Omar de Inés Antón , Ting Dong , Florian Eugster , Liwei Zhu , Antoine Roy
{"title":"Audit materiality judgments during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from the United Kingdom","authors":"Omar de Inés Antón , Ting Dong , Florian Eugster , Liwei Zhu , Antoine Roy","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2025.107355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2025.107355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates how auditors’ materiality assessments changed during the sudden adverse economic conditions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Our evidence suggests that auditors primarily adjusted their benchmark choices in response to the pandemic’s negative impact, while maintaining quantitative materiality amounts similar to the pre-pandemic levels. Our further analysis reveals an asymmetric pattern in auditors’ materiality judgments: declining performance is associated with a higher likelihood of changing materiality benchmark types, but not with significant reductions in materiality values. Conversely, strong performance is associated with increased materiality values, but not with changes in benchmark types. Such practices raise concerns about whether auditors may have used benchmark changes to avoid reducing materiality levels. Our study provides valuable insights for practitioners, policymakers, and academics on auditors’ materiality assessments in the context of a global crisis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 107355"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natalie Kyung Won Kim , Sewon Kwon , Jae Yong Shin
{"title":"Top human resources executives and CEO compensation","authors":"Natalie Kyung Won Kim , Sewon Kwon , Jae Yong Shin","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2025.107358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2025.107358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examine the role of top HR executives in CEO compensation decisions using a sample of Standard & Poor’s (S&P) 1500 firms from 2006 to 2017. Our findings show that appointing a top HR executive is associated with higher CEO compensation and a higher CEO pay slice (CPS) among named executive officers. We also investigate ex post adjustments to the earnings used in annual bonus plans as a channel through which top HR executives influence CEO compensation. Our findings indicate that firms with a top HR executive make more such adjustments and are more likely to favor the CEO with upward adjustments. These effects are especially pronounced for co-opted HR executives—those hired after the CEO. Overall, our results are consistent with a rent extraction perspective in setting CEO compensation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 107358"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145027479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tax regulations and corporate social responsibility: Evidence from the adoption of addback statutes","authors":"Karel Hrazdil , Jiyuan Li , Xin Li , Weiji Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2025.107359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2025.107359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Different U.S. states have enacted addback statutes at various times to close tax avoidance loopholes, significantly reducing the after-tax income of companies headquartered in adopting states. Leveraging these statutes as exogenous shocks to taxable income, we investigate how changes in tax regulations affect firms’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we find that firms in states subject to addback statutes experience a significant decline in their CSR performance scores. In cross-sectional analyses, we further show that this association is more pronounced among firms with high levels of intangibles—such as growth firms, those with significant R&D spending, and firms with a high number of patents—as well as among firms with high investment opportunities and financial constraints, which are more likely to be affected by the addback statutes. Moreover, the significant effect is evident across both CSR strengths and concerns, spans most dimensions, and is consistent across different providers of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) indicators. Overall, these findings carry important policy implications: they highlight an unintended consequence of tax regulations and reinforce the notion that increased financial burdens from taxes can limit the capital available for CSR/ESG investments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 107359"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spillover effects in mandatory environmental reporting","authors":"Siqi Chen , Wen Lin , Muzhi Wang , Yanhua Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2025.107357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2025.107357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines the spillover effects of mandatory standardized environmental reporting, which requires designated heavily polluting firms (HPFs) to include their pollution information in their financial reports. The list of HPFs is already publicly available elsewhere, which allows us to isolate and estimate the <em>incremental</em> spillover effects of including this information in financial reports. Exploiting the variation between industries in exposure to HPF designation, we document that the inclusion of pollution information in the HPFs’ financial reports encourages peer firms to release their environmental reporting voluntarily and to improve the quality of these disclosures. These positive spillover effects are more pronounced among peer firms with strong ex ante environmental performance. Evidence from stock-market reactions suggests that increased investor and stakeholder awareness of environmental risk in the same industry is a likely explanation for the observed spillover effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 107357"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144997591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jan van Helden , Tjerk Budding , Enrico Guarini , Anna Francesca Pattaro
{"title":"Ethics of accounting information manipulation in local government: opportunism or selfishness?","authors":"Jan van Helden , Tjerk Budding , Enrico Guarini , Anna Francesca Pattaro","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2025.107356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2025.107356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper addresses the ethics of accounting information manipulation (AIM) within the political domain, with a particular focus on local government—an area that remains under-researched. We developed a theoretical framework distinguishing two key contingencies influencing AIM: (1) the tension between pursuing organizational or personal interests and providing neutral accounting information, and (2) the extent of information asymmetry. These dimensions define four AIM archetypes. In addition, we draw on Information Manipulation Theory (IMT) to assess the ethical aspects of each archetype. To investigate these aspects, the study employs real-life constructs (RLCs)—short cases designed to present AIM dilemmas and stimulate ethical reflection during interviews. Consistent with prior research, our findings indicate that AIM motivated by personal gain generally attracts stronger disapproval than AIM aimed at advancing organizational goals. Furthermore, manipulation that compromises the integrity of financial representation is considered less acceptable than manipulation that merely limits the amount of disclosed information.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 107356"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144926676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Disclosure policy for relative performance indicators under product market competition","authors":"Jumpei Hamamura","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2025.107354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2025.107354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an optimal disclosure policy for relative performance indicators (RPIs) in quantity competition with asymmetric marginal costs. Our analysis shows that an asymmetric equilibrium arises under the specific economic environment, where a cost-efficient firm discloses information, while a cost-inefficient firm does not. Additionally, we evaluate the welfare effects of disclosure policies. Consequently, we find that the regulator should enforce non-disclosure for cost-inefficient firms in moderately-sized markets, as their behavior negatively impacts social welfare, even if they disclose the weight.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 107354"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144902257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicholas J. Cicone , W. Robert Knechel , Hyun Jong Park
{"title":"Interim restatements and the audit engagement","authors":"Nicholas J. Cicone , W. Robert Knechel , Hyun Jong Park","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2025.107350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2025.107350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examine the audit implications of 10-Q misstatements and explore how the <em>timing</em> of the detection and correction of these misstatements affects an audit. We find that auditors respond to interim restatements by charging higher fees, taking more time to complete an audit, and issuing more ICMWs. Despite these changes, interim restatements are negatively associated with year-end financial reporting quality. We further distinguish between early and late interim restatements and find some supporting evidence that late interim restatements have greater impacts on audit engagements, consistent with the notion that late detection of misstatements allows less flexibility for the client and auditor to adjust to heightened engagement risk. Overall, we provide evidence on how interim restatements in general, and the timing of such restatements in particular, have different implications for audit engagements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 107350"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Employee ownership and corporate tax avoidance: Evidence from employee shareholders in Chinese state-owned enterprises","authors":"Dan Huang , Peigong Li , Kam C. Chan","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2025.107351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2025.107351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates how employee ownership aligns the interests of employees and shareholders in the context in which controlling and minority shareholders have divergent interests. Specifically, we focus on ownership by employee shareholders—entities that represent employees in holding shares—and examine its impact on tax avoidance in Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs), where such divergent interests are particularly evident. Using propensity score matching and instrumental variable analysis, we find that employee shareholder ownership is positively associated with tax avoidance in SOEs, which is consistent with the interests of minority shareholders. This effect is more pronounced in SOEs where employee shareholders either represent a large percentage of employees or are employee-run firms, and it is also stronger in SOEs with a high-quality internal information environment or strong employee bargaining power. Moreover, we show that SOEs with higher employee shareholder ownership increase tax contributions in regions where government-controlling shareholders are located, despite a reduction in overall tax rates. Finally, our additional analyses reveal that the effect of employee shareholder ownership diminishes in firms with confrontational employee-manager relations, high job offshoring risks, or limited government intervention. This study demonstrates that substantial employee ownership can provide policymakers with a novel alternative for reducing government intervention in SOEs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 107351"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144827120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bridging the gap: A study of government suppliers' reporting practices","authors":"Akram Khalilov , Tobias Witter","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2025.107353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2025.107353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using 4 million procurement contracts valued at around $1 trillion, we examine the financial reporting quality of government suppliers. We document that government suppliers demonstrate higher-quality financial reporting than do firms without government contracts. This finding is partly attributable to improvements in firms' internal controls over financial reporting following contracting with the government. Additionally, we document that procurement contract clauses related to competitive procedures, government monitoring, and certification of internal information accuracy contribute to the quality of financial reporting. We address potential endogeneity concerns by studying changes in congressional committee leadership and performing difference-in-differences analyses around first- and last-time contract awards. Our findings highlight the role of government customers in enhancing the quality of mandatory disclosures and internal controls.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 107353"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144827122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liguang Zhang , Yunxiang Liao , Ruoyi Yang , Yunchen Wang
{"title":"How do social networks help supplier firms build cooperative customer relationships? Evidence from hometown-based business associations in China","authors":"Liguang Zhang , Yunxiang Liao , Ruoyi Yang , Yunchen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2025.107340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2025.107340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using the multi-period DID method, this paper examines how hometown-based business associations (HBAs) facilitate suppliers in establishing cooperative relationships with major customers in China. Our findings reveal that suppliers leverage HBAs to forge customer relationships, as evidenced by their choice to allocate a larger share of customer revenue to regions associated with their HBAs. The underlying mechanism is that HBAs alleviate information, trust, and institutional barriers that hinder the development of customer relationships across regions. Furthermore, suppliers with weaker customer acquisition capabilities, poorer accounting information quality, and more intense industry competition derive greater benefits from HBAs. Additional research underscores that higher-quality HBAs exert a stronger facilitative effect on suppliers’ regional customer revenue share, and HBAs also significantly enhance the stability of suppliers’ customer relationships. Our final analysis of consequences indicates that when a supplier’s customers are predominantly located in areas where HBAs are active, the supplier provides more commercial credit while achieving a lower sales expense ratio, reduced bankruptcy risk, and a higher market value. In summary, our results demonstrate that social networks play a pivotal role in helping suppliers build cooperative relationships with major customers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 107340"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}