{"title":"CEO succession and auditor going concern decisions: An analysis of outsider CEOs and generalist skills","authors":"Egor Evdokimov, Iliyas Yusoff","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study shows how external CEO succession can mitigate external auditors’ propensity to issue a going concern opinion (GCO) in financially distressed firms, particularly when the outsider CEO possesses higher generalist skills relative to the outgoing CEO. We show that our findings are unlikely to be driven by factors such as pre-succession restructuring, institutional ownership, and board quality that could trigger strategic changes and the appointment of an outsider CEO. Further, we provide evidence to rule out the possibility of our results being influenced by self-selection or omitted variables biases. We also find that the ability of outsider CEOs to mitigate going concern opinions in their appointment year significantly contributes to the subsequent improvements in the financial performance of distressed firms. Further tests on some mechanisms through which new external CEOs can reduce the likelihood of going concern opinions show that firms with such CEO appointees are more likely to reduce dividends and labor costs, issue equity, and reduce product similarity of prospector firms relative to their peers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278425423001199/pdfft?md5=85fad9e1a87cfbb1924f7647d255e8ed&pid=1-s2.0-S0278425423001199-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138546253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does choice matter? The effect of filing method autonomy on taxpayer aggressiveness in a pre-filled tax return system","authors":"Jason M. Schwebke","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>While pre-filled tax filing systems are the norm in many European countries, individuals in the U.S. are accustomed to the autonomy and control associated with preparing their own tax return. Taking that autonomy away by requiring individuals to use a pre-filled system could have negative consequences. Prior research has shown that implementing a pre-filled system in the U.S. may decrease compliance. Building on prior literature, results of an experiment manipulating filing method (traditional vs. pre-filled) and autonomy (present vs. absent) indicate that taxpayers who are given autonomy to choose the pre-filled system report significantly less aggressively than those forced to use it. Given that the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) revoked its promise not to compete with tax preparation software companies—opening the door for an IRS-created pre-filled filing system—this study has major implications for policymakers. Namely, policymakers would have to decide whether to make a pre-filled tax return system voluntary or mandatory. This study sheds light on the consequences of this policy decision.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138484162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The effects of local newspaper closures on nonprofits’ executive compensation","authors":"Robert Felix , Joshua A. Khavis , Mikhail Pevzner","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We examine the role of local newspapers in monitoring the nonprofit sector by testing how local newspaper closures affect nonprofits’ executive compensation levels. Although prior research establishes that local newspaper closures affect behavior of for-profits and municipalities, the unique governance and enforcement environment of nonprofits make it unclear whether and how closures of local newspapers will affect nonprofits’ executive compensation spending behavior. Consistent with local newspapers serving as an alternative monitoring mechanism within the nonprofit sector, we find that, following local newspaper closures, the levels of nonprofits’ executive compensation spending increases. This effect is less pronounced among nonprofits having audits and among those with better internal governance. Our results suggest that newspaper closures exacerbate agency problems among nonprofits particularly when alternative monitoring mechanisms of nonprofits are weaker.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138475341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Who participates in corporate income tax consolidation?: Evidence from Japan","authors":"Kazuki Onji","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>When a group of affiliated corporations can file a single tax return based on a combined income, what types of groups would take up the option? This study empirically analyzes decisions to participate in a single-jurisdiction consolidated tax filing. The data consists of 2,782 Japanese corporate groups headed by publicly-traded corporations observed from 2002 to 2007. Results indicate a higher likelihood of participation among groups characterized by low correlation in returns among group members, high variance in returns, many subsidiaries, and losses accumulated in parents. The significant influence of variance and covariance of returns suggests that a consolidation scheme improves the efficiency of a corporate income tax by reducing profit shifting.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138395173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"To replicate or not to replicate? That is the question","authors":"Divesh S. Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The scientific research world was shaken by revelations of a crisis in reproducing well-regarded research in psychology. This crisis reverberated across several academic disciplines including accounting, which led to controversy about the place and status of replications in accounting. The imperative for encouraging replications in our field is not new and has been met largely with opposition. While antagonists and advocates hold their ground, I believe it is critical to address misconceptions of the role and value of replication studies. In this essay, I clarify the role of replications focusing on two general types of replication: close and differentiated replications. I then discuss the status of replication in accounting followed by a brief </span>narrative on a well-known replication in the auditor independence literature. My concluding comments weave through suggested pathways for a better understanding of replication studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135663612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Firms’ discretion in the option exercise price adjustments during spinoffs","authors":"Tao Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>During corporate spinoffs, executives’ original options are converted to new options whose exercise price is reduced. The tax<span> and financial regulations however do not provide specific guidance regarding the option conversion, giving firms considerable discretion over the extent of reduction in the exercise price. This paper finds evidence that firms indeed use discretion to reduce the new option’s exercise price to favor executives during corporate spinoffs. This paper examines two alternative explanations why firms make such discretionary adjustments. The results support that firms with weak corporate governance are more likely to use discretion to reduce exercise prices. The study also finds some evidence suggesting that boards might consider whether the spinoffs benefit shareholders when they make the discretionary reductions in exercise prices.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42377737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tone management and stock price crash risk","authors":"Doron Reichmann","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Managers have substantial discretion over qualitative disclosures. At the same time, disclosure tone is an important source of information to investors. In this study, I examine the relation between tone management and future stock price crash risk. Consistent with the view that managers use their discretion over disclosure tone for intentional information management, I find that tone management in the Management Discussion and Analysis of 10-K files is, on average, positively associated with future stock price crash risk, even after controlling for quantitative crash determinants and financial disclosure readability. Cross-sectional analyses reveal that the effect is more pronounced when managers have more incentives and are less constrained in manipulating disclosure tone. Collectively, my results suggest that tone management can have greater and broader capital market consequences than previously documented.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136054548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Misstatement verifiability and managers’ earnings warning decisions","authors":"Jihun Bae , Jaeyoon Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We examine whether the verifiability of misstatements in prior forward-looking earnings disclosures contributes to managers’ decisions to issue earnings warnings. Using securities class action lawsuits from 1996 to 2019 pertaining to forward-looking earnings disclosures, we find that earnings warnings are positively associated with the verifiability of misstatements in such disclosures. The results survive entropy balancing and firm-fixed effects to mitigate endogeneity concerns. The positive relation between earnings warnings and misstatement verifiability is more pronounced for firms 1) with a general counsel in the top management team and 2) that face higher ex-ante litigation risk, and less pronounced for firms whose managers engaged in insider selling during the class action lawsuit period. We also show that earnings warnings help to increase the likelihood of a lawsuit dismissal (i.e., lowering litigation costs) when the lawsuit involves misstatements that are more (rather than less) verifiable. Taken together, our findings suggest that managers issue earnings warnings when it helps to reduce litigation costs, consistent with the notion that managers can achieve a greater reduction in litigation costs by issuing earnings warnings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278425423001126/pdfft?md5=f1b8d4f3d10f1b50755a0c51f216bffd&pid=1-s2.0-S0278425423001126-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135707297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bradley P. Lindsey , Sophie McDonnell , William J. Moser
{"title":"Do United States Tax Court judge attributes influence the resolution of corporate tax disputes?","authors":"Bradley P. Lindsey , Sophie McDonnell , William J. Moser","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Corporate taxpayers can have economically meaningful disputes with the United States Internal Revenue Service (IRS) that ultimately involve the federal judiciary. In an attempt to reduce the number of corporate tax disputes going to trial and reduce the amount of time between when corporate taxpayers file a petition with the United States Tax Court (USTC) and resolution of the case, politicians and judges have placed greater emphasis on negotiated settlements as opposed to Tax Court trials. In this paper, we investigate whether the personal attributes of the Tax Court judge assigned to the case (political ideology, tenure on the bench and professional experience) influence corporate taxpayers and the IRS to reach a negotiated settlement or proceed to trial. Overall, our results show that Tax Court judges who are conservative, have private practice experience, have governmental legislative experience, and have longer tenure on the Tax Court bench are more likely to preside over disputes resolved through a negotiated settlement as opposed to going to a trial.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136128263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Due process as a legitimating mechanism: Participation and responsiveness in the development of IFRS 17: Insurance contracts","authors":"Miguel Arce, Begoña Giner, Mohammed Amin Taleb","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper investigates the role of due process in legitimizing the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and uses the development of IFRS 17-Insurance Contracts (IASB, 2017a) as a case study. It examines stakeholders’ participation and assesses the IASB’s responsiveness to the views expressed in the comment letters. It focuses on changes in recognition, valuation, and disclosure during the 10-year process, in which the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) played a relevant role. For input and through-put legitimacy analysis, we conduct content analysis of comment letters and consult additional sources to understand key concerns in insurance accounting. The IASB received substantial feedback from diverse stakeholders and geographical regions, primarily preparers and European constituents. Our findings indicate that decisions throughout the standard-setting process align with stakeholders’ interests, without preferential treatment for any groups, affirming the institution’s legitimacy was preserved. This confirms that the IASB’s due process can be seen as a shield against political and constituent pressures. Nevertheless, this study cannot definitively attribute identified changes solely to comment letters, as other channels may have been equally influential.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278425423001102/pdfft?md5=437fbd8d70c1824496e7b07c13124fb4&pid=1-s2.0-S0278425423001102-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135761238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}