Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied最新文献_第10页

Reducing vaccine hesitancy by explaining vaccine science. 通过解释疫苗科学来减少对疫苗的犹豫。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-06 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000464

Susan Joslyn, Chao Qin, Jee Hoon Han, Sonia Savelli, Nidhi Agrawal

{"title":"Reducing vaccine hesitancy by explaining vaccine science.","authors":"Susan Joslyn, Chao Qin, Jee Hoon Han, Sonia Savelli, Nidhi Agrawal","doi":"10.1037/xap0000464","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000464","url":null,"abstract":"Vaccine hesitancy in the COVID-19 pandemic remained a problem long after mRNA vaccines became available. This may be due in part to misunderstandings about the vaccines, arising from complexities of the science involved. Two experiments, conducted on unvaccinated Americans at two periods postvaccine rollout in 2021, demonstrated that providing explanations, expressed in everyday language, and correcting known misunderstandings, reduced vaccine hesitancy compared to a no-information control group. Four explanations addressing misunderstandings about mRNA vaccine safety and effectiveness were tested in Experiment 1 (n = 3,787). Some included expository text while others included refutational text, explicitly stating and refuting the misunderstanding. Vaccine effectiveness statistics were expressed either as text or an icon array. Although all four explanations reduced vaccine hesitancy, the refutational format of those addressing vaccine safety (explaining the mRNA mechanism and mild side effects) was the most effective. These two explanations were retested individually and jointly in Experiment 2 (n = 1,476) later in the summer of 2021. Again, vaccine hesitancy was significantly reduced by all explanations despite differences in political ideology, trust, and prior attitudes. These results suggest that nontechnical explanations of critical issues in vaccine science can reduce vaccine hesitancy, especially when accompanied by refutational text. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":"29 3","pages":"489-528"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10256227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Easily accessible but easily forgettable: How ease of access to information online affects cognitive miserliness. 容易获取但容易遗忘:网络信息获取的方便性如何影响认知吝啬。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000412

Esther Kang

{"title":"Easily accessible but easily forgettable: How ease of access to information online affects cognitive miserliness.","authors":"Esther Kang","doi":"10.1037/xap0000412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000412","url":null,"abstract":"Ubiquitous Internet access has provided easy access to information and has influenced users' attention and knowledge management. In an online information service context, this research examines how the perception of easy access to information affects strategies to learn two types of information: \"what it is\" and \"how to access it.\" This study also examines how the learning process is moderated by individual differences in working memory capacity, which can determine efficient management of attentional resources. The results show that individuals, especially those who rank high in working memory capacity, are less likely to remember the details but are more likely to remember how to access the information (e.g., a keyword for a search engine query). Those with higher working memory capacity are also more likely to ensure easy access to information by subscribing to information sources. The findings suggest that cognitive miserliness is not due to users' lack of cognitive capacity but to the accessibility of online information and efficient execution of attentional resources. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":"29 3","pages":"620-630"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10236863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Political and nonpolitical belief change elicits behavioral change. 政治和非政治信仰的改变会引发行为的改变。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000455

Madalina Vlasceanu, Casey E McMahon, Jay J Van Bavel, Alin Coman

{"title":"Political and nonpolitical belief change elicits behavioral change.","authors":"Madalina Vlasceanu, Casey E McMahon, Jay J Van Bavel, Alin Coman","doi":"10.1037/xap0000455","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000455","url":null,"abstract":"Beliefs have long been theorized to predict behaviors and thus have been the target of many interventions aimed at changing false beliefs in the population. But does changing beliefs translate into predictable changes in behaviors? Here, we investigated the impact of belief change on behavioral change across two experiments (N = 576). Participants rated the accuracy of a set of health-related statements and chose corresponding campaigns to which they could donate funds in an incentivized-choice task. They were then provided with relevant evidence in favor of the correct statements and against the incorrect statements. Finally, they rated the accuracy of the initial set of statements again and were given a chance to change their donation choices. We found that evidence changed beliefs and this, in turn, led to behavioral change. In a preregistered follow-up experiment, we replicated these findings with politically charged topics and found a partisan asymmetry in the effect, such that belief change triggered behavioral change only for Democrats on Democratic topics, but not for Democrats on Republican topics or for Republicans on either topic. We discuss the implications of this work in the context of interventions aimed at stimulating climate action or preventative health behaviors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":"29 3","pages":"467-476"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10238464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

COVID-19 vaccine skeptics are persuaded by pro-vaccine expert consensus messaging. COVID-19疫苗怀疑论者被支持疫苗的专家共识信息说服。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-06 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000467

Michał Białek, Ethan A Meyers, Patrícia Arriaga, Damian Harateh, Arkadiusz Urbanek

引用次数: 0

Number lines can be more effective at facilitating adults' performance on health-related ratio problems than risk ladders and icon arrays. 在帮助成年人解决与健康相关的比率问题方面，数轴比风险阶梯和图标数组更有效。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2022-11-03 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000456

Marta K Mielicki, Charles J Fitzsimmons, Lauren K Schiller, Dan Scheibe, Jennifer M Taber, Pooja G Sidney, Percival G Matthews, Erika A Waters, Karin G Coifman, Clarissa A Thompson

{"title":"Number lines can be more effective at facilitating adults' performance on health-related ratio problems than risk ladders and icon arrays.","authors":"Marta K Mielicki, Charles J Fitzsimmons, Lauren K Schiller, Dan Scheibe, Jennifer M Taber, Pooja G Sidney, Percival G Matthews, Erika A Waters, Karin G Coifman, Clarissa A Thompson","doi":"10.1037/xap0000456","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000456","url":null,"abstract":"Visual displays, such as icon arrays and risk ladders, are often used to communicate numerical health information. Number lines improve reasoning with rational numbers but are seldom used in health contexts. College students solved ratio problems related to COVID-19 (e.g., number of deaths and number of cases) in one of four randomly assigned conditions: icon arrays, risk ladders, number lines, or no accompanying visual display. As predicted, number lines facilitated performance on these problems-the number line condition outperformed the other visual display conditions, which did not perform any better than the no visual display condition. In addition, higher performance on the health-related ratio problems was associated with higher COVID-19 worry for oneself and others, higher perceptions of COVID-19 severity, and higher endorsement of intentions to engage in preventive health behaviors, even when controlling for baseline math skills. These findings have important implications for effectively presenting health statistics. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":"29 3","pages":"529-543"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9876403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does nuclear energy produce neodymium? Negative perception of nuclear energy drives the assumption that it is polluting. 核能会产生钕吗？对核能的负面看法促使人们认为它会造成污染。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-08 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000477

Alicia Herrera-Masurel, Sacha Altay, Hugo Mercier

{"title":"Does nuclear energy produce neodymium? Negative perception of nuclear energy drives the assumption that it is polluting.","authors":"Alicia Herrera-Masurel, Sacha Altay, Hugo Mercier","doi":"10.1037/xap0000477","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000477","url":null,"abstract":"The public tends to exaggerate the dangers of nuclear energy, mistakenly associating it with various environmental problems such as ozone depletion and the production of CO₂. First, we investigate the acquisition of misconceptions about nuclear energy. In Experiments 1 (N = 198, United Kingdom) and 2 (N = 204, France), participants were more likely to develop new negative misconceptions about nuclear energy, compared to renewables or even some fossil fuels. Participants were also more likely to attribute the emission of hazardous substances produced by renewables to nuclear energy than to the energy sources actually emitting it. This suggests that specific misconceptions about nuclear energy are likely the by-products of negative perceptions of nuclear energy. Second, we ask whether correcting specific misconceptions leads to less negative attitudes about nuclear energy. In Experiments 3 (N = 296, United Kingdom.) and 4 (N = 305, France), participants were exposed to pronuclear energy arguments, one of which informed them of its low CO₂ emissions. This argument led to a decrease in the perception that nuclear energy contributes to climate change. Thus, even if specific misconceptions about nuclear energy derive from overall negative perceptions, addressing these misconceptions can still help align public opinion with expert opinion. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":"29 3","pages":"572-583"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9877521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mental simulation across sensory modalities predicts attractiveness of food concepts. 跨感官模式的心理模拟预测食物概念的吸引力。

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-09 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000461

Laura J Speed, Esther K Papies, Asifa Majid

{"title":"Mental simulation across sensory modalities predicts attractiveness of food concepts.","authors":"Laura J Speed, Esther K Papies, Asifa Majid","doi":"10.1037/xap0000461","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000461","url":null,"abstract":"Concepts are grounded in mental simulation of sensory information, but the exact role it plays in everyday cognition is unknown. Here, we investigate its role in an important conceptual domain relevant for everyday behavior-food. We conducted two preregistered studies to test whether multimodal mental simulation is linked to attractiveness of food concepts. In Study 1, using the Lancaster Sensorimotor norms for a variety of concepts, we found unhealthy food concepts are more strongly associated with gustation, olfaction, and interoception than healthy food concepts. Importantly, these associations mediated the relationship between food healthiness and food attractiveness. In Study 2, we collected new sensory ratings with food words only and found unhealthy food concepts were more strongly associated with all perceptual modalities than healthy food concepts. Again, these associations mediated the relationship between healthiness and attractiveness. The mediating role of sensory associations to food attractiveness was also affected by context. Specifically, when participants thought about food in an eating context cued by verbal instruction, mediation by perceptual strength was weaker. Overall, we find multimodal sensory experience underlies people's belief that unhealthy food is more attractive than healthy food. This suggests mental simulation has an important role in goal-directed behavior. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":"29 3","pages":"557-571"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10238422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The mazing race: Effects of interruptions and benefits of interruption lags in a novel maze-like decision-making paradigm. 迷宫竞赛：在新颖的迷宫式决策范式中，中断的影响和中断滞后的益处。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2022-10-03 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000446

Jennifer F Sloane, Ben R Newell, Garston Liang, Chris Donkin

{"title":"The mazing race: Effects of interruptions and benefits of interruption lags in a novel maze-like decision-making paradigm.","authors":"Jennifer F Sloane, Ben R Newell, Garston Liang, Chris Donkin","doi":"10.1037/xap0000446","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000446","url":null,"abstract":"Interruptions are an inevitable, and often negative, part of everyday life that increase both errors and the time needed to complete even menial tasks. However, existing research suggests that being given time to prepare for a pending interruption-a lag time-can mitigate some of the interruption costs. To understand better why interruption lags are effective, we present a series of three experiments in which we develop and test a novel sequential decision-making paradigm, the mazing race. We find that interruption lags were only beneficial when participants had a clear strategy for how to complete the task, allowing them to avoid specific errors. In the final experiment, we attempted to use what we learned about the kinds of errors introduced by interruptions to develop a feedback-based intervention, aimed at dealing with situations in which interruption lags are not possible. We found that feedback was, only in certain situations, an effective replacement for an interruption lag. Overall, however, because the usefulness of interruption lags depend on the specific strategy a participant adopts, developing generic interventions to replace interruption lags is likely to be difficult. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":"29 3","pages":"654-675"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9881953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Supplemental Material for Racial Bias in Perceptions of Children’s Pain 儿童疼痛感知中的种族偏见补充材料

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000491.supp

引用次数: 0

Supplemental Material for Speeding Lectures to Make Time for Retrieval Practice: Can We Improve the Efficiency of Interpolated Testing? 加速讲课的补充材料，为检索练习腾出时间:我们能提高插值测试的效率吗?

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000494.supp

引用次数: 0