Disasters最新文献

{"title":"Quantifying social capital creation in post-disaster recovery aid in Indonesia: methodological innovation by an AI-based language model","authors":"Daniel Moritz Marutschke,&nbsp;Muhammad Riza Nurdin,&nbsp;Miwa Hirono","doi":"10.1111/disa.12631","DOIUrl":"10.1111/disa.12631","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Smooth interaction with a disaster-affected community can create and strengthen its social capital, leading to greater effectiveness in the provision of successful post-disaster recovery aid. To understand the relationship between the types of interaction, the strength of social capital generated, and the provision of successful post-disaster recovery aid, intricate ethnographic qualitative research is required, but it is likely to remain illustrative because it is based, at least to some degree, on the researcher's intuition. This paper thus offers an innovative research method employing a quantitative artificial intelligence (AI)-based language model, which allows researchers to re-examine data, thereby validating the findings of the qualitative research, and to glean additional insights that might otherwise have been missed. This paper argues that well-connected personnel and religiously-based communal activities help to enhance social capital by bonding within a community and linking to outside agencies and that mixed methods, based on the AI-based language model, effectively strengthen text-based qualitative research.</p>","PeriodicalId":48088,"journal":{"name":"Disasters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/disa.12631","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141301866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Forgotten crises’ as forgotten sites of knowledge production for building lasting peace","authors":"Maria Tanyag","doi":"10.1111/disa.12632","DOIUrl":"10.1111/disa.12632","url":null,"abstract":"<p>‘Forgotten crises’ constitute a permanent background to any present and future global humanitarian and development efforts. They represent a significant impediment to promoting lasting peace given concurrent catastrophes exacerbated by climate change. Yet, they are routinely neglected and remain unresolved. Building on critical and feminist approaches, this paper theorises them as forgotten sites of local knowledge production. It asks: what is local knowledge of and from forgotten crises? How can it be recovered and resignified, and what lessons can such knowledge provide at the global level? Drawing on examples from the intersections of conflict, disasters, and pandemics in the Philippines, the paper makes a case for valuing local knowledge arising from forgotten crises because of its potential contribution to adapting global humanitarian and development systems to address crises on multiple fronts. Such epistemic margins are generative of vantage points that can present a fuller account of how different crises interact and how best to respond to them.</p>","PeriodicalId":48088,"journal":{"name":"Disasters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/disa.12632","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141301837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Islamic faith-based organisations and their role in building social capital for post-disaster recovery in Indonesia","authors":"Muhammad Riza Nurdin","doi":"10.1111/disa.12635","DOIUrl":"10.1111/disa.12635","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper investigates the role of Islamic faith-based organisations (FBOs) in Indonesia and examines the way in which their disaster recovery aid can be successful or less successful depending on social capital formation in communities affected by a disaster. The paper argues that Islamic FBOs play a prominent role in disaster-affected communities by building new social capital or strengthening existing social capital. Failure to do so may affect a community's recovery and its long-term resilience. Applying a framework that considers three types of social capital—bonding, bridging, and linking—from a comparative perspective, the paper discusses two cases of disaster recovery: one following the earthquake that struck Aceh in 2013; and the other after the Mount Kelud volcanic eruptions in East Java in 2014. In both instances, the findings highlight the importance of the village facilitator, cultural sensitivity, and understanding of local indigenous and religious practices for successful disaster recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":48088,"journal":{"name":"Disasters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/disa.12635","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141301838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-tropical cyclone Fiona and Atlantic Canada: Media framing of hazard risk in the Anthropocene","authors":"Adam M. Straub","doi":"10.1111/disa.12641","DOIUrl":"10.1111/disa.12641","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Post-tropical cyclone Fiona made landfall in Nova Scotia, Canada, in September 2022 with the force of a Category 2 hurricane. Using ‘risk society’ as an analytical framework, and Thomas A. Birkland's ‘focusing event’ concept, this paper seeks to understand how publics construct risk in the context of climate change and how institutions engage with those narratives. A qualitative content analysis of 439 newspaper articles from across Canada reveals that most media provide a superficial description of hazard impacts. When media are critical, they connect Fiona to climate change, other extreme events, social vulnerability, and systemic inequality. In response to Fiona and industry trends, insurance representatives indicate a withdraw from covering low-probability, high-consequence events owing to ambiguity in risk analysis and financial interests, complicating hazard relief. Political actors' rhetoric is strong—delivering relief in unprecedented ways and offering new adaptive policy. However, a history of unfulfilled political promises to act on climate change elicits scepticism from media sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":48088,"journal":{"name":"Disasters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141301839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The coloniality of power in Uganda's Nakivale Refugee Settlement: struggling for humanitarian authority amidst the 2018 corruption scandal","authors":"Jolien Tegenbos","doi":"10.1111/disa.12626","DOIUrl":"10.1111/disa.12626","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper addresses the complexity of studying the coloniality of humanitarianism and present-day relationships of power and authority in refugee settings. Building on 13 months of fieldwork, it presents an ethnographic account of the 2018 refugee corruption scandal in Uganda and the Nakivale Refugee Settlement. The core of this paper's argument is based on a grounded analysis of how ‘the saga’ not only exposed corruptive practices in the country's refugee programme, but also the meanings of being ‘human’ and what this implies for making claims to humanitarian authority. The paper asserts that the way in which the scandal unravelled in the (inter)national media, and how it affected sociopolitical tensions in the camp, revealed a deeply fraught conception of both human and humanitarian duality, embedded in a coloniality of power. Ultimately, power imbalances, frictions, and conflicts between national, international, and refugee actors highlighted a deep-rooted and historical struggle for humanity and legitimate humanitarian authority.</p>","PeriodicalId":48088,"journal":{"name":"Disasters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141263123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating science-based and local ecological knowledge: a case study of mangrove restoration and rehabilitation projects in the Philippines","authors":"Gian Powell B. Marquez,&nbsp;Ronald Dionnie Olavides","doi":"10.1111/disa.12630","DOIUrl":"10.1111/disa.12630","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mangrove forest is an ecosystem-based solution for disaster risk reduction in the Philippines, but its historical deforestation has hampered its capacity to protect coastal communities. With the increasing occurrence of storm surge in the Philippines, mangrove reforestation projects have received renewed attention, but many have failed. Community participation was deemed to be essential in those projects that did well. Hence, this paper examines successful mangrove restoration and rehabilitation projects in the Philippines to find out how community participation contributed to the accomplishments. The study found that while the transfer of science-based ecological knowledge from project managers to the community is an important factor in ensuring successful initial planning and implementation, its integration into existing local ecological knowledge—‘localisation’ of science-based ecological knowledge or hybrid ecological knowledge formation—helped to facilitate long-term community-based mangrove management beyond project duration by empowering community members and enabling project acceptance and ownership. Still, continuous local institutional support is a necessary anchor for community resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":48088,"journal":{"name":"Disasters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/disa.12630","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141263112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental models for inclusive, socially-just disaster planning: a multi-community study in Saint Martin after Hurricane Irma","authors":"Laurent Frapaise,&nbsp;Kelsi Furman,&nbsp;Steven B. Scyphers,&nbsp;Laura Kuhl","doi":"10.1111/disa.12627","DOIUrl":"10.1111/disa.12627","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Local perspectives provide different insights into disaster planning and response as compared to those of experts. Eliciting them, however, can be challenging, particularly for marginalised groups whose viewpoints have historically been excluded from planning processes. Fuzzy cognitive mapping (FCM) provides a semi-quantitative approach to representing the collective understanding or ‘mental models’ of diverse individuals and communities. This study involved 23 FCM interviews across three neighbourhoods of Saint Martin to comprehend: (i) how individuals' mental models of Hurricane Irma (2017) differ based on their context; (ii) how aligned mental models are with policy and planning documents; and (iii) the implications for the inclusiveness and representativeness of disaster response policies. It found that the residents of different neighbourhoods provided unique insights into the factors driving the social-ecological system, and that official policies aligned closely with priorities. The paper argues that the inclusion of the perspectives of different groups in disaster recovery is essential for an equitable process.</p>","PeriodicalId":48088,"journal":{"name":"Disasters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/disa.12627","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141263120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A positive yet complicated case of gender-based violence coordination: a qualitative study of Lebanon's protracted humanitarian emergency, 2012–22","authors":"Philomena Raftery,&nbsp;Jinan Usta,&nbsp;Mazeda Hossain,&nbsp;Jennifer Palmer","doi":"10.1111/disa.12625","DOIUrl":"10.1111/disa.12625","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Gender-based violence (GBV), a global health and human rights concern, often intensifies during emergencies. This paper explores the evolution of GBV coordination in Lebanon's protracted Syrian refugee crisis from 2012–22. Utilising 38 in-depth interviews and a document review, the findings were analysed using the framework for effective GBV coordination. Lebanon provides a positive yet complicated example of GBV coordination. Initially established to address the refugee crisis, it matured into a collaborative national coordination mechanism, fostering trust and advancing localisation amidst sectarian complexities. However, the volatile, restrictive policy context hindered government co-leadership and engagement with refugee-led organisations. While essential GBV response services were expanded nationwide, lack of an interagency strategy on GBV risk mitigation and prevention compromised lasting change. The paper emphasises the importance of dedicated GBV coordinators, multi-year funding, and increased attention to GBV prevention. The findings underscore the transformative potential of humanitarian responses and advocate for enhanced engagement with national stakeholders to promote sustainability in protracted crises.</p>","PeriodicalId":48088,"journal":{"name":"Disasters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/disa.12625","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141263063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A ‘te ao Māori’ disaster risk reduction framework","authors":"Matthew Rout,&nbsp;Shaun Awatere,&nbsp;John Reid,&nbsp;Emily Campbell,&nbsp;Annie Huang,&nbsp;Tui Warmenhoven","doi":"10.1111/disa.12622","DOIUrl":"10.1111/disa.12622","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An ongoing change in legislation means decision-makers in Aotearoa New Zealand need to incorporate ‘mātauranga’ (Māori knowledge/knowledge system) in central and local government legislation and strategy. This paper develops a ‘te ao Māori’ (Māori worldview) disaster risk reduction (DRR) framework for non-Māori decision-makers to guide them through this process. This ‘interface framework’ will function as a Rosetta Stone between the ‘two worlds’. It intends to help central and local officials trained in Western knowledge-based disciplines by translating standard DRR concepts into a te ao Māori DRR framework. It draws on previous work examining Māori DRR thinking to create a novel framework that can help these stakeholders when they are converting higher-level theoretical insights from mātauranga Māori into more practical ‘on the ground’ applications. This type of interface is essential: while Indigenous knowledge's utility is increasingly recognised nationally and internationally, a gap remains between this acknowledgement and its practical and applied integration into emergency management legislation and strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":48088,"journal":{"name":"Disasters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/disa.12622","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140159335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interconnections between children's upbringing, camps, and post-war villages: caregivers' lived experiences in northern Uganda","authors":"Leen De Nutte,&nbsp;Lucia De Haene,&nbsp;Ilse Derluyn","doi":"10.1111/disa.12624","DOIUrl":"10.1111/disa.12624","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Since the end of the Second World War in 1945, the erection of camps within and across state borders has become the most common response to the influx of displaced persons. Based on empirical evidence from northern Uganda, this paper aims to provide answers to two main questions: (i) how does the camp influence and frame the upbringing of children?; and (ii) how do caregivers shape and adjust upbringing within this setting and when they return to their ‘former homes’ ? Interviews and focus-group discussions were conducted with 48 caregivers living in Kitgum District, northern Uganda. Deductive thematic analysis was employed to structure participants' accounts of past and present interconnections between upbringing and (previous) encampment. By paying close attention to their (counter-)narratives, people's agency and coping are emphasised through the simultaneous forging of new interconnections (that is, discontinuities) and holding on to old interconnections (that is, continuities) between upbringing, the camp, and the post-war village.</p><p>أصبح إقامة المخيمات داخل حدود الدول وعبرها الاستجابة الأكثر شيوعًا لتدفق النازحين منذ نهاية الحرب العالمية الثانية، واستنادًا إلى الأدلة التجريبية في شمال أوغندا، تهدف هذه الورقة البحثية إلى تقديم نظرة ثاقبة لسؤالين رئيسيين: (1) كيف تؤثر المخيمات على تنشئة الأطفال وتؤطرها؟، و(2) كيف يشكل مقدمو الرعاية التنشئة ويعدلونها في هذه البيئة وعند عودتهم إلى ”ديارهم السابقة“؟ أُجريت مقابلات ومناقشات جماعية مركزة مع 48 من مقدمي الرعاية الذين يعيشون في منطقة كيتجوم بشمال أوغندا، واُستخدم التحليل المواضيعي الاستنتاجي لتنظيم شهادات المشاركين حول الترابطات السابقة والحالية بين التنشئة والمخيمات (السابقة)، ومن خلال إيلاء اهتمام وثيق لسردياتهم (المقابلة)، تتأكد وكالة الناس وتأقلمهم من خلال الصياغة المتزامنة لترابطات جديدة (أي، الانقطاع) والتمسك بالترابطات السابقة (أي، الاستمرارية) بين التنشئة، والمخيمات، والقرى ما بعد الحرب.</p><p>自第二次世界大战结束以来，在国境内和跨境建立营地成为应对流离失所者流入的最常见手段。根据乌干达北部的实证证据，本论文旨在为两个主要问题提供见解：（1）营地如何影响和构架儿童的教养？；和（2）护理者如何在这个背景下以及在返回“以前的家”后塑造和调整教养？访谈和焦点小组讨论在居住于乌干达北部基特古姆区的48名护理者的参与下举行。采用演绎主题分析以建造参与者关于教养和（过去）宿营之间的过去和现在的相互联系的叙述。经由密切地关注他们的（反）叙事，强调人们在教养、营地和战后村庄之间同时建立新的相互联系（即不连续性）及保持过去的相互联系（即连续性）的能动性和因应能力。</p>","PeriodicalId":48088,"journal":{"name":"Disasters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140029276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}