Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied最新文献

Visual attention in supervisory control: Examining the effects of mental models, information bandwidth, and contextual cues. 监督控制中的视觉注意：检验心理模型、信息带宽和上下文线索的影响。

IF 2.3 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2026-10-15 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000589

Michael S Politowicz, Yusuke Yamani

{"title":"Visual attention in supervisory control: Examining the effects of mental models, information bandwidth, and contextual cues.","authors":"Michael S Politowicz, Yusuke Yamani","doi":"10.1037/xap0000589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000589","url":null,"abstract":"Modern aviation environments require operators to monitor systems with extensive automation. This research examines how mental models of automated systems affect visual attention allocation during supervisory control tasks such as remote aircraft operations. We hypothesized that advanced mental models would increase attention to task-relevant information and that high-bandwidth information would draw more attention only when task-relevant. Fifty-five university students completed simulated supervisory control scenarios after receiving training with or without explicit automation functionality information (Advanced or Basic Mental Model groups), with eye movements recorded. The Advanced group allocated more attention to supplemental data displays than the Basic group. Unexpectedly, low-bandwidth information received more attention than high-bandwidth when deemed task-relevant, suggesting that contextual cues, rather than bandwidth alone, may shape expectancy in this task environment. Results suggest the value parameter in the Salience, Effort, Expectancy, Value model is sensitive to mental model differences, with a pattern most consistent with a multiplicative relationship between expectancy and value parameters. Computational modeling showed that Salience, Effort, Expectancy, Value models with multiplicative terms and expectancy coefficients based on discrete event rates provided the most accurate predictions. Practically, these findings indicate that simple training to refine mental models can alter visual scanning behavior in supervisory control tasks. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of brief mindfulness and loving-kindness meditation on associative memory for sad events: A registered report. 短暂正念和仁爱冥想对悲伤事件联想记忆的影响：一份注册报告。

IF 2.3 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2026-10-01 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000587

Pierrick Laulan, Jérôme Cuadrado, Ulrike Rimmele

{"title":"Effects of brief mindfulness and loving-kindness meditation on associative memory for sad events: A registered report.","authors":"Pierrick Laulan, Jérôme Cuadrado, Ulrike Rimmele","doi":"10.1037/xap0000587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000587","url":null,"abstract":"Negative emotion can enhance memory for emotional items while impairing the associative binding and coherence of episodic events. We tested whether a brief combined mindfulness and loving-kindness meditation induction could attenuate sadness-related memory costs for multielement social events. Following preregistration, 113 young adults completed a 20-min mindfulness/loving-kindness meditation induction or matched active control, and 106 were retained for analysis after preregistered exclusions. Participants encoded events composed of a sad or neutral face, an object, and a scene, then completed a four-alternative forced-choice associative memory test and emotional ratings for faces and events. Sad events were remembered less accurately and less coherently than neutral events. However, the mindfulness/loving-kindness meditation induction did not reliably attenuate these memory costs. Bayesian analyses favored the null for associative memory accuracy and remained inconclusive for memory coherence. The intervention also did not reliably modulate emotional responses to sad versus neutral material. Emotional ratings revealed a dissociation between stimulus levels: Sad faces showed the aversive profile, whereas ratings of events were more mixed, suggesting that contextualized social sadness may carry a more complex meaning than a simple aversive cue. These findings identify boundary conditions for brief contemplative inductions and suggest that memory coherence may be an informative end point for future work on emotional memory integration. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149116413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effects of instructions on performance in lineups and showups. 指示对阵容和表演的影响。

IF 2.3 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-30 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000567

Travis M Seale-Carlisle, Brent M Wilson, Anne S Yilmaz, John T Wixted, Carolyn Semmler, Laura Mickes

{"title":"The effects of instructions on performance in lineups and showups.","authors":"Travis M Seale-Carlisle, Brent M Wilson, Anne S Yilmaz, John T Wixted, Carolyn Semmler, Laura Mickes","doi":"10.1037/xap0000567","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000567","url":null,"abstract":"Various preidentification instructions have been proposed to reduce eyewitness misidentifications by promoting conservative responding. According to the classic signal detection model, such instructions should shift decision criteria without affecting discriminability-the ability to distinguish innocent from guilty suspects. Yet, in prior research, while two types of instructions did make participants respond more conservatively, one type of instruction decreased discriminability and another increased discriminability. Across four experiments-three conducted online and one in the field-we tested the effects of different instructional methods on eyewitness responding in both lineup and showup procedures. We found that while certain instructions consistently induced more conservative responding, they sometimes decreased and never increased discriminability. We attribute this pattern to instructional variance: participants likely interpreted and complied with the instructions to varying degrees, introducing noise that lowered discriminability. Notably, identifications made with high confidence were associated with much more conservative responding than any instruction alone, suggesting that conservative responding is best achieved by collecting confidence rather than by instructing eyewitnesses to respond conservatively. Finally, the confidence-accuracy relationship was stronger in our field showup using live actors than in the corresponding online version, underscoring the need for more research in the field to better understand eyewitness identification performance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"390-406"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147576042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Too close to trust: Message features, resistance, and greenwashing in green advertising. 过于接近信任：绿色广告中的信息特征、抵制和绿色洗白。

IF 2.3 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-23 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000578

Olivia M Bullock, Lois Hargrove

{"title":"Too close to trust: Message features, resistance, and greenwashing in green advertising.","authors":"Olivia M Bullock, Lois Hargrove","doi":"10.1037/xap0000578","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000578","url":null,"abstract":"As the demand for \"green\" products grows, companies are utilizing green advertising to appeal to consumers. Unfortunately, this trend has been accompanied by a rise in the phenomenon of greenwashing, which has led to skepticism and distrust among green consumers. Drawing on construal-level theory, this study explores features of green messages that affect motivated resistance to persuasion, greenwashing perceptions, and purchase intentions. We crafted fictitious advertisements varying in psychological distance of consequences (proximal vs. distal outcomes) of consequences and in verb modality (definite vs. probable language). Using an experimental survey (N = 1,617), we found that messages that contained two low-construal features (psychological distance of consequences: proximal, and verb modality: definite) produced the most resistance to persuasion. Motivated resistance to persuasion was found to increase perceptions of greenwashing, while perceptions of greenwashing were found to reduce purchase intentions. The experiment additionally found that the combination of proximal consequences and definite language reduced purchase intentions through serial mechanisms of increased motivated resistance to persuasion and perceptions of greenwashing. These findings enrich the growing understanding of green messaging and carry both practical and theoretical implications. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"524-532"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The day preconstruction method: A novel method to strengthen future self-continuity. 日预构建法：一种增强未来自我连续性的新方法。

IF 2.3 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-23 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000574

Jonas Hj Blom, Erik Wästlund, Per Kristensson

引用次数: 0

Sleep deprivation disrupts the gatekeeping role of confidence in belief updating. 睡眠不足会破坏信心在信念更新中的把关作用。

IF 2.3 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-30 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000570

Charlotte Anckaert, Philippe Peigneux, Wim Gevers

{"title":"Sleep deprivation disrupts the gatekeeping role of confidence in belief updating.","authors":"Charlotte Anckaert, Philippe Peigneux, Wim Gevers","doi":"10.1037/xap0000570","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000570","url":null,"abstract":"Belief updating in response to social feedback is essential for adaptive decision making but may be sensitive to sleep deprivation. Across two preregistered within-subjects studies (N = 36, conducted in 2023, and N = 49, conducted in 2024), we examined how 24 hr of total sleep deprivation affects belief change and confidence updating after agreeing or disagreeing with peer feedback. Sleep deprivation consistently increased belief change, regardless of feedback type, and disrupted the stabilizing role of initial confidence. High-confidence beliefs, typically more resistant to revision, were more often changed when participants were sleep deprived. To examine confidence dynamics, Study 2 added a no-change block, where participants could adjust confidence, but not change beliefs. Here, sleep-deprived participants showed larger confidence drops, especially at high initial confidence. Moreover, stronger confidence drops in the no-change block predicted more frequent belief change when change was allowed. In sleep-deprived states, higher initial confidence no longer protected against strong confidence updating in response to peer feedback. Rather than simply increasing suggestibility, sleep deprivation undermines confidence-based mechanisms that normally regulate belief change. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"338-354"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147575978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The roles of cognitive abilities, instructions, and gaze patterns in navigational map-based route learning. 认知能力、指示和注视模式在基于导航地图的路线学习中的作用。

IF 2.3 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-23 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000573

Hatice Dedetaş Şatır, Benedict C O F Fehringer, Stefan Münzer

{"title":"The roles of cognitive abilities, instructions, and gaze patterns in navigational map-based route learning.","authors":"Hatice Dedetaş Şatır, Benedict C O F Fehringer, Stefan Münzer","doi":"10.1037/xap0000573","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000573","url":null,"abstract":"Autonomous wayfinding involves reading (digital) maps and memorizing route information in executable ways. The present study aimed to understand factors influencing navigational map-based route learning. Effects of a map reading instruction and the role of individual differences in perspective taking ability and visuospatial working memory capacity were investigated, considering interactions between effects of instruction and individual differences. In addition, gaze patterns were recorded to gain insights into the map reading process. In 2023, N = 106 university students learned a predefined route from a digital map while their gaze patterns were recorded. Then, they navigated the route from memory in a virtual environment, while navigation errors were measured as an indication of route memory. A pretest-posttest design was deployed, and between pretest and posttest, participants in the instruction condition received specific map reading instructions, whereas participants in the control condition did not. Perspective taking ability and visuospatial working memory capacity predicted navigation performance. Although instructions did not significantly improve overall navigation performance, they had a small effect to reduce the impact of spatial abilities (aptitude-treatment interaction). In addition, a novel time-based gaze pattern analysis revealed that better performance was associated with a consistent reading strategy with fixations progressing continuously along the route toward the destination. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"441-459"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147500371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Do prequestions support learning from text more than learning objectives? 比起学习目标，预习题是否更有助于从文本中学习？

IF 2.3 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000558

Judith Schweppe, Philipp Radloff, Alexander Fenzl

{"title":"Do prequestions support learning from text more than learning objectives?","authors":"Judith Schweppe, Philipp Radloff, Alexander Fenzl","doi":"10.1037/xap0000558","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000558","url":null,"abstract":"The strategy of presenting students with questions that they mostly cannot answer before they read a text has been shown to improve learning and it is known as prequestions. This prequestion effect has been attributed to focusing of attention as well as to additional benefits of answering attempts. However, in most studies, the control group just reads the text, which limits both theoretical and practical implications. In two preregistered experiments conducted between 2022 and 2024, we included learning objectives as an additional educationally relevant control condition that, like prequestions, should help focus learners' attention, but unlike prequestions, not prompt answering attempts. Participants were presented with open-ended questions or with learning objectives before reading a textbook excerpt or just read the text. In the final test, they answered multiple-choice questions related to the prequestions or learning objectives (old questions) as well as new questions. Bayesian evidence indicates small to medium-sized effects in favor of prequestions compared with reading only and reading with learning objectives in both experiments. Significant differences in frequentist testing were obtained in Experiment 2 and in a joint analysis of both experiments. Overall, the findings indicate that there is indeed a benefit of prequestions over and above focusing of attention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"355-377"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145543297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Do individuals selectively apply their scientific reasoning ability when communicating about scientific evidence on polarized topics? 在就两极分化的话题交流科学证据时，个人是否有选择地运用他们的科学推理能力？

IF 2.3 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-30 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000569

Caitlin Drummond Otten, Stephanie M Anglin, Stephen B Broomell

{"title":"Do individuals selectively apply their scientific reasoning ability when communicating about scientific evidence on polarized topics?","authors":"Caitlin Drummond Otten, Stephanie M Anglin, Stephen B Broomell","doi":"10.1037/xap0000569","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000569","url":null,"abstract":"Classical research on motivated reasoning finds that prior beliefs can influence how people use their reasoning ability in a directional manner, making them more likely to arrive at belief-consistent conclusions. Recent research has tested the related hypothesis of selective application of reasoning ability: Do those with greater reasoning ability selectively apply their greater ability to form interpretations of evidence that are more biased by their prior beliefs, compared to those with less ability? This research has found mixed results. We report the results of two preregistered experiments using a paradigm designed to directly test for the selective application of reasoning ability. We ask whether individuals with greater ability to evaluate scientific evidence quality selectively apply that ability when communicating about flawed evidence, depending upon whether the evidence is consistent or inconsistent with their beliefs. Across both experiments, we fail to find evidence for selective application of reasoning ability: higher ability participants' communications are generally biased by their prior beliefs, but no more biased than those of low-ability participants. Overall, high-ability participants generate communications that are generally more accurate and transparent than those of low-ability participants. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"319-337"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147576019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Foreign language effect on the judgment of bullshit: Interplay of language, emotions, and meaning. 外语对判断胡扯的影响：语言、情绪和意义的相互作用。

IF 2.3 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-16 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000572

Lea Gorišek, Dušica Filipović Đurđević, Kaja Damnjanović

{"title":"Foreign language effect on the judgment of bullshit: Interplay of language, emotions, and meaning.","authors":"Lea Gorišek, Dušica Filipović Đurđević, Kaja Damnjanović","doi":"10.1037/xap0000572","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000572","url":null,"abstract":"The foreign language effect refers to the observed differences in responding to judgment and decision-making problems presented in a native or a foreign language (L2). The present research aimed to investigate whether L2 use could impact the judgment of bullshit statements and, if so, whether the mechanisms behind the foreign language effect could rely on emotionality. Bullshit is a form of meaningless material that is grammatically and syntactically correct and has been studied in empirical psychology. We conducted two studies with participants differing in L2 proficiency. The participants were instructed to evaluate the profoundness of positive, negative, and neutral bullshit and intelligible statements in their native language (Serbian) and L2 (English). The results suggest that individuals are generally more prone to accept the profundity of emotionally charged bullshit, whereas L2 use mainly impacts the judgment of less proficient speakers-it could diminish their ability to detect neutral nonsense and refute the profundity of negative intelligible statements. This implies that the foreign language effect depends on valence, meaning, and their interaction. We discuss findings within dual-process accounts of reasoning, noting that both emotional involvement and the use of L2 lead to quick, intuitive processing. Therefore, to sound profound, use emotional words or an L2. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"407-423"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147475905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0