{"title":"Does the tax deductibility of interest affect financial reporting?","authors":"Shawn X. Huang , Kenneth J. Klassen , Kaishu Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2025.107339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2025.107339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many countries have imposed tax policies that limit interest deductions to specified leverage ratios to fight aggressive income shifting and to achieve other public policy goals. Implementing these thin capitalization tax rules reduces the incentives to use debt unrelated to the relation between the firm and its debtholders. We posit that, as a result of the effect of the rules on debt levels, firms subject to these rules reduce their conservative financial reporting as compared to other firms in these countries. Tests employ a large sample of firms in OECD countries who introduced thin capitalization rules from 1985 to 2014, and a second sample of U.S. firms around the implementation of earnings-based interest limits under the <em>Tax Cuts and Jobs Act</em>. Exploiting these two settings and difference-in-differences research designs, we provide evidence that the adoption of tax deductibility limits reduces conditional conservatism of firms’ financial reporting. Our findings suggest that the tax rules affecting the deductibility of interest have important impacts on corporate financial reporting and may also have unintended consequences for other decisions of interest to policy makers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 107339"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Negative interest rates and corporate tax behavior in banks","authors":"Alexander Edwards , Michael Marin , Yuchen Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2025.107337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2025.107337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using a sample of OECD domestic banks and a difference-in-difference research design, we examine the impact of Negative Interest Rate (NIR) regimes on corporate tax behavior. We document that the introduction of NIRs is associated with a 2.3 to 2.6 percentage point decrease in effective tax rates. The effect of NIRs is more pronounced in banks with lower distance to default, and in countries with lower tax enforcement or lower trust in the government. Collectively, our results suggest that the increased costs associated with NIRs are borne by commercial banks which lead to an increase in their respective tax planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 107337"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Determinants and market consequences of audit partner changes after restatements","authors":"James G. Lawson, Daniel A. Street","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2025.107335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2025.107335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We explore the determinants and consequences of a previously unexamined action that companies may take in response to a restatement: although they retain the same audit firm, 24 percent of companies prematurely change audit partners following a restatement. Relative to changing audit firms in response to a restatement, premature audit partner changes are more likely when the company is economically important to the auditor but are less likely after severe restatements and as auditor tenure increases. Our findings draw attention to the possibility that economically important clients may be able to apply pressure to audit firms to change their engagement partners. Finally, we fail to find evidence of a market response to the disclosure of audit partner changes, suggesting that this action does not successfully restore the reputation of the restating company. The lack of market response in the restatement setting contributes to a growing literature which calls into question the informativeness of audit partner identity, contradicting the PCAOB’s rationale for Form AP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 107335"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dain C. Donelson , Antonis Kartapanis , Colin Q. Koutney , Chris X. Zhao
{"title":"Public and private enforcement of non-GAAP reporting","authors":"Dain C. Donelson , Antonis Kartapanis , Colin Q. Koutney , Chris X. Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2025.107338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2025.107338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study provides evidence on the frequency and effectiveness of public and private enforcement of non-GAAP reporting. Although investors place weight on non-GAAP measures, there is little evidence on the extent and effectiveness of non-GAAP enforcement. The SEC uses comment letters to oversee non-GAAP reporting. While most firms appear to enhance future non-GAAP disclosures after receiving a comment letter, we also find that firms that receive non-GAAP comment letters are more likely than control firms to receive future non-GAAP comment letters, with the same comments often repeated. In addition, non-GAAP enforcement in the form of SEC AAERs and securities class action lawsuits is very rare. However, we find limited evidence of investor harm from managers’ non-GAAP exclusions that are incremental to analysts’ exclusions. This result suggests investors are skeptical of managers’ non-GAAP exclusions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 107338"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The influence of team consensus and inclusive climate on junior auditors’ conformity and risk assessment sharing","authors":"Eddy Cardinaels , Viola Darmawan , Evelien Reusen , Kristof Stouthuysen","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2025.107334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2025.107334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In hierarchically structured audit teams, it is common for junior auditors to conduct the fieldwork and gather a large part of the audit evidence, making information sharing critical. However, if a team consensus already exists, individual auditors may conform to the team and hesitate to raise potentially important issues they themselves acquired about a client. This study experimentally investigates how the origin of team consensus (i.e., consensus of junior members vs. consensus of senior members) and the type of inclusive climate (i.e., authenticity vs. belongingness) impact junior auditors’ conformity and their comfort with sharing their own risk assessment with the team. Drawing on conformity theory, we hypothesize and find that junior auditors are more likely to conform to a team consensus of senior members, and feel less comfortable with sharing their own risk assessment with the team, particularly when working in an authenticity climate. These effects of conforming more to senior members are mitigated when there is a climate of belongingness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 107334"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Determinants and consequences of COVID-19 vaccine mandates","authors":"Jack Badger , Justin Short","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2025.107336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2025.107336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The COVID-19 pandemic brought unprecedented challenges to firms’ operating environments, prompting some firms to adopt COVID-19 vaccine mandates for employees. In this study, we examine the determinants and firm performance consequences of adoption of a COVID-19 vaccine mandate. We find that, relative to non-mandate firms, mandate firms have less conservative (i.e., less Republican-leaning) CEOs and have more powerful CEOs. We also find that mandate firms have more resources and have higher exposure to risk of spread of the virus among employees than non-mandate firms. Additionally, firms in sectors most economically harmed by the lockdowns during the pandemic (e.g., leisure, travel, entertainment) and firms in the pharmaceutical industry are more likely than other firms to adopt a vaccine mandate. In addition, we document that vaccine mandates are associated with beneficial firm performance outcomes, including financial performance, growth potential, and stock returns. These results suggest that vaccine mandates during the COVID-19 pandemic allowed firms to economically recover from the pandemic faster.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 107336"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"You can’t have it both ways: An unintended consequence of corporate site visits on non-visited firms","authors":"Jiaxing You , Huiying Wu , Sammy Xiaoyan Ying , Yankun Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2025.107333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2025.107333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prior work suggests that financial analysts may gain an information advantage regarding <em>visited firms</em> through corporate site visits. We use a novel design to examine the impact of site visits on <em>non-visited firms</em> that are concurrently followed by the analysts. We propose a limited attention hypothesis predicting that site visits reduce forecast accuracy for non-visited firms. We find that analysts’ forecast accuracy for non-visited firms is negatively affected by site visits, and the negative effect is accentuated by the complexity of visited firms’ business operations and analysts’ busyness, supporting the limited attention hypothesis. Further analysis shows that site visits increase analysts’ optimistic bias towards non-visited firms. This study is the first to investigate non-visited firms and to reveal the unintended consequences of site visits, complementing prior studies that predominantly focus on visited firms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 107333"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Omar de Inés Antón , Stavriana Hadjigavriel , Beatriz García Osma , Encarna Guillamón Saorín
{"title":"Convergence in audit materiality: The impact of public disclosure on auditors’ behavior and quality","authors":"Omar de Inés Antón , Stavriana Hadjigavriel , Beatriz García Osma , Encarna Guillamón Saorín","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2025.107322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2025.107322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We explore the public disclosure of materiality to understand whether it influences decisions regarding materiality thresholds. Disclosure of audit materiality may facilitate the assessment of auditors’ assurance, thereby narrowing the expectation gap. However, disclosure may also induce industry-convergence towards average materiality thresholds; or be exploited by low-quality auditors to justify higher materiality. Using a large sample of UK firms, following the materiality disclosure requirements introduced by ISA 700, we predict and find evidence that disclosure triggers industry-convergence in materiality thresholds. This convergence is not accompanied by changes to audit fees, but we document audit quality effects. Industry-converging materiality changes are negatively associated with restatements when the firm decreases materiality to converge towards the average. In contrast, materiality convergence appears to worsen audit quality when auditors initial positioning is below industry benchmarks and need to increase materiality to meet industry’s thresholds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 107322"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144289183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Customer perceptions of the “Big 4 effect”: Evidence from the world’s largest customer—the U.S. government","authors":"Tonni Shijun Xia , Jian Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2025.107332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2025.107332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We explore the impact of Big 4 auditors on U.S. government contract allocation decisions. We find that contractors switching from non-Big 4 to Big 4 auditors see an average 0.70% increase in their share of a government agency’s total awards (i.e., $3.20 million from each government agency each year), relative to those switching within non-Big 4 or Big 4 auditors. The effect is more pronounced (1) for contractors whose majority of awarded contracts are either cost-plus or competitive, where audit quality plays a more important role; and (2) for contractors whose switch to Big 4 auditors is not due to auditor resignations, which could compromise audit quality. Our findings hold after controlling for firm characteristics that potentially trigger an auditor switch and after conducting a batch of robustness tests. Collectively, the results suggest that the “Big 4 effect” exists in the U.S. government procurement market, a phenomenon undocumented in the literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 107332"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Disclosure versus external certification: Evidence from the SEC vote waiver policy for PIPE’s during COVID 19","authors":"Miles Gietzmann, Claudia Imperatore","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2025.107320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2025.107320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates how publicly listed firms can raise new funding when voluntary disclosure is limited. Specifically, we investigate whether sophisticated expert investors can act as a source of information and how they can be incentivized to put “skin in the game” to signal their private information. We address our question in the setting of private investment in public equity (PIPE) offerings by inspecting whether PIPE issuance provides an additional source of information in the information valuation game. In the PIPE setting, knowledgeable expert institutional investors buy unregistered stock in a limited firm disclosure environment. Such purchases can act as a certification signal, reducing other investors’ uncertainty. However, we argue that the identification of such certification effect is hindered by potential selection issues as large PIPEs require the approval of incumbent shareholders who may vote against such issuances that dilute their interest. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the SEC facilitated companies’ PIPE issuance by relaxing previously necessary shareholder voting requirements. We use this change, where incumbent shareholders could no longer block large PIPEs, to uncover the presence and magnitude of a certification effect. We document that PIPE funding can provide a positive certification signal in settings with reduced possibilities for voluntary disclosure. In this way, we identify another information channel that may attenuate information frictions in high informational asymmetry environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 107320"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144205024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}