Journal of Behavioral Decision Making最新文献_第2页

Resource Constraints Lead to Biased Attention but Decrease Unethical Behavior 资源限制会导致注意力偏差，但会减少不道德行为

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Journal of Behavioral Decision Making Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1002/bdm.2402

Caroline K. Børsting, Christian T. Elbæk, Panagiotis Mitkidis, Guy Hochman

{"title":"Resource Constraints Lead to Biased Attention but Decrease Unethical Behavior","authors":"Caroline K. Børsting, Christian T. Elbæk, Panagiotis Mitkidis, Guy Hochman","doi":"10.1002/bdm.2402","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bdm.2402","url":null,"abstract":"Subjective experiences of resource scarcity can make individuals short-term oriented, capture attention, and trigger feelings of unfairness. However, the impact of scarcity on information processing and ethical decision-making remains poorly understood. This eye-tracking study explored how acute financial scarcity affects selective information search and ethical decision-making in an economic task with competing incentives (N = 60, 12,000 observations). Results revealed that participants experiencing financial scarcity displayed a strong attentional bias towards financially tempting information, although they ultimately did not behave more unethically. These findings might reveal a “moral boundary” dictating when attentional biases translate into decision-making. Our results contribute to understanding how individuals in scarcity contexts process and prioritize information in ethical decision-making, helping organizations and policymakers combat stereotypes surrounding resource-deprived individuals, and design evidence-based policy interventions promoting ethical behavior in financially scarce situations.","PeriodicalId":48112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Decision Making","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bdm.2402","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141871376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Zero Effect: An Eye-Tracking Study of Affect and Motivation in Risky Choices 零效应：风险选择中的情感和动机的眼动追踪研究

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Journal of Behavioral Decision Making Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1002/bdm.2400

Jonas Ludwig, Alexander Jaudas, Anja Achtziger

{"title":"The Zero Effect: An Eye-Tracking Study of Affect and Motivation in Risky Choices","authors":"Jonas Ludwig, Alexander Jaudas, Anja Achtziger","doi":"10.1002/bdm.2400","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bdm.2400","url":null,"abstract":"Decision makers often prefer safe wins over risky gambles, even if the latter promise higher payoffs than the former. One mechanism that explains this choice pattern is the certainty effect, whereby probabilities of 0 and 1 are interpreted accurately but intermediate probabilities are distorted by diminishing sensitivity. We tested an alternative explanation that was recently proposed, the idea that people would be motivated by avoiding zero outcomes rather than being attracted to sure gains. This zero-outcome aversion in gain-domain choices was called the zero effect. By analogy, we proposed that decision makers would approach zero outcomes in the loss domain. Two eye-tracking experiments investigated visual attention as a key component of the zero effect in the gain domain (Experiment 1) and the loss domain (Experiment 2). Choices were consistent with the zero effect. In the gain domain, gambles were chosen less frequently if they included a zero outcome. In contrast, zero-outcome gambles were chosen more frequently in the loss domain. Eye movements and pupillometry indicated that zero outcomes in both domains (a) were less frequently fixated than other outcomes and (b) were associated with increased arousal. We concluded that domain-specific affective responses to zero outcomes aligned with approach/avoidance motivation. These distinct motivations in turn biased information search and choice behavior.","PeriodicalId":48112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Decision Making","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bdm.2400","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141769786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How Maximizers Estimate Their Decision Time: The Mediating Effect of Memory Reduction 最大化者如何估算决策时间：记忆缩减的中介效应

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Journal of Behavioral Decision Making Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.1002/bdm.2398

He Huang, Hong Li

引用次数: 0

When Half Is at Least 50%: Effect of “Framing” and Probability Level on Frequency Estimates 当一半至少是 50%时：框架 "和概率水平对频率估计的影响

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Journal of Behavioral Decision Making Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1002/bdm.2399

David R. Mandel, Megan Kelly

{"title":"When Half Is at Least 50%: Effect of “Framing” and Probability Level on Frequency Estimates","authors":"David R. Mandel, Megan Kelly","doi":"10.1002/bdm.2399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.2399","url":null,"abstract":"Expert judgment often involves estimating magnitudes, such as the frequency of deaths due to a pandemic. Three experiments (Ns = 902, 431, and 755, respectively) were conducted to examine the effect of outcome framing (e.g., half of a threatened group expected to survive vs. die), probability level (low vs. high), and probability format (verbal, numeric, or combined) on the estimated frequency of survivals/deaths. Each experiment found an interactive effect of frame and probability level, which supported the hypothesis that forecasted outcomes received by participants were implicitly quantified as lower bounds (i.e., “at least half”). Responding in a manner consistent with a lower-bound “at least” interpretation was unrelated to incoherence (Experiments 1 and 2) and positively related to numeracy (Experiments 1 and 3), verbal reasoning (Experiment 3), and actively open-minded thinking (Experiments 2 and 3). The correlational results indicate that implicit lower bounding is an aspect of linguistic inference and not a cognitive error. Implications for research on framing effects are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Decision Making","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bdm.2399","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141584022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Episodic Future Thinking Only Reduces Delay Discounting When Future Events Involve the Self 只有当未来事件涉及自我时，偶发未来思维才会减少延迟贴现

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Journal of Behavioral Decision Making Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.1002/bdm.2397

Rebecca A. Olsen, Anne C. Macaskill, Maree J. Hunt

{"title":"Episodic Future Thinking Only Reduces Delay Discounting When Future Events Involve the Self","authors":"Rebecca A. Olsen, Anne C. Macaskill, Maree J. Hunt","doi":"10.1002/bdm.2397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.2397","url":null,"abstract":"Vividly imagining personally relevant, future episodes (episodic future thinking) reduces delay discounting, with potential to provide many applied benefits. It is not clear whether the events imagined must involve the self, or whether vividly imagining future events that will happen to another person would also reduce delay discounting. In the current study, two groups of students wrote about future events, we then cued them to vividly imagine these future events while making delay-amount trade-off decisions (e.g., would you choose $500 now or $1000 in one year?). One group imagined future events happening to themselves, and another group to a specific person they knew. We compared discounting to a control condition where participants were simply instructed to “choose.” Only the group that imagined personally relevant, future events demonstrated reduced delay discounting. This suggests that episodic future thinking more effectively reduces delay discounting when future events happen to the self rather than another person. The group that imagined personally relevant future events were not more able to report the experimental hypotheses suggesting that this difference was not primarily driven by demand characteristics.","PeriodicalId":48112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Decision Making","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bdm.2397","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Money Versus Time: The Effects of Social Media Exclusion on Mental Construal and Donation Behaviors 金钱与时间：社交媒体排斥对心理构想和捐赠行为的影响

IF 1.8 3区心理学

Journal of Behavioral Decision Making Pub Date : 2024-06-23 DOI: 10.1002/bdm.2396

Dajun Li, Nan Zhang, Huihui Li

{"title":"Money Versus Time: The Effects of Social Media Exclusion on Mental Construal and Donation Behaviors","authors":"Dajun Li, Nan Zhang, Huihui Li","doi":"10.1002/bdm.2396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.2396","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 The development of social media platforms has ushered in a new era in which online media interactions, such as Facebook and Twitter, have largely supplanted traditional means of interpersonal interaction. This has resulted in problems such as cyberbullying and social exclusion. Previous research has indicated that people who feel socially excluded react more positively to altruistic behaviors, which could effectively restore connection and happiness from the exclusion. This study investigates two distinct types of social media exclusion (being rejected vs. being ignored) to determine their subsequent donation preferences (money vs. time). In three substudies, this study explores donation behaviors and demonstrates that people who feel socially rejected (ignored) react more positively to the donation of money (time). Study 1 reveals that being rejected (ignored) by social media leads people to form low (high)-level mental construals, resulting in preferences for the donation of money (time). Study 2 examines how matching the exclusion type with the abstractness of appeals (abstract vs. concrete) affects donation preference. Similarly, Study 3 demonstrates the matching effects of exclusion type and the temporal distance of appeals (current vs. future) on subsequent charitable behaviors. Charitable fundraisers are advised to align their charitable appeals with people's construal levels to help these excluded media users not only reconnect their belonging with the community but also recover their happiness after the exclusion experiences.\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Decision Making","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141488647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Framing the Default Option Right 正确界定默认选项

IF 2 3区心理学

Journal of Behavioral Decision Making Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1002/bdm.2395

Luc Meunier, Yashar Bashirzadeh, Sima Ohadi

{"title":"Framing the Default Option Right","authors":"Luc Meunier, Yashar Bashirzadeh, Sima Ohadi","doi":"10.1002/bdm.2395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.2395","url":null,"abstract":"Defaults are powerful nudges to shape individuals' behavior: In three experiments, including a large experiment using representative samples from five European countries (n = 4207), we show that they can significantly affect risk-taking by medium to large effect sizes. We also show that implementing a default nudge leads to a lower rating of the advice delivered by the wealth manager compared to no default, an effect that has a medium to large effect size. In addition, defaults the targeted individuals refuse result in lower advice ratings. These side effects call for caution before applying nudges and individualized defaults rather than a one-size-fits-all approach. Additionally, we find evidence pointing to two small effects of framing in default presentation. First, asking how much individuals want to invest in the risky asset emphasizes risk. It reduces investment in the risky asset compared to asking them how much they want to leave on the safe account, particularly for more risk-averse individuals. Second, asking individuals if they want to change a default allocation of 100% in the risky asset leads to more investment in the risky asset than asking them whether they accept such an allocation. Perceived wealth manager honesty appears to mediate the relationship between the default nudge and the rating of the advice.","PeriodicalId":48112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Decision Making","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bdm.2395","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141286860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Choice Repetition Bias in Intertemporal Choice: An Eye-Tracking Study 时际选择中的选择重复偏差：眼动追踪研究

IF 2 3区心理学

Journal of Behavioral Decision Making Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.1002/bdm.2388

Ulrike Senftleben, Martin Schoemann, Stefan Scherbaum

{"title":"Choice Repetition Bias in Intertemporal Choice: An Eye-Tracking Study","authors":"Ulrike Senftleben, Martin Schoemann, Stefan Scherbaum","doi":"10.1002/bdm.2388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.2388","url":null,"abstract":"Intertemporal choices (i.e., the choice between a sooner available but smaller reward and a later available but larger reward) were initially thought to reflect stable preferences for immediate or delayed rewards. However, recently, it has been shown that intertemporal choices are influenced by factors such as context variables and attentional processes. Here, we investigate if another factor, the choice repetition bias, affects decision making and attentional processes in intertemporal choice. The choice repetition bias is characterized by the tendency to repeat previous choices and to be slower when switching to an alternative choice. In a series of two experiments (including a preregistered, eye-tracking study), we find that the choice repetition bias exists in intertemporal choice. We also find tentative support for an early attentional bias towards the favored attribute dimension of the previous choice; however, this effect disappears when taking the whole decision process into account. This finding raises interesting questions about the cognitive processes underlying the choice repetition bias. In addition, we successfully replicate other attentional effects from the intertemporal choice literature (e.g., more fixations on monetary dimension, gaze cascade effect).","PeriodicalId":48112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Decision Making","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bdm.2388","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141085079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ambiguity Preference in Waiting Time: Investigating the Desirability Effect and the Interplay of Temporal Description, Outcome Category, and Evaluation Mode 等待时间中的模糊偏好：研究可取性效应以及时间描述、结果类别和评价模式的相互作用

IF 2 3区心理学

Journal of Behavioral Decision Making Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.1002/bdm.2389

Ping Xu, Jiuqing Cheng, Xianyue Shang, Zhixian Jin

{"title":"Ambiguity Preference in Waiting Time: Investigating the Desirability Effect and the Interplay of Temporal Description, Outcome Category, and Evaluation Mode","authors":"Ping Xu, Jiuqing Cheng, Xianyue Shang, Zhixian Jin","doi":"10.1002/bdm.2389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.2389","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 People often experience uncertain waiting times, like when awaiting job interview decisions. Despite its prevalence, the preference for waiting time-ambiguity has received limited research attention. Drawing on the information gap theory, which suggests ambiguity avoidance is influenced by the affective response to the missing information caused by uncertainty, this work examined the effect of outcome desirability on ambiguity preference in the context of waiting time. Across five studies in China and the United States, this work observed that people strongly dislike unknown waiting time for undesirable outcomes compared with desirable outcomes. This effect held true in both rating tasks and choice tasks. Furthermore, this study explores factors influencing this desirability effect. Using calendar dates instead of waiting time units and evaluating the options separately rather than jointly, reduced the impact of outcome desirability on ambiguity preference. Additionally, this desirability affect was more pronounced for utilitarian than hedonic outcomes. Altogether, these findings highlight the role of outcome desirability, temporal description, and evaluation mode in shaping individuals' preference for ambiguity in the domain of waiting time.\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral Decision Making","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140952970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction to “The Categorization of Continuous Attributes” 对 "连续属性的分类 "的更正

IF 2 3区心理学

Journal of Behavioral Decision Making Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.1002/bdm.2387

引用次数: 0