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Five levels of famine prevention: towards a framework for the twenty-first century and beyond 预防饥荒的五个层面：二十一世纪及其后的框架。
IF 2.4 3区 管理学
Disasters Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12668
Paul Howe, Merry Fitzpatrick, Daniel Maxwell
{"title":"Five levels of famine prevention: towards a framework for the twenty-first century and beyond","authors":"Paul Howe,&nbsp;Merry Fitzpatrick,&nbsp;Daniel Maxwell","doi":"10.1111/disa.12668","DOIUrl":"10.1111/disa.12668","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent years, the world has faced a rapid rise in humanitarian needs and an increasing risk of famine. Given the potential threats posed by conflict, climate change, economic shocks, and other issues, it is important to be prepared for the possibility of new crises in the future. Drawing on key informant interviews and a literature review, this paper assesses the state of the art in famine prevention, examining a range of technical and political approaches and analysing emerging lessons. Based on the findings, it identifies five levels of famine prevention: (i) averting famine; (ii) anticipating famine; (iii) reducing famine risks; (iv) altering famine risks; and (v) preventing famine risks. The paper argues that the current focus only partially addresses a relatively narrow set of levels. It concludes that a more comprehensive approach that engages all five levels simultaneously could contribute to a global famine prevention framework for the twenty-first century and beyond.</p>","PeriodicalId":48088,"journal":{"name":"Disasters","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11603530/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sudan's catastrophe: the role of changing dynamics of food and power in the Gezira agricultural scheme 苏丹的灾难：不断变化的粮食和权力动态在杰济拉农业计划中的作用。
IF 2.4 3区 管理学
Disasters Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12663
Tamer Abd Elkreem, Susanne Jaspars
{"title":"Sudan's catastrophe: the role of changing dynamics of food and power in the Gezira agricultural scheme","authors":"Tamer Abd Elkreem,&nbsp;Susanne Jaspars","doi":"10.1111/disa.12663","DOIUrl":"10.1111/disa.12663","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article explores the role of historical, political, and economic processes in understanding war and famine in Sudan after 2023. The focus is on Al-Gezira, the site of Sudan's largest agricultural scheme. Using ethnography, interviews, and document reviews, the study analyses the Gezira irrigation project in three phases. First, the 1980s and 1990s, when patronage politics dominated its management. Second, the neoliberal strategies of the Gezira Scheme Act of 2005, which enabled Islamist profiteering while increasing vulnerability among farmers and labourers and tensions between them. Third, post 2018, when political movements used evidence of the scheme's deterioration to call for revolution, but once achieved, previous tensions grew and have been manipulated during the war. Sudan provides an example of how decades of war and neoliberal economic strategies have led to a deeply-rooted, violent, and extractive political economy. This has been to the benefit of business and elites, leaving many to a life of precarity, exploitation, and hunger.</p>","PeriodicalId":48088,"journal":{"name":"Disasters","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11603519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Food systems in protracted crises: examining indigenous food sovereignty amid de-development in Kashmir 长期危机中的粮食系统：在克什米尔的非发展中考察土著粮食主权。
IF 2.4 3区 管理学
Disasters Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12666
Mehroosh Tak, Sardar Babur Hussain, Haris Zargar, Lauren J. Blake
{"title":"Food systems in protracted crises: examining indigenous food sovereignty amid de-development in Kashmir","authors":"Mehroosh Tak,&nbsp;Sardar Babur Hussain,&nbsp;Haris Zargar,&nbsp;Lauren J. Blake","doi":"10.1111/disa.12666","DOIUrl":"10.1111/disa.12666","url":null,"abstract":"<p>How do protracted crises shape indigenous food systems, and what are their ramifications for food and nutritional security? Building on decolonial and interdisciplinary research approaches, this paper assesses the consequences of militarised violence for Kashmir's food system. We document the impact of settler-colonialism and conflict-induced agrarian changes on delocalisation of diets. The protracted nature of the crises has two key implications for changes in dietary patterns. First, land control over common land dispossesses the local population and hinders food production. Second, disenfranchisement from (agricultural) land has led to increased reliance on markets that are flooded by imported foods as local production declines. The paper argues that the state plays an important role in food system changes by destroying local patterns of food production and consumption. Slow violence and agrarian de-development serve as tools to de-develop the local food system. Indigenous food cultures form part of everyday resistance and resilience that are operationalised as mitigation and adaptation strategies to address food insecurity.</p>","PeriodicalId":48088,"journal":{"name":"Disasters","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11603596/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Music and the politics of famine: everyday discourses and shame for suffering 音乐与饥荒政治：日常话语与对苦难的羞耻感。
IF 2.4 3区 管理学
Disasters Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12662
Naomi Pendle, Abraham Diing Akoi
{"title":"Music and the politics of famine: everyday discourses and shame for suffering","authors":"Naomi Pendle,&nbsp;Abraham Diing Akoi","doi":"10.1111/disa.12662","DOIUrl":"10.1111/disa.12662","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding the politics of famine is crucial to understanding why famines still occur. A key part of this is how famine is remembered, understood, and discussed. This paper focuses on songs popular among communities that have recently experienced deadly famine. Contemporary famines almost always manifest in armed conflict contexts, where there is limited political freedom. Here, songs and music can be an important way to debate sensitive political issues. This paper focuses on the way that songs and music shape ‘regimes of truth’ around famine, and who is shamed and held accountable for associated suffering. It is based on long-term ethnographic research, the recordings of famine-related songs, and collaborative analysis in Jonglei and Warrap States (South Sudan) in 2021–24. The paper shows how songs can mock soldiers for their seizing of assets during times of hunger and how they can create familial shame for famine suffering, shifting responsibility away from the real causes to family members.</p>","PeriodicalId":48088,"journal":{"name":"Disasters","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11603520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Breaking from the past? Environmental narratives, logics of power, and the (re)production of food insecurity in South Sudan 摆脱过去？南苏丹的环境叙事、权力逻辑和粮食不安全的（再）生产。
IF 2.4 3区 管理学
Disasters Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12658
Francois Sennesael, Harry Verhoeven
{"title":"Breaking from the past? Environmental narratives, logics of power, and the (re)production of food insecurity in South Sudan","authors":"Francois Sennesael,&nbsp;Harry Verhoeven","doi":"10.1111/disa.12658","DOIUrl":"10.1111/disa.12658","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Skyrocketing commodity prices and conflict-induced mass hunger in recent years have resuscitated discussions about why famines frequently reoccur in specific spaces of vulnerability. Intervention efforts still too often isolate food (in)security from its interwovenness in the political economy of water and energy and from the role of ideas in forging these interconnections across long time periods. Using (South) Sudanese history to rethink the causes of recurrent food insecurity, we underscore the need to analyse how political elites imagine the role of the water–energy–food nexus and associated environmental narratives in consolidating power. South Sudan's 2011 secession (from Sudan) marked the culmination of a struggle against a state that insurgents regarded as having starved its citizens. However, since independence, its leaders have replicated the nostrum they once combatted: Sudanese resources must ‘feed the world’. A fixation with inserting water, energy, and food resources into global markets infuses their strategy, even if such an approach will not engender food abundance.</p>","PeriodicalId":48088,"journal":{"name":"Disasters","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11603521/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hurricanes, reconstruction, and resistance: thinking through vulnerability in the Caribbean 飓风、重建和抵抗：思考加勒比地区的脆弱性。
IF 2.4 3区 管理学
Disasters Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12664
Juan Ricardo Aparicio Cuervo, Laura Victoria Macías Perdomo
{"title":"Hurricanes, reconstruction, and resistance: thinking through vulnerability in the Caribbean","authors":"Juan Ricardo Aparicio Cuervo,&nbsp;Laura Victoria Macías Perdomo","doi":"10.1111/disa.12664","DOIUrl":"10.1111/disa.12664","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper critically analyses events that surrounded the reconstruction of the Colombian archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia, and Santa Catalina islands after Hurricane Iota struck in 2020. Discussing the historical-structural and conjunctural dimensions within which the archipelago's history, various hurricanes, and reconstructions must be set, this paper draws on two theoretical conversations from Latin American and Caribbean critical thought and the critical humanitarian field that understand humanitarian governance as an ‘arena of dispute’. Through mainly archival research of different sources, this paper assesses reconstruction and what it laid bare: structural vulnerability largely produced by the long lasting coloniality of power. In addition, it describes the active mediations and negotiations and the plethora of actions and repertoires in response to these centralised plans. Ultimately, we offer a vision whereby what is negotiated concerns not only the priorities and directions of the reconstruction, but also the design of a different future for the islands.</p>","PeriodicalId":48088,"journal":{"name":"Disasters","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Correction to “Local news sentiment towards FEMA recovery efforts after Hurricane Florence in North Carolina” 更正 "北卡罗来纳州佛罗伦萨飓风过后，当地新闻对联邦紧急事务管理局恢复工作的看法"。
IF 2.4 3区 管理学
Disasters Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12665
{"title":"Correction to “Local news sentiment towards FEMA recovery efforts after Hurricane Florence in North Carolina”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/disa.12665","DOIUrl":"10.1111/disa.12665","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <span>Cardwell, Julia</span>, and <span>Kristen N. Cowan</span>. “ <span>Local news sentiment towards FEMA recovery efforts after Hurricane Florence in North Carolina</span>.” <i>Disasters</i>  <span>47</span>, no. <span>4</span> (<span>2023</span>): <span>1025</span>–<span>1046</span>.</p><p>In paragraph 3 of the “Comparing manual and automated coding” section, the text that describes “delay” as lacking a positive or negative sentiment in the LSD is incorrect, as it is associated with a negative sentiment in the LSD. That example should be disregarded.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":48088,"journal":{"name":"Disasters","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/disa.12665","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hunger in global war economies: understanding the decline and return of famines 全球战争经济中的饥饿：了解饥荒的减少和恢复。
IF 2.4 3区 管理学
Disasters Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12661
Alex de Waal
{"title":"Hunger in global war economies: understanding the decline and return of famines","authors":"Alex de Waal","doi":"10.1111/disa.12661","DOIUrl":"10.1111/disa.12661","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The resurgence of famines is a topic of concern. This paper explains the recent trajectory using the framework of contending ‘global war economies’. It characterises the unipolar neoliberal world order era (1986–2015) as the ‘Pax Americana’ war economy, focusing on the United States dollar's roles. These were the decades of the liberal imperium, the corporate food regime, and counterinsurgent coalitions, which generated structural vulnerability to food crises and reduced the actual incidence and lethality of famine. The paper characterises the subsequent period (2016 onwards) as the challenge of the BRICS club, focusing on its efforts to rewrite the global political economy's rules, proactively hedging among diversifying currency regimes. This entails a scramble to secure strategic commodities and infrastructure in subaltern countries, which is intensifying conflict and food insecurity, and revising international norms in favour of reasserting sovereign rights. The global political–economic contestation and, especially, the associated normative regression are permissive of political and military triggers of famine.</p>","PeriodicalId":48088,"journal":{"name":"Disasters","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11603759/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ukrainian refugees in Romania: perception and social challenges 罗马尼亚境内的乌克兰难民：观念和社会挑战。
IF 2.4 3区 管理学
Disasters Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12660
Bianca Mitrică, Dan Bălteanu, Nicoleta Damian, Despina Saghin, Irinel Precup, Marin Ilieș, Maria-Magdalena Lupchian
{"title":"Ukrainian refugees in Romania: perception and social challenges","authors":"Bianca Mitrică,&nbsp;Dan Bălteanu,&nbsp;Nicoleta Damian,&nbsp;Despina Saghin,&nbsp;Irinel Precup,&nbsp;Marin Ilieș,&nbsp;Maria-Magdalena Lupchian","doi":"10.1111/disa.12660","DOIUrl":"10.1111/disa.12660","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Millions of people from Ukraine have been forced to flee their homes to seek safety, protection, and assistance owing to armed conflict. This study aims to draw a parallel between the meaning and importance of the initial impact of Russian military aggression in February 2022 and the recent plight of Ukrainian refugees on Romania's territory. It is based on the results of a dedicated thematic survey of Ukrainian refugees as part of fieldwork carried out by the authors between March and April 2022 and a survey launched by the United Nations Refugee Agency in Romania between October 2022 and August 2023. The study emphasises the importance of raising awareness and building solidarity and support to counterbalance the effects of the crisis with respect to: (i) refugees in their hometowns and losses incurred; (ii) refugees' needs, help provided, and expectations; (iii) the need to integrate refugees into different fields of daily life; and (iv) a return to Ukraine.</p>","PeriodicalId":48088,"journal":{"name":"Disasters","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142407020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Humanitarianism as a tool of statecraft: contested authority, sovereign violence, and humanity in the Syrian civil war 作为治国工具的人道主义：叙利亚内战中的有争议的权威、主权暴力和人道。
IF 2.4 3区 管理学
Disasters Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12659
Ümit Seven
{"title":"Humanitarianism as a tool of statecraft: contested authority, sovereign violence, and humanity in the Syrian civil war","authors":"Ümit Seven","doi":"10.1111/disa.12659","DOIUrl":"10.1111/disa.12659","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This research explores the dynamics of interaction between the sovereign state and international humanitarian organisations in alleviating human suffering in the Syrian civil war. Considering civil wars as a rupture in sovereignty, its focus is on the practices of the sovereign state within its social context and the resulting implications for aid organisations. I argue that the Syrian regime has employed state violence, in tandem with administrative and bureaucratic impediments, to reassert its sovereign authority in humanitarian decision-making processes. This exercise of sovereign power is intertwined with the actions of aid organisations, thereby reshaping power dynamics among the state, aid organisations, and vulnerable populations. Through a qualitative method, I show that the deployment of state violence concomitantly pushes aid organisations, specifically the United Nations, towards enforcing the state sovereignty defined by the regime. As an effect of assertive sovereignty, interpretations of humanitarian principles and practices are continuously negotiated and constructed differently by aid organisations, even though they share a common overarching goal.</p>","PeriodicalId":48088,"journal":{"name":"Disasters","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11603527/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142337083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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