice. This study explored the asymmetric subjective opportunity cost effect from the perspective of dimensional attention and adds evidence to the explanatory power of attribute-based models for intertemporal choices.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Decision Making","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146007537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Information on Judgment Invariance Influences Contributors' Opting-In Behavior in Sequential Collaboration","authors":"Vincent Eric Fischer,&nbsp;Maren Mayer,&nbsp;Joachim Kimmerle","doi":"10.1002/bdm.70063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.70063","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sequential collaboration describes an aggregation process intensively researched for numerical judgments which is characterized by a first contributor creating a judgment that is subsequently adjusted or maintained by following contributors. In previous research, participants performing sequential collaboration were only provided with information about the judgment of the person immediately preceding them in a sequential chain. However, in real-world collaborative projects (e.g., Wikipedia and Google Docs projects), more information about the past development of a sequential chain is often accessible or even directly displayed. As a concise piece of such information, we used judgment invariance, that is, the number of times a current judgment remained unchanged in the immediately preceding steps of a sequential chain. We hypothesized that increasing judgment invariance decreases both the probability and the magnitude of participants' judgment changes. Additionally, we hypothesized that the influence would be weakened with increasing expertise of participants. In three preregistered experiments, (G)LMM analyses suggested that increasing judgment invariance decreased the probability and magnitude of judgment changes confirming our hypothesized main effects. Concerning the interaction hypothesis of judgment invariance and expertise, a more ambiguous picture emerged. Experiment 1 was completely consistent with the interaction hypothesis. Experiment 2 supported it concerning the probability but not the magnitude of participants' judgment changes. In Experiment 3, a directionally reversed interaction effect was observed, possibly due to unconscientious participation. We conclude that the insight into the past development of a sequential chain, specifically information on judgment invariance, influences the judgment behavior of contributors in sequential collaborations. In summary, judgment invariance could be established as a substantial influence in sequential collaboration, which comes with practical implications for real-world collaborative projects.</p>","PeriodicalId":48112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Decision Making","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bdm.70063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146007313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Who Is Afraid of the Pink Elephant? Evidence on (Not) Ignoring Inadmissible Evidence and Debiasing Interventions","authors":"Christoph Engel,&nbsp;Jasmin Golder,&nbsp;Rima-Maria Rahal","doi":"10.1002/bdm.70064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.70064","url":null,"abstract":"<p>People are often unable or unwilling to ignore thoughts they should disregard. This issue is particularly problematic in legal contexts, where defendants should be judged on the merits of the case, not on prejudice, rumors, or evidence obtained through questionable methods. This is why criminal law of procedure regulates which information can be introduced in a trial. In a series of online vignette experiments involving 1432 US participants, we examine the biasing impact of two types of inadmissible evidence: prior convictions (character evidence) and wiretap confessions. We failed to show that character evidence biases jurors' judgments of the defendant's guilt, whereas wiretap evidence had a strong effect. We also assess the effectiveness of four debiasing interventions aimed at helping jurors ignore inadmissible evidence. While these interventions reduced bias, they did not fully eliminate it. These results provide nuance in the debate about information in the courtroom that should be suppressed.</p>","PeriodicalId":48112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Decision Making","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bdm.70064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145983603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intertemporal Impatience Across Mental Health in a Community Sample: A Novel Transdiagnostic Approach","authors":"Floor Burghoorn,&nbsp;Karin Roelofs,&nbsp;William J. Burk,&nbsp;Terrence D. Jorgensen,&nbsp;Anouk Scheres,&nbsp;Bernd Figner","doi":"10.1002/bdm.70056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.70056","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Intertemporal impatience has been proposed to be centrally and transdiagnostically implicated across mental health difficulties, including maladaptive behaviors, psychopathologies, and other psychological outcomes. We empirically tested this proposal using a novel research approach that integrates <i>per-category</i>, <i>trans-category</i>, <i>scale-level</i>, and <i>item-level</i> analyses. First, we studied per-category continuous associations between intertemporal impatience and a broad range of mental health-related behaviors and psychological constructs. Next, we examined which of several latent, trans-category dimensions were associated with impatience, thereby studying which mental health difficulties may be connected through shared impatience. Finally, we investigated which specific symptoms or behaviors were driving these associations. This study was conducted in a community sample of 899 participants who completed an intertemporal choice task and various self-report mental health measures. Per-category analyses involved bivariate correlations and multiple regressions; trans-category analyses involved exploratory factor analyses to identify transdiagnostic dimensions, and structural-after-measurement models to test for associations between the dimensions and intertemporal impatience. Intertemporal impatience was associated with increased nicotine use, reactive aggression, non-planning impulsivity, motor impulsivity, and dispositional greed. Moreover, impatience was positively associated with a transdiagnostic impulsivity dimension (including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, low self-control, and motor and non-planning impulsivity). Symptom-level analyses suggested that this association was mainly driven by information impulsivity (also known as lack of premeditation) and financial impulsivity. Our results provide support for the role of intertemporal impatience across several externalizing but not internalizing mental health difficulties and offer a detailed and nuanced interpretation of the transdiagnostic role of intertemporal impatience across mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":48112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Decision Making","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bdm.70056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145909090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}