Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied最新文献_第10页

Enhancing declarative concept application: The utility of examples as primary targets of learning. 加强陈述性概念的应用:将实例作为学习的主要目标。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000432

Kathryn T Wissman, Amanda Zamary, Katherine A Rawson, John Dunlosky

{"title":"Enhancing declarative concept application: The utility of examples as primary targets of learning.","authors":"Kathryn T Wissman, Amanda Zamary, Katherine A Rawson, John Dunlosky","doi":"10.1037/xap0000432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000432","url":null,"abstract":"Declarative concepts are abstract concepts denoted by key terms and short definitions that can be applied in a variety of scenarios (e.g., positive reinforcement in psychology; Rawson et al., 2015). One common learning goal for declarative concepts is to instill knowledge that students can use to support the application of content in novel scenarios. Given theoretical perspectives and empirical evidence from related literatures, one promising approach for supporting declarative concept application is learning examples. The purpose of the current research was to evaluate the utility of using examples as primary targets of learning for declarative concept application. In two experiments, participants read a textbook passage that included the definition and an example of 10 declarative concepts. Participants then learned the target material by recalling either the definition or the example of each concept. Across both experiments, declarative concept application was greater following practice focused on learning examples versus definitions. Results suggest that using this strategy may be an effective technique for supporting the application of definitions, which are foundational to many introductory courses. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":"29 2","pages":"341-357"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9570379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Repeating head fakes in basketball: Temporal aspects affect the congruency sequence effect and the size of the head-fake effect. 篮球重复头球:时间因素影响一致性序列效应和头球效应的大小。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000419

Andrea Polzien, Iris Güldenpenning, Matthias Weigelt

{"title":"Repeating head fakes in basketball: Temporal aspects affect the congruency sequence effect and the size of the head-fake effect.","authors":"Andrea Polzien, Iris Güldenpenning, Matthias Weigelt","doi":"10.1037/xap0000419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000419","url":null,"abstract":"The head fake in basketball is used to hinder the anticipation performance of an opponent. During a head fake, a player turns the head into one direction, but passes the ball to the opposite direction. Several studies showed that responses to the pass direction are slower when a basketball player applies a head fake, which is known as the head-fake effect. While this effect in general is very robust, some studies showed a modulation by the trial sequence, signified by a reduced or eliminated effect when two head fakes are performed in succession. The present study examined the question how this so-called congruency sequence effect (CSE) is influenced by different timings. To this end, the interval between the response to the previous target and the onset of the next target (response-stimulus interval [RSI]; Experiment 1) and the interval between two targets (interstimulus interval [ISI]; Experiment 2) were manipulated. Results revealed a CSE for the short ISI (500 ms), and even a reversed effect for the short RSI (500 ms). Interestingly, the intermediate (2,000 ms) and long (5,000 ms) ISIs and RSIs did not show a CSE, but also no head-fake effect. Results are discussed regarding practical demands and theoretical implications. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":"29 2","pages":"292-301"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9572978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

What is the impact of interleaving practice and delaying judgments on the accuracy of category-learning judgments? 交错练习和延迟判断对类别学习判断的准确性有何影响?

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000444

Nathaniel L Foster, Michael L Mueller, John Dunlosky, Lauren Finkenthal

{"title":"What is the impact of interleaving practice and delaying judgments on the accuracy of category-learning judgments?","authors":"Nathaniel L Foster, Michael L Mueller, John Dunlosky, Lauren Finkenthal","doi":"10.1037/xap0000444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000444","url":null,"abstract":"How could people enhance the accuracy of judgments for predicting math performance on an upcoming test? Research on category-learning judgments shows that their accuracy is poor for predicting performance for mathematics concepts. Based on cue-utilization theory, interleaved practice (which can enhance performance) and delaying judgments after initial study were expected to produce diagnostic cues for predicting performance and in turn improve judgment accuracy. In three experiments, we had participants practice solving problems involving (a) volumes of three-dimensional shapes (Experiments 1, 2, and 3) and (b) fractions (Experiments 1 and 3). Critically, participants either interleaved or blocked their practice of these math materials, and then judgments were made immediately after practice and after a week-long delay when participants returned for the criterion test. Judgment accuracy did not improve for the interleaved practice versus blocked practice groups, but judgment accuracy was greater when the judgments were delayed compared to when they were immediate. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":"29 2","pages":"374-385"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9568120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cause typicality and the continued influence effect. 导致典型性和持续的影响效应。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000454

Patrick R Rich, Amalia M Donovan, David N Rapp

{"title":"Cause typicality and the continued influence effect.","authors":"Patrick R Rich, Amalia M Donovan, David N Rapp","doi":"10.1037/xap0000454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000454","url":null,"abstract":"A large body of research has focused on whether and how readers update their knowledge of events when an initial piece of causal information is corrected. These studies have indicated that corrections can reduce, but do not eliminate, readers' reliance on the initial cause when drawing inferences or making decisions about the events (i.e., the continued influence effect). Additional studies suggest that supplementing a correction with an alternative cause can further reduce reliance on discredited initial causes. In three experiments, we interrogated the importance of cause typicality for the generalizable utility of these correction strategies by manipulating the typicality of initial and alternative causes. We found evidence that participants showed greater reliance on a typical than an atypical initial cause both before and after correction, but no consistent evidence that this typicality impacted the effectiveness of the correction. Furthermore, the typicality of the alternative causes used to supplement a correction did not seem to matter with respect to updating. These results highlight the importance that characteristics of an initial cause can have for event encodings and corrections, identifying critical boundary conditions for understanding the effects of corrections on knowledge revision and the continued influence effect. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":"29 2","pages":"221-238"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9569698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deliberative thinking increases tolerance of minority group practices: Testing a dual-process model of tolerance. 审慎思维增加对少数群体行为的容忍:对容忍的双过程模型的检验。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000429

Maykel Verkuyten, Anniek Schlette, Levi Adelman, Kumar Yogeeswaran

引用次数: 3

Public reactions to instances of workplace gender discrimination. 公众对职场性别歧视的反应。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000433

Benedikt Schnurr, Christoph Fuchs

{"title":"Public reactions to instances of workplace gender discrimination.","authors":"Benedikt Schnurr, Christoph Fuchs","doi":"10.1037/xap0000433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000433","url":null,"abstract":"The number of people witnessing or experiencing gender discrimination at work is still high around the globe. While the existing literature has investigated potential mechanisms underlying gender discrimination and the consequences of experiencing gender discrimination at work, it remains unclear how third-party observers-as opposed to employees or coworkers-react to specific instances of workplace gender discrimination. The results of six experiments demonstrate that (a) people in general judge organizational decisions that discriminate against individual male (vs. female) workers as more legitimate and (b) this difference in legitimacy judgments is significantly greater among women than men. This discrepancy in legitimacy judgments occurs because women (more than men) consider the collective situation of female and male workers when judging the legitimacy of organizational decisions that discriminate against individual workers based on gender. These findings document how group-level concerns shape people's legitimacy judgments of organizational decisions discriminating against individuals and equip organizations and policymakers with a better understanding of people's polarized opinions regarding gender discrimination at the workplace. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":"29 2","pages":"451-466"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9573409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Follow my example, for better and for worse: The influence of behavioral traces on recycling decisions. 以我为例，无论好坏:行为痕迹对回收决策的影响。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000452

Sabine Topf, Maarten Speekenbrink

{"title":"Follow my example, for better and for worse: The influence of behavioral traces on recycling decisions.","authors":"Sabine Topf, Maarten Speekenbrink","doi":"10.1037/xap0000452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000452","url":null,"abstract":"Recycling behavior can recover valuable materials and mitigate green house gas emissions from landfills and incinerators. The potential positive impact of individuals' recycling behavior depends on others also making an effort, for instance, avoiding contamination. Knowing what other people have done may therefore influence recycling behavior. Behavioral traces are evidence of other people's behavior in a shared environment. Here, they relate to waste items already placed in one of two bins, a mixed recycling bin and a nonrecyclable waste bin. In two online experiments and one real-life intervention study, we investigate the role of behavioral traces on the willingness to recycle as well as the correctness of recycling. We find that seeing behavioral traces of previous recycling behavior makes recycling generally more likely, and people tend to copy item placement. This in turn increases correctness in groups where the average individual has good knowledge of recycling. Introducing correct items at the start of the day in the intervention study did not increase correctness, possibly because the correct items were soon buried by other items. Implications and future directions are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":"29 2","pages":"189-206"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9592923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rejecters overestimate the negative consequences they will face from refusal. 拒绝者高估了被拒绝所带来的负面影响。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000457

Jingyi Lu, Qingwen Fang, Tian Qiu

引用次数: 1

People think the everyday effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are not as bad for people in poverty. 人们认为COVID-19大流行对贫困人口的日常影响没有那么严重。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000442

Nathan N Cheek

引用次数: 3

Watching the mimickers: Mimicry and identity in observed interactions. 观察模仿者:观察到的相互作用中的模仿者和同一性。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000462

Christian Bretter, Kerrie L Unsworth, Mark A Robinson

{"title":"Watching the mimickers: Mimicry and identity in observed interactions.","authors":"Christian Bretter, Kerrie L Unsworth, Mark A Robinson","doi":"10.1037/xap0000462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000462","url":null,"abstract":"Mimicry enhances one's judgments of the mimicker when it is directed toward the self. However, often interactions do not involve only the participants; observers also judge people, and such judgments are influenced by social identities. So, does mimicry also have positive effects even on observers' evaluations of the mimicker? Furthermore, does that hold even if the mimicker is an out-group member? To answer these questions, we used two video experiments (N₁ = 377; N₂ = 670) to compare mimicry and neutral (no mimicry) interactions between two individuals who were primed to be in either the participant's in-group or out-group. In both studies, we found the expected negative out-group bias when participants observed the neutral interaction but only for competence-related variables. However, such biases were diminished in the mimicry condition, indicating that mimicry, even when it is merely observed and directed at someone else, may alter mimicker-related attitudes stemming from social identities. Our findings therefore contribute to the literature on reducing intergroup prejudice by demonstrating the behavior-based malleability of a negative out-group bias. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":"29 2","pages":"398-413"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9573464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3