Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied最新文献_第5页

Less biased yet more defensive: The impact of control processes. 减少偏见，加强防卫：控制程序的影响。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-09 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000468

Joseph A Vitriol, Brian A O'Shea, Jimmy Calanchini

{"title":"Less biased yet more defensive: The impact of control processes.","authors":"Joseph A Vitriol, Brian A O'Shea, Jimmy Calanchini","doi":"10.1037/xap0000468","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000468","url":null,"abstract":"Educational and training programs designed to reduce racial bias often focus on increasing people's awareness of psychological sources of their biases. However, when people learn about their biases, they often respond defensively, which can undermine the effectiveness of antibias interventions and the success of prejudice regulation. Using process (Quad) modeling, we provide one of the first investigations of the relationships between (a) controlled and automatic cognitive processes that underpin performance on the Implicit Association Test and (b) defensive reactions to unflattering implicit racial bias feedback. In two correlational samples (one preregistered; N = 8,000) and one experiment in which the provision of bias feedback was manipulated (N = 547), we find racially biased associations and some control over these associations among White people. Nonetheless, more defensiveness to bias feedback consistently predicted weaker ability to control biased associations. We also find correlational evidence that lower levels of biased associations predict more defensiveness, but did not replicate this observation in the experimental study. These results are critical for theories of implicit attitudes, models of prejudice regulation, and strategies for antibias interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"108-119"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10870943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Choose as much as you wish: Freedom cues in the marketplace help consumers feel more satisfied with what they choose and improve customer experience. 尽情选择：市场中的自由提示有助于消费者对自己的选择感到更加满意，并改善客户体验。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-27 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000481

Barbara Fasolo, Raffaella Misuraca, Elena Reutskaja

{"title":"Choose as much as you wish: Freedom cues in the marketplace help consumers feel more satisfied with what they choose and improve customer experience.","authors":"Barbara Fasolo, Raffaella Misuraca, Elena Reutskaja","doi":"10.1037/xap0000481","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000481","url":null,"abstract":"Consumer satisfaction and customer experience are key predictors of an organization's future market growth, long-term customer loyalty, and profitability but are hard to maintain in marketplaces with abundance of choice. Building on self-determination theory, we experimentally test a novel intervention that leverages consumer need for autonomy. The intervention is a message called a \"freedom cue\" (FC) which makes it salient that consumers can \"choose as much as they wish.\" A 4-week field experiment in a sporting gear store establishes that FCs lead to greater consumer satisfaction compared to when the store displays no FC. A large (N = 669) preregistered process-tracing experiment run with a consumer panel and a global e-commerce company shows that FCs at point-of-sale improve consumer satisfaction and customer experience compared to an equivalent message that does not make freedom to choose any amount salient. Perceived freedom mediates the effect. FCs do not change the time spent or clicks on the website overall but do change the focus of the choice process. FCs lead to greater focus on what is chosen than on what is not chosen. We discuss practical implications for organizations and future research in consumer choice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"156-168"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10259362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatial alignment supports comparison of life science images. 空间配准支持生命科学图像的比较。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-06 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000471

Nina K Simms, Bryan J Matlen, Benjamin D Jee, Dedre Gentner

{"title":"Spatial alignment supports comparison of life science images.","authors":"Nina K Simms, Bryan J Matlen, Benjamin D Jee, Dedre Gentner","doi":"10.1037/xap0000471","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000471","url":null,"abstract":"Visual comparisons are pervasive in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) instruction and practice. In previous work, adults' visual comparisons of simple stimuli were faster and more accurate when the layout of a display facilitated alignment of corresponding elements-the spatial alignment principle (Matlen et al., 2020). Here, we asked whether the spatial alignment principle extends to rich, educationally relevant stimuli, and how prior experience and spatial skill relate to spatial alignment effects. Participants were asked to find an incorrect bone within a skeleton, presented individually or paired with a correct skeleton in a layout that did (direct placement) or did not (impeded placement) support alignment (Kurtz & Gentner, 2013). Consistent with the spatial alignment principle, undergraduates (Study 1) showed an advantage of direct over impeded placement. Middle schoolers (Study 2) showed a direct advantage on items presented in atypical orientations. That atypical items showed the strongest effects suggests that direct placement may help most when materials are less familiar. However, neither individual differences in undergraduates' STEM course history, nor undergraduates' or middle schoolers' spatial skills moderated spatial alignment effects. Thus, applying the spatial alignment principle in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics has potential to improve visual comparisons, especially those that are challenging, for students of all spatial skill levels. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"747-760"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9263701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Can conflict cultivate collaboration? The positive impact of mild versus intense task conflict via perceived openness rather than emotions. 冲突能促进合作吗？温和与激烈的任务冲突通过感知开放性而非情绪产生的积极影响。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2022-08-25 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000448

Ming-Hong Tsai

{"title":"Can conflict cultivate collaboration? The positive impact of mild versus intense task conflict via perceived openness rather than emotions.","authors":"Ming-Hong Tsai","doi":"10.1037/xap0000448","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000448","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research has demonstrated negative associations between task-relevant conflicts and collaboration. To supplement the previous findings and explore the potential benefits of conflicts, we differentiate between two types of task conflict expressions (i.e., mild vs. intense task conflicts, such as debates vs. disagreements regarding work-related issues) in dyad interactions and propose the differential effects of mild versus intense task conflicts on collaboration based on the theory of conflict expression. In three studies with experimental manipulations and surveys on working adults, the results demonstrated that perceptions of debates versus disagreements (in Studies 1 and 2) or mild versus intense task conflicts (in Study 3) enhanced perceivers' collaboration with others via the perceivers' assessments of others' openness rather than emotions. The findings regarding positive associations between mild task conflicts and collaboration implicate the coexistence of conflict and collaboration. Moreover, the results showed that debates versus disagreements (in Study 1) or mild versus intense task conflicts (in Study 3) achieved high task performance by enhancing perceptions of others' openness that subsequently increased collaboration. These findings clarify why conflicts inconsistently influence interpersonal interactions and task performance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"813-830"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9996455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparing the effectiveness of two theory-based strategies to promote cognitive training adherence. 比较两种基于理论的促进认知训练坚持性策略的有效性。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000485

Erin R Harrell, Nelson A Roque, Walter R Boot

{"title":"Comparing the effectiveness of two theory-based strategies to promote cognitive training adherence.","authors":"Erin R Harrell, Nelson A Roque, Walter R Boot","doi":"10.1037/xap0000485","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000485","url":null,"abstract":"This study compared the effectiveness of two theory-based strategies to promote cognitive training adherence among older adults (Mage = 70 years, SD = 4.42, range = 64-84). Strategies incorporated either (a) elements of implementation intention formation or (b) positive message framing, both of which have been found to promote adherence to health behaviors in other domains. Participants (N = 120) were asked to engage in technology-based cognitive training at home comprised of seven gamified neuropsychological tasks. In Phase 1 (structured), participants were provided a schedule that required engagement in 1 hr of cognitive training 5 days each week over 2 months. In Phase 2 (unstructured), participants were instructed to engage with the intervention as much as they desired for 1 month. Contrary to expectations, neither the implementation intention nor positive message framing produced greater adherence relative to control as measured by the total number of training sessions completed in each phase. However, exploratory analysis indicated a greater likelihood of intervention engagement for participants assigned to the implementation intention condition on many days of the intervention, though the trajectory of engagement decline was similar for all three groups. Measures of cognition, attitudes/personality, and technology proficiency also did not predict adherence over either phase. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"782-792"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9840886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

People are worse at detecting fake news in their foreign language. 人们用外语识别假新闻的能力更差。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-08 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000475

Rafał Muda, Gordon Pennycook, Damian Hamerski, Michał Białek

引用次数: 0

Disentangling the effects of message content and message sharer on students' views of political misinformation. 厘清信息内容和信息分享者对学生政治误导观点的影响。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-04 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000495

Eva M Janssen, Tamara van Gog

{"title":"Disentangling the effects of message content and message sharer on students' views of political misinformation.","authors":"Eva M Janssen, Tamara van Gog","doi":"10.1037/xap0000495","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000495","url":null,"abstract":"A consistent finding in fake news research is that people are more likely to believe content in favor of their political views. Unclear, however, is whether this political bias is moderated by contextual effects, such as politicians sharing content on their social media accounts. The present study investigated how both message content and sharer affect views of political misinformation. Participants (N = 164) evaluated eight news messages. Message content (pro-left/pro-right misinformation) and sharer (left-wing/right-wing/unknown politician) were manipulated within subjects. As expected, participants agreed more with concordant misinformation (aligned with their political orientation) and perceived it as more accurate than discordant misinformation. There was an additional, smaller effect of politician: Participants agreed more with discordant misinformation when shared by a politician representing their political viewpoint than when shared by others. Furthermore, left-oriented participants' agreement with concordant misinformation was hardly affected by message sharer, whereas right-oriented participants' agreement with concordant misinformation was-unexpectedly-positively affected by the left-wing politician. Irrespective of their political orientation, participants perceived misinformation from the left-wing politician as more accurate than misinformation from other politicians. Our findings suggest that both message content and sharer affect views of misinformation and interact in doing so, which is important for designing interventions on recognizing misinformation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"693-711"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10154013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identifying inefficient strategies in automation-aided signal detection. 识别自动化辅助信号检测中的低效策略

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000484

Lana Tikhomirov, Megan L Bartlett, Jackson Duncan-Reid, Jason S McCarley

{"title":"Identifying inefficient strategies in automation-aided signal detection.","authors":"Lana Tikhomirov, Megan L Bartlett, Jackson Duncan-Reid, Jason S McCarley","doi":"10.1037/xap0000484","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000484","url":null,"abstract":"Automated diagnostic aids can assist human operators in signal detection tasks, providing alarms, warnings, or diagnoses. Operators often use decision aids poorly, though, falling short of best possible performance levels. Previous research has suggested that operators interact with binary signal detection aids using a sluggish contingent cutoff (CC) strategy (Robinson & Sorkin, 1985), shifting their response criterion in the direction stipulated by the aid's diagnosis each trial but making adjustments that are smaller than optimal. The present study tested this model by examining the efficiency of automation-aided signal detection under different levels of task difficulty. In a pair of experiments, participants performed a numeric decision-making task requiring them to make signal or noise judgments on the basis of probabilistic readings. The mean reading values of signal and noise states differed between groups of participants, producing two levels of task difficulty. Data were fit with the CC model and two alternative accounts of automation-aided strategy: a discrete deference (DD) model, which assumed participants defer to the aid on a subset of trials and a mixture model, which assumed that participants choose randomly between the CC and DD strategies every trial. Model fits favored the mixture model. The results indicate multiple forms of inefficiency in operators' strategies for using signal detection aids. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"869-886"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9835218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Playing a social dilemma game as an exploratory learning activity before instruction improves conceptual understanding. 在教学之前，把社会两难游戏作为一种探索性学习活动来玩，可以提高对概念的理解。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000470

Jason Bush, Marci S DeCaro, Daniel A DeCaro

{"title":"Playing a social dilemma game as an exploratory learning activity before instruction improves conceptual understanding.","authors":"Jason Bush, Marci S DeCaro, Daniel A DeCaro","doi":"10.1037/xap0000470","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000470","url":null,"abstract":"Society's most pressing problems involve social dilemmas, yet few individuals recognize and understand their core components. We examined how a serious social dilemma game used in an educational setting impacted understanding of a classic social dilemma, the tragedy of the commons. Participants (N = 186) were randomly assigned to one of two gameplay conditions or a Lesson-Only condition without the game (traditional lesson with a reading). In the Explore-First condition, participants played the game as an exploratory learning activity before the lesson. In the Lesson-First condition, participants played the game after the lesson. Both gameplay conditions were rated as more interesting than the Lesson-Only condition. However, participants in the Explore-First condition exhibited higher conceptual understanding and spontaneous transfer to real-world dilemmas than the other conditions, which did not differ. These benefits were selective to social concepts (e.g., self-interest, interdependency) explored via gameplay. These benefits did not occur for ecological concepts (e.g., scarcity, tragedy), which were taught to everyone during the beginning instructions. Policy preferences were equal across conditions. Serious social dilemma games offer a promising educational tool for conceptual development when students can explore the complexities of social dilemmas for themselves. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"725-746"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9177417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

I am (not) sorry: Interpersonal effects of neutralizations after a transgression. 我（不）感到抱歉：过失后中和的人际影响。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-17 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000483

Bastiaan T Rutjens, Coen A Ackers, Gerben A van Kleef

{"title":"I am (not) sorry: Interpersonal effects of neutralizations after a transgression.","authors":"Bastiaan T Rutjens, Coen A Ackers, Gerben A van Kleef","doi":"10.1037/xap0000483","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000483","url":null,"abstract":"After a transgression, people often use neutralizations to account for their behavior, for instance, by apologizing or offering a justification. Previous research has mostly centered around the intrapersonal effects of neutralizations on actors. Consequently, we know very little of the interpersonal effects of neutralizations on observers' perceptions and judgments. Our overarching hypothesis is that neutralizations that contain an acknowledgment of wrongdoing (i.e., apologies and excuses) lead to more favorable perceptions of the transgressor and the transgression than neutralizations that do not (i.e., justifications). We report three studies (N = 800) to investigate the relationship between the type of neutralization used and observers' perceptions of actors and their behaviors. Our findings show that actor and behavior are evaluated differently depending on whether the neutralization used is an apology, an excuse, a consequentialist justification, or a deontological justification. Overall, justifications led to more negative evaluations (especially when invoking deontological reasoning), while apologies and excuses fostered more positive evaluations. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding the social dynamics of norm violations and the social and legal implications for enforcing norm abidance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"831-848"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10005536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0