Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied最新文献_第10页

Information processing biases: The effects of negative emotional symptoms on sampling pleasant and unpleasant information. 信息加工偏差:负性情绪症状对愉快和不愉快信息取样的影响。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000450

Steffen A Herff, Ina Dorsheimer, Brigitte Dahmen, Jon B Prince

{"title":"Information processing biases: The effects of negative emotional symptoms on sampling pleasant and unpleasant information.","authors":"Steffen A Herff, Ina Dorsheimer, Brigitte Dahmen, Jon B Prince","doi":"10.1037/xap0000450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000450","url":null,"abstract":"Although theories of emotion associate negative emotional symptoms with cognitive biases in information processing, they rarely specify the details. Here, we characterize cognitive biases in information processing of pleasant and unpleasant information, and how these biases covary with anxious and depressive symptoms, while controlling for general stress and cognitive ability. Forty undergraduates provided emotional symptom scores (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21) and performed a statistical learning task that required predicting the next sound in a long sequence of either pleasant or unpleasant naturalistic sounds (blocks). We used an information weights framework to determine if the degree of behavioral change associated with observing either confirmatory (\"B\" follows \"A\") or disconfirmatory (\"B\" does not follow \"A\") transitions differs for pleasant and unpleasant sounds. Bayesian mixed-effects models revealed that negative emotional symptom scores predicted performance as well as processing biases of pleasant and unpleasant information. Further, information weights differed between pleasant and unpleasant information, and importantly, this difference varied based on symptom scores. For example, higher depressive symptom scores predicted a bias of underutilizing disconfirmatory information in unpleasant content. These findings have implications for models of emotional disorders by offering a mechanistic explanation and formalization of the associated cognitive biases. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":"29 2","pages":"259-279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9561218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

When do consumers favor overly precise information about investment returns? 什么时候消费者喜欢过于精确的投资回报信息?

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000465

Eleonore Batteux, Avri Bilovich, Zarema Khon, Samuel G B Johnson, David Tuckett

引用次数: 0

What determines hindsight bias in written work? One field and three experimental studies in the context of Wikipedia. 是什么决定了书面工作中的后见之明偏见?维基百科背景下的一个领域和三个实验研究。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000445

Marcel Meuer, Steffen Nestler, Aileen Oeberst

{"title":"What determines hindsight bias in written work? One field and three experimental studies in the context of Wikipedia.","authors":"Marcel Meuer, Steffen Nestler, Aileen Oeberst","doi":"10.1037/xap0000445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000445","url":null,"abstract":"Hindsight bias not only occurs in individual perception but in written work (e.g., Wikipedia articles) as well. To avoid the possibility that biased written representations of events distort the views of broad audiences, one needs to understand the factors that determine hindsight bias in written work. Therefore, we tested the effect of three potential determinants: the extent to which an event evokes sense-making motivation, the availability of verifiable causal information regarding the event, and the provision of content policies. We conducted one field study examining real Wikipedia articles (N = 40) and three preregistered experimental studies in which participants wrote or edited articles based on different materials (total N = 720). In each experiment, we systematically varied one determinant. Findings provide further-and even more general-support that Wikipedia articles about various events contain hindsight bias. The magnitude of hindsight bias in written work was contingent on the sense-making motivation and the availability of causal information. We did not find support for the effect of content policies. Findings are in line with causal model theory and suggest that some types and topics of written work might be particularly biased by hindsight (e.g., coverage of disasters, research reports, written expert opinions). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":"29 2","pages":"239-258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9925267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mild aggressive behavior and images of real-life violence. 轻微的攻击性行为和现实生活中的暴力画面。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000478

Todd S Sechser, Abigail S Post

引用次数: 0

Do partial and distributed tests enhance new learning? 局部测试和分布式测试能促进新知识的学习吗?

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000440

Hilary J Don, Chunliang Yang, Shaun Boustani, David R Shanks

引用次数: 1

Imagine distant-future outcome: Mental simulation of COVID-19 vaccinations. 想象一下遥远未来的结果:心理模拟COVID-19疫苗接种。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000472

Kosuke Motoki, Toshiki Saito, Yuji Takano

{"title":"Imagine distant-future outcome: Mental simulation of COVID-19 vaccinations.","authors":"Kosuke Motoki, Toshiki Saito, Yuji Takano","doi":"10.1037/xap0000472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000472","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic is a global public health crisis. Although it has been expected that the vaccination of COVID-19 mitigates the crisis, some people are reluctant to receive the COVID-19 vaccination. Based on the theory of mental simulation and affective forecasting, we investigated how mental simulations influence COVID-19 vaccination intention. Three preregistered experiments were conducted (total n = 970). Experiment 1 tested for whether outcome (vs. process) simulation would increase COVID-19 vaccination intention. Experiment 2 explored whether temporal proximity of simulations (distant-future outcome, near-future outcome, process) modulate the effects of mental simulation on expected emotion and COVID-19 vaccination intention. Experiment 3 examined the role of the number of sensory modalities (multisensory, unisensory) in mental simulations. The result of Experiment 1 (n = 271) demonstrated that outcome (vs. process) simulation of the COVID-19 vaccination led to greater COVID-19 vaccination intention. The result of Experiment 2 (n = 227) revealed that distant-future outcome simulation (vs. near-future outcome simulation, process simulation) increased expected positivity and then enhanced COVID-19 vaccination intention. The result of Experiment 3 (n = 472) also demonstrated that distant-future outcome simulation (vs. near-future outcome simulation, process simulation) increased expected positivity and then enhanced COVID-19 vaccination intention regardless of the number of sensory modalities to be simulated. Our findings reveal how mental simulations influence COVID-19 vaccination intention and provide practical implications for effective health communication strategies for the COVID-19 vaccination intention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":"29 2","pages":"207-220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9562770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Finding the perfect match: Fingerprint expertise facilitates statistical learning and visual comparison decision-making. 寻找完美匹配:指纹专业知识有助于统计学习和视觉比较决策。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000422

Bethany Growns, Erwin J A T Mattijssen, Jessica M Salerno, N J Schweitzer, Simon A Cole, Kristy A Martire

{"title":"Finding the perfect match: Fingerprint expertise facilitates statistical learning and visual comparison decision-making.","authors":"Bethany Growns, Erwin J A T Mattijssen, Jessica M Salerno, N J Schweitzer, Simon A Cole, Kristy A Martire","doi":"10.1037/xap0000422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000422","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic feature-comparison examiners compare-or \"match\"-evidence samples (e.g., fingerprints) to provide judgments about the source of the evidence. Research demonstrates that examiners in select disciplines possess expertise in this task by outperforming novices-yet the psychological mechanisms underpinning this expertise are unclear. This article investigates one implicated mechanism: statistical learning, the ability to learn how often things occur in the environment. This ability is likely important in forensic decision-making as samples sharing rarer statistical information are more likely to come from the same source than those sharing more common information. We investigated 46 fingerprint examiners' and 52 novices' statistical learning of fingerprint categories and application of this knowledge in a source-likelihood judgment task. Participants completed four measures of their statistical learning (frequency discrimination judgments, bounded and unbounded frequency estimates, and source-likelihood judgments) before and after familiarization to the \"ground-truth\" category frequencies. Compared to novices, fingerprint examiners had superior domain-specific statistical learning across all measures-both before and after familiarization. This suggests that fingerprint expertise facilitates domain-specific statistical learning-something that has important theoretical and applied implications for the development of training programs and statistical databases in forensic science. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":"29 2","pages":"386-397"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9941661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Enhancing declarative concept application: The utility of examples as primary targets of learning. 加强陈述性概念的应用:将实例作为学习的主要目标。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000432

Kathryn T Wissman, Amanda Zamary, Katherine A Rawson, John Dunlosky

{"title":"Enhancing declarative concept application: The utility of examples as primary targets of learning.","authors":"Kathryn T Wissman, Amanda Zamary, Katherine A Rawson, John Dunlosky","doi":"10.1037/xap0000432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000432","url":null,"abstract":"Declarative concepts are abstract concepts denoted by key terms and short definitions that can be applied in a variety of scenarios (e.g., positive reinforcement in psychology; Rawson et al., 2015). One common learning goal for declarative concepts is to instill knowledge that students can use to support the application of content in novel scenarios. Given theoretical perspectives and empirical evidence from related literatures, one promising approach for supporting declarative concept application is learning examples. The purpose of the current research was to evaluate the utility of using examples as primary targets of learning for declarative concept application. In two experiments, participants read a textbook passage that included the definition and an example of 10 declarative concepts. Participants then learned the target material by recalling either the definition or the example of each concept. Across both experiments, declarative concept application was greater following practice focused on learning examples versus definitions. Results suggest that using this strategy may be an effective technique for supporting the application of definitions, which are foundational to many introductory courses. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":"29 2","pages":"341-357"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9570379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Repeating head fakes in basketball: Temporal aspects affect the congruency sequence effect and the size of the head-fake effect. 篮球重复头球:时间因素影响一致性序列效应和头球效应的大小。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000419

Andrea Polzien, Iris Güldenpenning, Matthias Weigelt

{"title":"Repeating head fakes in basketball: Temporal aspects affect the congruency sequence effect and the size of the head-fake effect.","authors":"Andrea Polzien, Iris Güldenpenning, Matthias Weigelt","doi":"10.1037/xap0000419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000419","url":null,"abstract":"The head fake in basketball is used to hinder the anticipation performance of an opponent. During a head fake, a player turns the head into one direction, but passes the ball to the opposite direction. Several studies showed that responses to the pass direction are slower when a basketball player applies a head fake, which is known as the head-fake effect. While this effect in general is very robust, some studies showed a modulation by the trial sequence, signified by a reduced or eliminated effect when two head fakes are performed in succession. The present study examined the question how this so-called congruency sequence effect (CSE) is influenced by different timings. To this end, the interval between the response to the previous target and the onset of the next target (response-stimulus interval [RSI]; Experiment 1) and the interval between two targets (interstimulus interval [ISI]; Experiment 2) were manipulated. Results revealed a CSE for the short ISI (500 ms), and even a reversed effect for the short RSI (500 ms). Interestingly, the intermediate (2,000 ms) and long (5,000 ms) ISIs and RSIs did not show a CSE, but also no head-fake effect. Results are discussed regarding practical demands and theoretical implications. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":"29 2","pages":"292-301"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9572978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

What is the impact of interleaving practice and delaying judgments on the accuracy of category-learning judgments? 交错练习和延迟判断对类别学习判断的准确性有何影响?

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000444

Nathaniel L Foster, Michael L Mueller, John Dunlosky, Lauren Finkenthal

{"title":"What is the impact of interleaving practice and delaying judgments on the accuracy of category-learning judgments?","authors":"Nathaniel L Foster, Michael L Mueller, John Dunlosky, Lauren Finkenthal","doi":"10.1037/xap0000444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000444","url":null,"abstract":"How could people enhance the accuracy of judgments for predicting math performance on an upcoming test? Research on category-learning judgments shows that their accuracy is poor for predicting performance for mathematics concepts. Based on cue-utilization theory, interleaved practice (which can enhance performance) and delaying judgments after initial study were expected to produce diagnostic cues for predicting performance and in turn improve judgment accuracy. In three experiments, we had participants practice solving problems involving (a) volumes of three-dimensional shapes (Experiments 1, 2, and 3) and (b) fractions (Experiments 1 and 3). Critically, participants either interleaved or blocked their practice of these math materials, and then judgments were made immediately after practice and after a week-long delay when participants returned for the criterion test. Judgment accuracy did not improve for the interleaved practice versus blocked practice groups, but judgment accuracy was greater when the judgments were delayed compared to when they were immediate. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":"29 2","pages":"374-385"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9568120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0