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Recovering the status quo: tipping points and earthquake aftermaths in colonial India 恢复原状：印度殖民时期的临界点和地震后遗症
IF 3.2 3区 管理学
Disasters Pub Date : 2023-07-14 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12602
Daniel Haines
{"title":"Recovering the status quo: tipping points and earthquake aftermaths in colonial India","authors":"Daniel Haines","doi":"10.1111/disa.12602","DOIUrl":"10.1111/disa.12602","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Scholars of disaster politics debate how far natural hazards cause or catalyse political change. This paper builds on recent scholarship on tipping points and social contracts to argue that two case studies of historical earthquakes in 1930s British-colonised India invite a focus on the dynamics of cooperation and conflict between state and non-state actors. Officials of the colonial state and its nationalist rivals cooperated after one earthquake even though they otherwise bitterly opposed each other. Cooperation broke down after the second event, just one year later. Yet, in both cases, officials and nationalist leaders shared a broad vision for Indian society, which pushed both sides actively to seek to recover the social and economic status quo ante, preventing potential tipping points from crystallising. These case studies reveal how and why highly fraught social contracts can survive major disasters. The colonial state's transient and reactive approach to disaster governance continued to impact on post-independence India.</p>","PeriodicalId":48088,"journal":{"name":"Disasters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/disa.12602","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9944759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The warming city: the increasing risk of summer fires in Delhi 不断变暖的城市：德里夏季火灾风险不断增加
IF 3.2 3区 管理学
Disasters Pub Date : 2023-06-21 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12601
Greg Bankoff, Sarika Chakravarty, Steve Jordan
{"title":"The warming city: the increasing risk of summer fires in Delhi","authors":"Greg Bankoff,&nbsp;Sarika Chakravarty,&nbsp;Steve Jordan","doi":"10.1111/disa.12601","DOIUrl":"10.1111/disa.12601","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rising temperatures are mainly associated with wildfires, but the incidence of fire may also increase in the urban context. Yet, fire in Delhi, India, as elsewhere in the towns and cities of the Global South, remains largely invisible, despite the nearly 11 million people each year who are burnt severely enough to require medical attention. This paper focuses on whether summer temperatures in Delhi are rising and whether higher temperatures and lower humidity contribute to a greater number of fires in urban areas. The data strongly suggest a relationship between the warming city, a growing number of summer fires, and mounting temperatures around the world. Delhi, however, is only one example of an urban reality that is common to much of the Global South. Similar questions about the incidence of fire and whether the number is increasing need to be asked of other towns and cities that share the same vulnerabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":48088,"journal":{"name":"Disasters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10319887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Is male out-migration associated with women's participation in post-disaster rebuilding? Evidence from Nepal after the 2015 Gorkha earthquake 男性向外移民是否与妇女参与灾后重建有关？2015 年尼泊尔廓尔喀地震后的证据
IF 3.2 3区 管理学
Disasters Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12596
Shana Scogin
{"title":"Is male out-migration associated with women's participation in post-disaster rebuilding? Evidence from Nepal after the 2015 Gorkha earthquake","authors":"Shana Scogin","doi":"10.1111/disa.12596","DOIUrl":"10.1111/disa.12596","url":null,"abstract":"<p>How does male out-migration impact women's experience of post-disaster reconstruction? This paper employs survey data collected by Nepal's Housing Recovery Reconstruction Platform in 2018 to establish robust associations between male out-migration and three indicators of women's participation in rebuilding their private houses after the 2015 Gorkha earthquake: (i) knowing where to consult for information; (ii) visiting a local government official by oneself; and (iii) signing a rebuilding agreement with the local government. Twenty-six semi-structured interviews conducted in 2022 further revealed that women whose husbands were abroad undertook roles that they would not have performed had their spouse been present, including in relation to management and decision-making. However, the interviews also highlighted challenges that women had to overcome, such as a lack of knowledge of procuring materials and difficulties leading the process as a woman. This study advances the literature by establishing a relationship between male out-migration and variation in women's post-earthquake rebuilding experiences.</p>","PeriodicalId":48088,"journal":{"name":"Disasters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10317731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Obituary: Douglas Paton, 1955–2023 讣告:道格拉斯·帕顿，1955-2023
IF 3.2 3区 管理学
Disasters Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12595
{"title":"Obituary: Douglas Paton, 1955–2023","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/disa.12595","DOIUrl":"10.1111/disa.12595","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48088,"journal":{"name":"Disasters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9591656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Disaster solidarity and survivor ethics: a case study of Hurricane María in Puerto Rico 灾难团结与幸存者伦理：波多黎各 "玛丽亚 "飓风案例研究
IF 3.2 3区 管理学
Disasters Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12593
Robert W. Schrauf, Patria C. López de Victoria Rodríguez
{"title":"Disaster solidarity and survivor ethics: a case study of Hurricane María in Puerto Rico","authors":"Robert W. Schrauf,&nbsp;Patria C. López de Victoria Rodríguez","doi":"10.1111/disa.12593","DOIUrl":"10.1111/disa.12593","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Liminal periods of disaster solidarity in the aftermath of disaster are a common experience of many survivors. These periods have a specifically ethical component in that people spontaneously engage in collective, altruistic action and magnanimously expand their ethical focus beyond normative social distinctions and hierarchies. Inevitably, however, such solidarity seems to wane, and people return to pre-disaster patterns of interaction. Nevertheless, some individuals move beyond opportune acts of assistance to more extensive reorganisations of their lives during the recovery period and reshape their ethical commitments in new and durable directions. These individuals help make visible marginalised ‘others’ and draw collaborators to share new ethical visions. Based on observational and interview data collected after Hurricane María (2017) in a mountainous Puerto Rican municipality and employing the framework of virtue ethics, this paper examines the differential effects of disaster solidarity on survivors' ethical responses and the different contributions these make to society.</p>","PeriodicalId":48088,"journal":{"name":"Disasters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/disa.12593","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10385565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evidence of policy learning in emergency declarations as communication tools in Australia 澳大利亚将紧急状况声明作为传播工具的政策学习证据
IF 3.2 3区 管理学
Disasters Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12594
Ben Beccari
{"title":"Evidence of policy learning in emergency declarations as communication tools in Australia","authors":"Ben Beccari","doi":"10.1111/disa.12594","DOIUrl":"10.1111/disa.12594","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Emergency declarations are important legal tools for the state to protect itself and its citizens during times of crisis. Such declarations permit the exercise of extraordinary powers to address an emergency or disaster. They present an opportunity to explore policy learning in crises, through the ability to examine emergency declaration instruments and the detail of post-emergency inquiries and reviews. This paper briefly assesses Australian law that provides for emergency declarations and places it in the context of theories of policy learning and change. Two case studies reveal evidence of policy learning in emergency declaration practice in Australia. There is an emerging practice of using declarations primarily or purely as tools to communicate the seriousness of an emergency. This policy learning has occurred both within and between jurisdictions, including the federal government. This paper also probes opportunities for future research on policy learning and emergency legislation, especially in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":48088,"journal":{"name":"Disasters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/disa.12594","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9956703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Defining, collecting, and sharing perishable disaster data 定义、收集和共享易损灾害数据
IF 3.2 3区 管理学
Disasters Pub Date : 2023-05-22 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12592
Rachel M. Adams, Candace M. Evans, Lori Peek
{"title":"Defining, collecting, and sharing perishable disaster data","authors":"Rachel M. Adams,&nbsp;Candace M. Evans,&nbsp;Lori Peek","doi":"10.1111/disa.12592","DOIUrl":"10.1111/disa.12592","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Researchers across disciplines have long sought to collect ‘perishable data’ in the context of disasters. Yet, this data type is neither consistently defined nor discussed in specific detail in the literature. To address this gap, this paper defines perishable data and provides guidance on ways to improve both how it is collected and shared. Here, perishable data is conceptualised as highly transient data that may degrade in quality, be irrevocably altered, or be permanently lost if not gathered soon after it is generated. Perishable data may include ephemeral information that must be collected to characterise pre-existing hazardous conditions, near-miss events, actual disasters, and longer-term recovery processes. This data may need to be gathered at multiple points in time across varying geographic scales to accurately characterise exposure, susceptibility to harm, or coping capacity. The paper considers ethical and logistical challenges and discusses opportunities to advance equitable perishable data collection and dissemination.</p>","PeriodicalId":48088,"journal":{"name":"Disasters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/disa.12592","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9943771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Conceptualising multiple hazards and cascading effects on critical infrastructures 多重危害概念化及对重要基础设施的连带影响
IF 3.2 3区 管理学
Disasters Pub Date : 2023-05-18 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12591
Karina Barquet, Mathilda Englund, Katarina Inga, Karin André, Lisa Segnestam
{"title":"Conceptualising multiple hazards and cascading effects on critical infrastructures","authors":"Karina Barquet,&nbsp;Mathilda Englund,&nbsp;Katarina Inga,&nbsp;Karin André,&nbsp;Lisa Segnestam","doi":"10.1111/disa.12591","DOIUrl":"10.1111/disa.12591","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite increased research on ‘multiple hazards’ and ‘cascading effects’, ambiguity remains concerning terminology. This paper reviews the literature to explore how these two concepts are defined in relation to critical infrastructures and their vital societal functions. Next, it investigates how the concepts are operationalised in Swedish disaster risk management. Findings indicate that regardless of a wealth of methodologies assessing multiple hazards and their cascading effects, these are rarely used by local planners, suggesting a gap between scientific approaches and practical implementation. Research mainly captures multiple hazards and cascading effects through technical parameters related to the severity of a hazard or the direct physical impacts on infrastructure. Less focus has been placed on the wider or knock-on effects across sectors and how these translate into societal risk. Future research should move beyond traditional understandings of social vulnerabilities as only pre-existing, to analyse how cascading effects on infrastructure and services can put new social groups at risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":48088,"journal":{"name":"Disasters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/disa.12591","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9834044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Community resilience across Australia towards natural hazards: an application of the Conjoint Community Resiliency Assessment Measurement 澳大利亚各地社区应对自然灾害的复原力：社区复原力联合评估测量法的应用
IF 3.2 3区 管理学
Disasters Pub Date : 2023-05-16 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12590
Kerstin K. Zander, Rifka Sibarani, Matthew Abunyewah, Michael Odei Erdiaw-Kwasie, Simon A. Moss, Jonatan Lassa, Stephen T. Garnett
{"title":"Community resilience across Australia towards natural hazards: an application of the Conjoint Community Resiliency Assessment Measurement","authors":"Kerstin K. Zander,&nbsp;Rifka Sibarani,&nbsp;Matthew Abunyewah,&nbsp;Michael Odei Erdiaw-Kwasie,&nbsp;Simon A. Moss,&nbsp;Jonatan Lassa,&nbsp;Stephen T. Garnett","doi":"10.1111/disa.12590","DOIUrl":"10.1111/disa.12590","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Natural hazards can turn into disasters when not managed well. An important part of disaster risk reduction is to understand how well communities are prepared for natural hazards and how well they can cope with and recover from shocks in the long term. This research assesses self-reported community resilience and asks what makes a community resilient, using Australia as a case study. It reports on an Australian-wide online survey which included questions related to the Conjoint Community Resiliency Assessment Measurement, a subjective indicator, as well as questions about risk perception, well-being, and self-efficacy. Community resilience was found to be moderately high but scores for community leadership and preparedness were low. Perceived community resilience was positively correlated with age and those with high scores for self-efficacy and well-being. There was, as expected, an inverse relationship between reliance on external support during natural hazards and self-efficacy. The results complement previous studies which used different measures of community resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":48088,"journal":{"name":"Disasters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/disa.12590","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10266571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Divergent dynamics: disasters and conflicts as ‘drivers’ of internal displacement? 不同的动态：灾害和冲突是境内流离失所的 "驱动因素"？
IF 3.2 3区 管理学
Disasters Pub Date : 2023-05-12 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12589
David James Cantor
{"title":"Divergent dynamics: disasters and conflicts as ‘drivers’ of internal displacement?","authors":"David James Cantor","doi":"10.1111/disa.12589","DOIUrl":"10.1111/disa.12589","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Disasters and conflicts are both widely recognised as ‘drivers’ of internal displacement. Yet, despite a growing body of research and policy, there has been little consideration to date of how the different features of each ‘context’ shape the micro-level dynamics of internal displacement. Where and why are these dynamics similar across the two contexts and how do they differ? This paper draws on general concepts from the disaster field to develop a comparative analytical model of internal displacement dynamics in the disaster and conflict contexts. Based on inferences from the patchy extant data across the two contexts, it identifies and explains points of convergence and divergence between internal displacement dynamics in both the disaster and conflict contexts. This ‘contextual’ model of the micro-level dynamics of internal displacement has implications for academic debates, as well as for policy and practice, in the disaster, conflict, peace, climate change, and forced migration/displacement fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":48088,"journal":{"name":"Disasters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10237779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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