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Humanitarianism as a tool of statecraft: contested authority, sovereign violence, and humanity in the Syrian civil war. 作为治国工具的人道主义：叙利亚内战中的有争议的权威、主权暴力和人道。
IF 2.4 3区 管理学
Disasters Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12659
Ümit Seven
{"title":"Humanitarianism as a tool of statecraft: contested authority, sovereign violence, and humanity in the Syrian civil war.","authors":"Ümit Seven","doi":"10.1111/disa.12659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12659","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research explores the dynamics of interaction between the sovereign state and international humanitarian organisations in alleviating human suffering in the Syrian civil war. Considering civil wars as a rupture in sovereignty, its focus is on the practices of the sovereign state within its social context and the resulting implications for aid organisations. I argue that the Syrian regime has employed state violence, in tandem with administrative and bureaucratic impediments, to reassert its sovereign authority in humanitarian decision-making processes. This exercise of sovereign power is intertwined with the actions of aid organisations, thereby reshaping power dynamics among the state, aid organisations, and vulnerable populations. Through a qualitative method, I show that the deployment of state violence concomitantly pushes aid organisations, specifically the United Nations, towards enforcing the state sovereignty defined by the regime. As an effect of assertive sovereignty, interpretations of humanitarian principles and practices are continuously negotiated and constructed differently by aid organisations, even though they share a common overarching goal.</p>","PeriodicalId":48088,"journal":{"name":"Disasters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142337083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Solidarity in disaster scholarship 灾害奖学金中的团结
IF 3.2 3区 管理学
Disasters Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12657
Ksenia Chmutina, Jason von Meding, Darien Alexander Williams, Jacob Remes, Wesley Cheek, Kaira Zoe Alburo‐Cañete
{"title":"Solidarity in disaster scholarship","authors":"Ksenia Chmutina, Jason von Meding, Darien Alexander Williams, Jacob Remes, Wesley Cheek, Kaira Zoe Alburo‐Cañete","doi":"10.1111/disa.12657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12657","url":null,"abstract":"Disaster scholarship purportedly promotes disaster risk reduction and resists disaster risk creation, thereby deeply engaging with transboundary existential risks, justice, and political power. It is thus a commitment to humanity, and for it to become truly equitable and just, solidarity must lie at its heart. In this paper we connect solidarity with knowledge production and assess the implications of disaster scholarship and the relationships on which it is built. We offer a critique of the kind of research produced by neoliberal academic institutions and provocations for resistance through solidarity. We call on disaster scholars to use these prompts to reflect on their practice, research ethics, and their commitment to other human beings, inside and outside of the academy. Solidarity can help scholars to avoid the saviourism, self‐congratulation, and paternalism that are common in academia. Solidarity in disaster scholarship is a worthy endeavour precisely because it yields a concrete alternative vision of resisting disaster risk creation through knowledge production.","PeriodicalId":48088,"journal":{"name":"Disasters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142265162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Interplay between sanctions, donor conditionality, and food insecurity in complex emergencies: the case of Syria 复杂紧急情况下制裁、捐助条件和粮食不安全之间的相互作用：叙利亚案例
IF 3.2 3区 管理学
Disasters Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12656
Mohammad Kanfash
{"title":"Interplay between sanctions, donor conditionality, and food insecurity in complex emergencies: the case of Syria","authors":"Mohammad Kanfash","doi":"10.1111/disa.12656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12656","url":null,"abstract":"Thirteen years into conflict, Syria remains one of the world's major humanitarian crises. Food insecurity has reached unprecedented levels in the country, with millions of civilians facing starvation and hunger. The key drivers of this are conflict‐related, nature‐induced, and, importantly, man‐made policies. Semi‐comprehensive sanctions against the country and donor conditionality vis‐à‐vis humanitarian operators' work are prime examples of the latter. These policies are inextricably linked with food insecurity in Syria and have direct and indirect impacts on it. Understanding the ongoing crisis as a complex emergency, this paper examines the interplay between sanctions, donor conditionality, and food insecurity, an understudied subject in the Syrian context. It explores how sanctions and donor conditionality influence three key dimensions of food security, namely, availability, affordability and economic access, and utilisation, and subsequently worsen the conditions confronting the Syrian population. The paper contributes to discussions on food security in conflict settings and how sanctions negatively affect civilians in targeted countries.","PeriodicalId":48088,"journal":{"name":"Disasters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Community-centred disaster recovery: A call to change the narrative. 以社区为中心的灾后恢复：呼吁改变说法。
IF 2.4 3区 管理学
Disasters Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12655
David Sanderson, Tim Heffernan, Marco DeSisto, Clifford Shearing
{"title":"Community-centred disaster recovery: A call to change the narrative.","authors":"David Sanderson, Tim Heffernan, Marco DeSisto, Clifford Shearing","doi":"10.1111/disa.12655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12655","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper challenges current approaches to undertaking community-centred disaster recovery. Community-centred approaches are widely recognised as 'the gold standard' for effective recovery from disasters. Yet, they are rarely applied well enough in practice. Challenges include the 'authority' culture of command-and-control agencies, the emphasis on discrete recovery time frames, and the reluctance to relinquish centralised control. The paper focuses on people's experiences of community-centred recovery in New South Wales, Australia, which has experienced severe fires and floods since 2019. We undertook key informant interviews and an online survey to inquire into how community-centred recovery is enacted. Our work uncovered widespread dissatisfaction with current practices. The paper discusses key themes emerging from the research and ends with a call to change how community-centred recovery is framed and conducted by responding organisations, to include the underlying causes of vulnerability in recovery, to measure success differently, and to alter the narrative of who 'owns' disasters.</p>","PeriodicalId":48088,"journal":{"name":"Disasters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142127026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Possibilities and limitations of anticipatory action in complex crises: acting in advance of flooding in South Sudan. 复杂危机中预见性行动的可能性和局限性：南苏丹洪灾前的行动。
IF 2.4 3区 管理学
Disasters Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12654
Evan Easton-Calabria
{"title":"Possibilities and limitations of anticipatory action in complex crises: acting in advance of flooding in South Sudan.","authors":"Evan Easton-Calabria","doi":"10.1111/disa.12654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12654","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Little evidence exists on the design and implementation of anticipatory action (AA) in complex crises. This article examines a 2022 United Nations 'early action' pilot in South Sudan in advance of extreme flooding. As a case study of efforts to act in a complex crisis, it contributes to learning on assisting conflict-affected and displaced populations in advance of extreme weather events. The research points towards the possibility and value of implementing forecast-informed early action in complex contexts with limited forecast skills and multiple hazards when trigger-based AA is not possible. It also argues for the need to link AA implemented in complex crises to development and peacebuilding actors and processes. More broadly, examining the perceptions and processes of AA in the form of early action, rather than a formal AA framework, is highly relevant for the AA community as attention is increasingly placed on providing AA in countries affected by fragility and conflict.</p>","PeriodicalId":48088,"journal":{"name":"Disasters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142127027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Connecting efficiency and responsiveness in China: public sentiments and stakeholder perspectives towards COVID-19 crisis governance. 连接中国的效率与响应：公众情绪与利益相关者对 COVID-19 危机治理的看法。
IF 2.4 3区 管理学
Disasters Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12652
Ronghui Yang, Bart Penders, Klasien Horstman
{"title":"Connecting efficiency and responsiveness in China: public sentiments and stakeholder perspectives towards COVID-19 crisis governance.","authors":"Ronghui Yang, Bart Penders, Klasien Horstman","doi":"10.1111/disa.12652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12652","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic initiated debates on how crisis management affects democracy. In them, the balance between deploying control strategies that limit citizens' freedom and their democratic legitimation features prominently. Informed by theoretical debates about responsive crisis governance, this paper explores how Chinese citizens reacted by quantitatively and qualitatively analysing social media expressions and Chinese stakeholders' narratives. The quantitative analysis indicated that public sentiments towards pandemic control were complex and mostly related to the severe pandemic in Wuhan. Negative sentiments were mainly directed at local states; national states largely received respect. The qualitative analysis exhibited more nuances. Although Chinese crisis governance raised efficiency and trust, aggressive accountability efforts and improper information exchange caused justice deficits and public anxiety. Draconian social control misaligned public interests and a lack of specific partnership mechanisms frustrated social participation. Reconciling institutional efficiency with civic liberties on diverse governance levels is thus expected to increase the responsiveness of pandemic control to public demands.</p>","PeriodicalId":48088,"journal":{"name":"Disasters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141907950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Diversified flood governance and related socio-spatial vulnerability in Tana River County, Kenya 肯尼亚塔纳河县多元化洪水治理及相关社会空间脆弱性。
IF 2.4 3区 管理学
Disasters Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12648
Anita Nyapala Okoko
{"title":"Diversified flood governance and related socio-spatial vulnerability in Tana River County, Kenya","authors":"Anita Nyapala Okoko","doi":"10.1111/disa.12648","DOIUrl":"10.1111/disa.12648","url":null,"abstract":"<p>What are the consequential socio-spatial vulnerabilities of fragmentation in flood risk governance (FRG) functions in Tana River County, Kenya? To answer the question, this paper utilises social differentiation theory to establish types and consequences of such fragmentation. It applies theoretical patterns and processes of social differentiation to expose that FRG diversification could result in fragmentation of FRG functions. The study employs an interview strategy that focuses on governmental and non-governmental FRG actors. The results reveal that fragmented FRG functions in Tana River County was not an intentional policy decision, but rather a product of a transitional vacuum between policy promulgation and implementation. Furthermore, socio-spatial vulnerabilities differentiated by patterns and processes related to age, gender, disability, and ethnicity, for instance, are consequential outcomes of fragmented FRG functions in the Tana River floodplains. The study recommends implementation of the National Disaster Management Policy in Tana River County and institutionalisation of a specific FRG policy and legal framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":48088,"journal":{"name":"Disasters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/disa.12648","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141876337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Crisis interpreting and Deaf community understanding during the COVID-19 pandemic: results from a South Korea-based survey. COVID-19 大流行期间的危机口译和聋人社区的理解：韩国调查的结果。
IF 2.4 3区 管理学
Disasters Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12653
Charmhun Jo
{"title":"Crisis interpreting and Deaf community understanding during the COVID-19 pandemic: results from a South Korea-based survey.","authors":"Charmhun Jo","doi":"10.1111/disa.12653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explores the South Korean Deaf community's response to sign language interpreting during the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) health crisis, focusing on individual factors affecting the signers' comprehension. The data were collected from a mobile-based questionnaire survey conducted among 401 Deaf adults; binary probit modelling was adopted to analyse the data. The major findings are: (i) 59.9 per cent of the respondents understood less than 70 per cent of the interpreting; (ii) males and urban residents tend to understand better; (iii) younger people (less than 50 years) and signers with a Bachelor's degree or higher are likely to have lower comprehension; and (iv) Deaf adults who visited a doctor after the COVID-19 outbreak tended to have lower comprehension. The findings demonstrate that individual characteristics, including age, impact significantly on the extent to which Deaf individuals understand the sign language interpreting of COVID-19 information, indicating that steps are needed to achieve a Deaf-inclusive society during a health disaster.</p>","PeriodicalId":48088,"journal":{"name":"Disasters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141749349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Public discourse narratives: from 'Secret Aid Worker' discontent to shifting power in humanitarian systems. 公共话语叙事：从 "秘密援助工作者 "的不满到人道主义系统的权力转移。
IF 2.4 3区 管理学
Disasters Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12651
Hannah Strohmeier, Unni Karunakara, Catherine Panter-Brick
{"title":"Public discourse narratives: from 'Secret Aid Worker' discontent to shifting power in humanitarian systems.","authors":"Hannah Strohmeier, Unni Karunakara, Catherine Panter-Brick","doi":"10.1111/disa.12651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12651","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Public discourse is rich in meaning, reflecting consensus, dissent, and change. Yet, very little public discourse on the humanitarian sector has been authored by aid workers themselves. We conducted a thematic analysis of the 'Secret Aid Worker' (SAW) series, published in The Guardian newspaper between 2015 and 2018, the only corpus of data on humanitarian life experiences publicly accessible through mainstream media. Our research questions were twofold: how did authors frame their work and appraise humanitarian structures?; and how did they reflect and amplify humanitarian issues of the time? The main themes included: personal challenges of humanitarian life; characterisation of stakeholders; and systemic issues within the humanitarian sector. The SAW narratives reveal a powerful discourse of discontent. They planted seeds of change regarding shifting power, coloniality and racism, sexual abuse, and duty of care. We argue that such public discourse has symbolic power, calling for greater accountability, equity, and justice in remaking the future of the humanitarian sector.</p>","PeriodicalId":48088,"journal":{"name":"Disasters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141621226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Disaster preparedness among Asian, Pacific Islander, and Desi American communities 亚裔、太平洋岛民和德西裔美国人社区的备灾情况。
IF 2.4 3区 管理学
Disasters Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12649
Smitha Rao, Joonmo Kang, Joyce Y. Lee, David T. Takeuchi
{"title":"Disaster preparedness among Asian, Pacific Islander, and Desi American communities","authors":"Smitha Rao,&nbsp;Joonmo Kang,&nbsp;Joyce Y. Lee,&nbsp;David T. Takeuchi","doi":"10.1111/disa.12649","DOIUrl":"10.1111/disa.12649","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Disaster experiences and explorations of preparedness among Asian, Pacific Islander, and Desi Americans (APIDA) in the United States are often overlooked owing to their relatively smaller population share. APIDA are not homogenous, and their disaster experiences warrant further examination. This paper does so by investigating disaster preparedness using disaggregated information about APIDA. The study utilises nationally representative data from the 2017 American Housing Survey, analysing sociodemographic covariates. The disaster preparedness score among APIDA communities was approximately 4.81 on a zero to nine scale. APIDA renters and non-US citizens were less prepared than homeowners and US citizens. Among subgroups, Korean, Chinese, and Vietnamese respondents who were non-US citizens were less prepared than those who were US citizens. Marital status was significantly and positively associated with preparedness among Indians, Japanese, Vietnamese, and multiracial respondents. The findings underscore the importance of data disaggregation and tailored preparedness information and resources to address specific challenges APIDA communities face instead of a one-size-fits-all approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":48088,"journal":{"name":"Disasters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/disa.12649","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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