{"title":"China audit research: Achievements, challenges, and opportunities","authors":"Jeffrey Pittman , Zhifeng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2022.106962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2022.106962","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"42 6","pages":"Article 106962"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48705561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Why bigger is not stronger? A perspective on auditor groups and audit quality","authors":"Shengnan Li , Feng Liu , Fan Ye , Michael D. Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper examines how the existence of auditor groups in accounting firms affects audit quality, using the unique regulatory and institutional settings of China. We define the auditor group as a cohort of exclusively and mutually cooperative and risk-sharing auditors who co-sign audit reports. Using hand-collected data on individual auditors and audit firms from 2010 to 2013, we identify 1,873 auditor groups and find that large auditor groups provide higher audit quality, measured as the propensity to issue qualified audit opinions. We show that audit quality varies among different auditor groups within audit firms. These findings indicate that the auditor group, rather than the audit firm or office, is the core decision-making and responsibility unit in the market for audit services in China. Our paper speaks to the literature on China’s bigger and stronger policy from a novel perspective of auditor groups inside the audit firm, and points out the importance of considering the internal structure of audit firms to better understand the relationship between audit firm size and audit quality, as suggested in <span>DeAngelo (1981)</span>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"42 6","pages":"Article 107099"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48054686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Auditors’ hometown ties and audit quality","authors":"Yingwen Deng , Ziyi Zhang , Yunjing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigate the relationship between hometown ties among the engagement and review auditors and audit quality by utilizing the data of signing auditors’ hometowns in China during 2007–2019. The results show that hometown ties between the engagement and review auditors are negatively associated with audit quality, as hometown ties can impair peer monitoring and reduce team diversity. Through cross-sectional analyses, we observe that this negative association is mitigated when signing auditors are from Big 10 audit firms, when clients are subject to stronger external supervision, and when signing auditor teams have a higher level of diversity. Besides, the additional analysis indicates that investors perceive the compromised audit quality associated with hometown ties and discount the value of firms. The main result holds in robustness tests and when considering potential endogeneity. Our study adds to the existing literature on audit teams and provides practical and policy insights.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"42 6","pages":"Article 107137"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135387791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Short-sale constraints and firm investment efficiency: Evidence from a natural experiment","authors":"Zhihong Chen , Siwen Fu , Ke Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We examine the causal effect of relaxing short-sale constraints on firm investment efficiency using the experiment of the SEC Regulation SHO pilot program. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we find significant treatment effects of the pilot program on mitigating both underinvestment and overinvestment during the pilot period. These treatment effects disappear after the end of the pilot program. The effect on mitigating underinvestment is stronger for firms with severe financial constraints before the pilot period. The pilot program mitigates underinvestment and alleviates financing constraints more for pilot firms that experienced greater improvement in price efficiency after the pilot program began. The effect of the pilot program on mitigating overinvestment is more pronounced for firms with weaker governance and firms with more severe agency problems before the pilot period. These results suggest that relaxing short-sale constraints mitigates underinvestment through the external financing channel by improving price efficiency that alleviate financial constraints; and mitigates overinvestment through the managerial incentive channel by strengthening the disciplinary role of short sellers that enhances managers’ incentives to take correct actions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"42 6","pages":"Article 107149"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135605358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lacey Donley , Joseph Legoria , Kenneth J. Reichelt , Stephanie Walton
{"title":"Chinese auditor inspection access challenges: The market’s response to integrated US regulatory and legislative action","authors":"Lacey Donley , Joseph Legoria , Kenneth J. Reichelt , Stephanie Walton","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We examine the impact of mounting regulator interest in US-listed Chinese firms facing PCAOB inspection access challenges. Our study provides evidence of the market’s response to five events taking place from 2018 to 2020. Collectively, these events mark the first-ever integrated regulatory and legislative response from the PCAOB, SEC, and US legislature since initiation of the PCAOB’s international inspection program. First, we consider whether the PCAOB’s eighth annual update of inaccessible jurisdictions is newsworthy to investors. Next, we consider investors’ perceptions of audit quality risks and delisting risks among Chinese firms. We find that the market does respond negatively towards cross-listed Chinese firms following PCAOB, SEC, and US legislative action. Results further suggest that market reactions are motivated by investors’ perception of a delisting risk among Chinese firms. This observation is most salient among small Chinese firms having fewer listing alternatives outside of the US.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"42 6","pages":"Article 107110"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42698707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Political grammars of justification and cost-benefit analysis in SEC rulemaking","authors":"Lisa Baudot , Dana Wallace","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigate how financial regulators justify rulemaking decisions on socially oriented disclosure rules through evidence-based policymaking (EBPM) mechanisms. To do so, we analyze the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) justifications within the cost-benefit analysis (CBA) it performs when promulgating the conflict minerals disclosure rule mandated by the U.S. Congress. We use a grammatical approach to analyze the SEC’s justificatory discourse wherein a grammar represents implicit rules that actors follow to be recognized as acting appropriately. We find that six key justifications comprise the SEC’s CBA discourse. These justifications reflect public, natural, and realist grammars that connect the SEC’s justifications in a way that aims to legitimize SEC decisions. Specifically, the SEC’s public grammar suggests that the Congressional mandate increases benefits to society and to market participants and increases costs to issuers. The SEC’s discretionary rulemaking, however, reflects a realist grammar that primarily justifies decreased costs to issuers. The SEC’s realist grammar is buffered by a natural grammar in which the SEC supports its justifications by mobilizing constituent comment letters regarding the rule’s costs while paying less attention to evidence consistent with the rule’s benefits. Overall, our evidence indicates regulators employ CBA, a purportedly objective, evidence-based endeavor, to justify tradeoffs between social and financial objectives when regulating social mandates, suggesting the political nature of EBPM mechanisms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"42 6","pages":"Article 107148"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135389957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yingwen Guo , Yingjie Guo , Phyllis Lai Lan Mo , Xu Zhang
{"title":"Partner-Level internal control opinion shopping and its economic consequences: Evidence from “SOX 404” in an emerging market","authors":"Yingwen Guo , Yingjie Guo , Phyllis Lai Lan Mo , Xu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2022.107056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2022.107056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines whether firms engage in internal control opinion shopping (ICOS) at audit partner level and its economic consequences. Based on the Chinese setting where the identities of audit partners are publicly disclosed and the requirements for internal control reporting are akin to SOX 404, we do find that firms successfully engage in ICOS at partner level. Furthermore, partner-level ICOS is associated with lower earnings quality and more tunneling activities. However, it seems that investors are not able to perceive the ICOS behavior, as evidenced by the indistinguishable market reactions to earnings announcements between ICOS firms and their counterparts. Moreover, successful partner-level ICOS firms do not remedy their internal control weaknesses in a timely manner and are more likely to receive sanctions from regulators. Further analyses suggest that firms engaged in partner-level ICOS are more likely to be charged with higher audit fees and firms whose CEOs are about to retire in the near future are more likely to conduct ICOS. This study fills the gap in the literature by investigating the outcomes of and market reactions to opinion shopping in the context of internal controls.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"42 6","pages":"Article 107056"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42766518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Auditors’ sensitivity to business risk under business risk auditing","authors":"Huihui Shen , Liansheng Wu , Jason Zezhong Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study uses Chinese data and a difference-in-differences design to investigate the effect of the adoption of business risk auditing (BRA) on auditors’ sensitivity to business risk. We find that BRA adoption has an incremental positive effect on the relationship between business risk and audit hours in non-state-owned enterprises (NSOEs) but not in state-owned enterprises (SOEs). This result suggests that BRA increases auditors’ sensitivity to business risk in NSOEs. This effect is more pronounced when a client firm has a more complex business or the auditor is a non-Big10 domestic audit firm. The results of further tests show that an increase in audit hours due to BRA adoption results in an improvement in audit quality in NSOEs but not in SOEs. In addition, BRA adoption also has an incremental positive effect on the relationship between business risk and audit fees in NSOEs but not in SOEs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"42 6","pages":"Article 107113"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47037222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Feiyang Cheng , Jing Liao , Xutang Liu , Ahmet Sensoy , Shouyu Yao
{"title":"Local happiness and corporate financial misconduct: Does happiness reduce organizational opportunistic behavior?","authors":"Feiyang Cheng , Jing Liao , Xutang Liu , Ahmet Sensoy , Shouyu Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study explores the impact of local happiness on corporate financial misconduct. Using large-scale survey data to construct the measurement of the local happiness level, we find that firms headquartered in happier regions are less likely to engage in financial misconduct. Our mechanism analysis indicates that local happiness promotes the building of regional social capital and the cost of misconduct is higher in regions with higher happiness levels, which explains the mitigating effect of local happiness on corporate misconduct. Moreover, the effect of local happiness is more salient when firms are in regions with a lower level of marketization<span> and less financial supervision expenditures and firms with weaker corporate governance mechanisms and risk tolerance. Our results highlight that happiness, a measure of subjective well-being, can serve as a substitute for formal institutions to alleviate organizational misconduct, especially when formal institutions are weak.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"42 6","pages":"Article 107157"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135220907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial for the special issue on auditing and public policy in China","authors":"Bingxuan Lin , Liansheng Wu , Jason Zezhong Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107154","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"42 6","pages":"Article 107154"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135763051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}