{"title":"Regulatory fragmentation and internal control weaknesses","authors":"Hongkang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2024.107191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2024.107191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines the relationship between regulatory fragmentation and internal control weaknesses in U.S. firms using a dataset sourced from the Federal Register. The findings reveal a significant negative association between regulatory fragmentation and the likelihood of internal control weaknesses. The study further finds that regulatory fragmentation reduces the number of internal control weaknesses. These results suggest that regulatory fragmentation plays a beneficial role in enhancing the effectiveness of internal control mechanisms. Alternative empirical specifications and identification strategies are employed to address endogeneity concerns, supporting the robustness of the main findings. Unlike existing literature emphasizing the adverse effect of regulatory fragmentation, this study highlights the benefits of coordinated regulatory fragmentation in mitigating internal control vulnerabilities and strengthening corporate governance. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and companies, emphasizing the need to consider regulatory fragmentation as a means to enhance internal control practices and promote stronger corporate governance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 107191"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139901413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intraday disclosure timing deviations and their implications for financial reporting","authors":"Jennifer Wu Tucker , Angie Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The same management team makes multiple reporting and disclosure decisions under similar incentives based on input from the same information system. We examine whether the way in which a firm makes minor disclosure decisions is a telltale sign for outsiders to evaluate seemingly unrelated but more consequential financial reporting decisions. We find that a firm that uses a different intraday window from its recent pattern to release an earnings announcement during a fiscal year (a minor decision) tends to report a larger magnitude of discretionary accruals for that year (a major decision). This association is attributable to both managerial opportunism and ineffective accounting information systems. These findings are driven by firms that temporarily deviate from their existing patterns instead of firms that appear to change their intraday release policies. Furthermore, firms with temporary deviations have significantly lower stock returns than firms without deviations in the one to six months after the last earnings announcement made in the fiscal year.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 107177"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139581312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tuan Ho , Edward Lee , Gerald J. Lobo , Zhenmei Zhu
{"title":"Is the mispricing of bank earnings related to financial regulation uncertainty?","authors":"Tuan Ho , Edward Lee , Gerald J. Lobo , Zhenmei Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2024.107180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2024.107180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We examine the impact of financial regulation uncertainty on the mispricing of earnings in the banking sector. To the extent that the uncertainty generated by the regulatory process can trigger opinion divergence (rational attention), we expect it to delay (accelerate) share price responses to banks’ earnings news. Consistent with the dominance of the opinion divergence effect, we show that such uncertainty is positively associated with banks’ post-earnings announcement drift and this effect is stronger among banks that are more sensitive to financial regulatory uncertainty. Further analyses through analyst forecast error, analyst forecast dispersion, and idiosyncratic return volatility provide corroborative evidence of opinion divergence. Our findings remain consistent after a series of robustness tests. Although financial regulations seek to provide capital market stability, our evidence implies that regulatory uncertainty can invoke negative externalities on market information efficiency.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 107180"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139581392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The mandatory audit partner rotation policy and cost of debt","authors":"Yaohua Qin, He Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2024.107182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2024.107182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We examine the effect of mandatory audit partner rotation (MAPR) on the ex-ante cost of debt in the Chinese bond market. We find that the ex-ante annual bond yield spread significantly decreases in the year immediately after MAPR. This finding suggests that bond market investors value the net benefits of the MAPR policy and recognize the fresh-eyes effect of the new audit partner. Additional path analysis suggests that audit quality and market-based information asymmetry are significant channels through which MAPR reduces the ex-ante cost of debt. In addition, the effect is more pronounced for clients audited by Big 6 audit firms than by non-Big 6 auditors, and for clients with new audit partners who possess greater industry expertise than with less experienced audit partners. This indicates the role played by audit firms in reducing rotation costs and ensuring continuity in audit work. All of the findings hold after a set of robustness tests. Overall, the results provide empirical evidence demonstrating investors’ positive attitudes toward the MAPR policy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 107182"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139654120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lin Li , Peter Lam , Wilson H.S. Tong , Justin Law
{"title":"CEO turnovers due to poor industry performances: An examination of the boards’ retention criteria","authors":"Lin Li , Peter Lam , Wilson H.S. Tong , Justin Law","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2024.107178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2024.107178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Numerous studies examine CEO turnover but rarely in the context of business cycles. We demonstrate that the role of the set of turnover decision parameters could change according to industry conditions. Specifically, idiosyncratic returns are more conducive to forced CEO turnover probabilities during recessions than during booms, whereas the opposite is true for industry returns. We provide evidence supporting that idiosyncratic returns are more correlated with managerial ability and stock prices are more informative during recessions. Our findings shed light on how CEOs are assessed by company boards when making turnover decisions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 107178"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139548734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C.S. Agnes Cheng , Liangliang Jiang , Wei-Ling Song
{"title":"Media coverage and debt financing choice","authors":"C.S. Agnes Cheng , Liangliang Jiang , Wei-Ling Song","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2024.107181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2024.107181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Extant literature has established the roles of media coverage in the financial system as an important information source and an integrated part of corporate governance, often through its substitution effects with other mechanisms. However, in this study, we utilize negative news sentiment to demonstrate how media coverage can also complement other governance devices, such as private debt and concentrated equity ownership. Firms facing negative news are riskier and require greater monitoring, thus necessitating the complementarity of multiple governance mechanisms to circumvent the negative attributes of firms seeking external debt financing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 107181"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139517098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Minority shareholders and tax avoidance","authors":"Antonio De Vito","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2024.107179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2024.107179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>This paper examines whether and how external country-level corporate governance devices affect corporate </span>tax avoidance. Using a panel of public firms across 33 countries, I show that laws empowering minority shareholders hinder corporate tax avoidance, consistent with shareholder protection laws spilling over to tax avoidance through reduced income diversion. I corroborate the validity of these findings using a major corporate governance reform in Italy. In cross-sectional tests, I further document that firms in countries with stricter transfer pricing rules and stronger tax enforcement reduce tax avoidance to a larger extent. Finally, through </span>path analysis<span>, I provide evidence consistent with firms shifting less income to foreign countries in response to stronger minority shareholder rights. Overall, these findings suggest that minority shareholder protection laws can safeguard outside investors and the government against expropriation by insiders.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 107179"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139503975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Managerial overconfidence and classification shifting","authors":"Heeick Choi , Huiqi Gan , SangHyun Suh","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>This study examines whether overconfident CEOs engage in classification shifting. We find that managerial overconfidence is related to an increase in unexpected core earnings via reclassifying recurring expenses as special items. This finding is robust to controlling for firms’ propensity to engage in accruals management and real earnings management, using a subsample of non-zero income-decreasing special items, employing alternative measures of overconfidence, and controlling for CEO and firm fixed effects. We further find that overconfident CEOs are more likely to engage in classification shifting when the incentives are stronger, i.e., when CEOs want to meet or beat analyst forecasts, when CEOs’ pay is highly sensitive to core earnings, and when CEOs have low managerial ability. Overconfident CEOs are also more likely to engage in classification shifting when there are more opportunities for misconduct, i.e., when financial statement comparability is low and when the CEO can use opportunistic special items to misclassify expenses. Overall, we find that overconfident CEOs are </span><em>intentionally</em>, rather than unintentionally, engaging in classification shifting to boost core earnings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 107176"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139100594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How do investors perceive corporate general counsel? The role of monitoring and advising demand","authors":"Zhihong Chen , Yun Ke , Ke Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We find that firms with a general counsel (GC) in top management (GC firms) have a higher ex-ante cost of equity implied in stock prices and analysts’ earnings forecasts. Lead-lag changes analysis shows that the cost of equity increases after, but not before, the appointment of GCs to top management. Cross-sectional analyses suggest that the cost of equity difference between GC and non-GC firms and the cost of equity increase following the appointment of GCs to top management are more pronounced for firms with greater monitoring demand and less pronounced for firms with greater advising demand. We also observe negative market reactions to proxy statements that reveal the appointment of a GC to top management. Finally, our falsification tests find no evidence that investors react to the addition of Chief Marketing Officers, Chief Operating Officers, or Chief Financial Officers to top management. Overall, our results suggest that investors’ perceptions of including GCs in top management depend on the firm’s demand for monitoring and advising.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 107175"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139066719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jere R. Francis , Nargess M. Golshan , Inder K. Khurana
{"title":"Local peers and corporate reporting behavior","authors":"Jere R. Francis , Nargess M. Golshan , Inder K. Khurana","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We find that firms exhibit greater earnings similarity when compared to industry peers in the same city, as the number of local peers increases. This is due to the potential adverse consequences of underperforming relative to local peers. As the number of local peers increases, there is increased local competition, which creates pressure to perform as well as competitors. Firms respond to this pressure by exhibiting earnings similarity to meet market expectations and to take advantage of external financing and growth opportunities. However, we show that this mimicking behavior creates a false similarity and is achieved by firms reporting higher levels of unexpected accruals. This is consistent with the idea that mimicking allows firms to maintain their relative performance with local rivals. These results continue to hold for a sample of firms that move to a location with a higher number of local peers than their initial location. We also find that firms in cities with more peers have a greater likelihood of earnings misstatements. In cross-sectional analyses, the adverse effect of more local peers on earnings quality is stronger for firms with greater market attention, where external financing dependence is higher, and among firms in locations with more growth opportunities. Overall, our evidence points to geographic proximity as a key mechanism in a firm’s reporting behavior in that firms mimic to produce a false similarity in earnings that is achieved through accruals management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 107174"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139027903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}