Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied最新文献_第4页

Stereotypes and emotions as moderators of risk and race in judgments about juvenile probationers. 在对青少年缓刑犯的判断中，刻板印象和情绪是风险和种族的调节因素。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-05 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000496

Taylor Petty, Richard L Wiener

{"title":"Stereotypes and emotions as moderators of risk and race in judgments about juvenile probationers.","authors":"Taylor Petty, Richard L Wiener","doi":"10.1037/xap0000496","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000496","url":null,"abstract":"Little research has explored the psychological mechanisms underlying racial disparities in the juvenile justice system. In Phase 1, of our mock officer paradigm, participants completed a stereotype content model survey comparing ratings of warmth and competence between juvenile delinquents and other social categories. In Phase 2, participants reviewed a predisposition investigation and made predictions about offender dangerousness and adherence to probation. Randomly assigned to experience fear, anger, or a neutral emotion, participants reviewed either a Black or White juvenile with no risk information versus low-, moderate-, or high-risk information. Participants stereotyped juvenile delinquents as low in warmth and competence and found those individuals extreme on these dimensions more dangerous. However, in some situations, stereotypical warmth interacted with emotions, risk, and race to exert a protective influence; in other situations, it was neutral, and in still others it was detrimental to the youth. For example, fearful participants provided lower dangerousness ratings to a White, high-risk offender as stereotypic warmth increased but this protective effect disappeared for high-risk Black offenders. Furthermore, irrespective of race, increases in warmth predicted higher dangerousness for low- and moderate-risk youth supporting the activation of a less \"cold\" stereotype that makes youthful offenders appear more dangerous. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"91-107"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41177279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Racial bias in perceptions of children's pain. 对儿童痛苦认知中的种族偏见。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000491

Kevin M Summers, Shane Pitts, E Paige Lloyd

{"title":"Racial bias in perceptions of children's pain.","authors":"Kevin M Summers, Shane Pitts, E Paige Lloyd","doi":"10.1037/xap0000491","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000491","url":null,"abstract":"Across eight experiments, we investigated whether adult perceivers (both lay perceivers and elementary school teachers) evaluate children's pain differently depending on the child's race. We found evidence that adults varying in racial and ethnic identities (but primarily White) believed 4- to 6-year-old Black children felt less pain than 4- to 6-year-old White children (Experiments 1-7), and this effect was not moderated by child sex (Experiments 6-7). We also examined perceptions of life hardship as a mediator of this race-to-pain effect, finding that adults evaluated Black children as having lived harder lives and thus as feeling less pain than White children (Experiments 1-3). Finally, we examined downstream consequences for hypothetical treatment recommendations among samples of both lay perceivers and elementary school teachers. We found that adults' perceptions of pain sensitivity were linked with hypothetical pain treatment decisions (Experiments 5a-7). Thus, we consistently observed that adults' race-based pain stereotypes biased evaluations of 4- to 6-year-old children's pain and may influence pain care. This racial bias in evaluations of young children's pain has implications for psychological theory and equitable treatment of children's pain. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"135-155"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10171838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Scrolling through fake news: The effect of presentation order on misinformation retention. 滚动浏览假新闻：呈现顺序对错误信息保留的影响。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000480

Yashi Edelijn, Vilde Dille Øvreeide, Steven Verheyen

{"title":"Scrolling through fake news: The effect of presentation order on misinformation retention.","authors":"Yashi Edelijn, Vilde Dille Øvreeide, Steven Verheyen","doi":"10.1037/xap0000480","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000480","url":null,"abstract":"Sharing information in real time leaves little room for double-checking. This leads to an abundance of low-quality information that might later need to be corrected and provides a foundation on which false beliefs can arise. Today, the general population often consults digital media platforms for news content. Because of the sheer amount of news articles and the various ways digital media platforms organize material, readers may encounter news articles with faulty content and their subsequent corrections in various orders. They might read the misinformation before the corrected version or vice versa. We conducted two studies in which participants were presented with two reports of a news event: one report that included a piece of misinformation and one report in which that misinformation was retracted. The order in which the two reports were encountered was manipulated. In Study 1, the retraction contained an explicit reminder of the misinformation; in Study 2, it did not. Neither Study 1 nor Study 2 found an effect of presentation order on misinformation reliance. These findings run counter to predictions by those accounts of the continued influence effect that suggest a better encoding of retractions and subsequent lesser reliance on misinformation when retractions are encountered first. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"16-32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9522376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Us versus them: The role of national identity in the formation of false memories for fake news. 我们与他们：国家身份在假新闻虚假记忆形成中的作用。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000498

Treasa Delaney, Laura Castillo, Maximillian A Friehs, Benjamin Buttlar, Ciara M Greene

{"title":"Us versus them: The role of national identity in the formation of false memories for fake news.","authors":"Treasa Delaney, Laura Castillo, Maximillian A Friehs, Benjamin Buttlar, Ciara M Greene","doi":"10.1037/xap0000498","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000498","url":null,"abstract":"People are prone to forming false memories for fictitious events described in fake news stories. In this preregistered study, we hypothesized that the formation of false memories may be promoted when the fake news includes stereotypes that reflect positively on one's own nationality or negatively on another nationality. We exposed German and Irish participants (N = 1,184) to fabricated news stories that were consistent with positive or negative stereotypes about Germany and Ireland. The predicted three-way interaction was not observed. Exploratory follow-up analyses revealed the expected pattern of results for German participants but not for Irish participants, who were more likely to remember positive stories and stories about Ireland. Individual differences in patriotism did not significantly affect false memory rates; however, higher levels of cognitive ability and analytical reasoning decreased false memories and increased participants' ability to distinguish between true and false news stories. These results demonstrate that stereotypical information pertaining to national identity can influence the formation of false memories for fake news, but variations in cultural context may affect how misinformation is received and processed. We conclude by urging researchers to consider the sociopolitical and media landscape when predicting the consequences of fake news exposure. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"33-47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71414745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The impact of probabilistic tornado warnings on risk perceptions and responses. 龙卷风概率预警对风险认知和反应的影响。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000486

Chao Qin, Susan Joslyn, Sonia Savelli, Julie Demuth, Rebecca Morss, Kevin Ash

{"title":"The impact of probabilistic tornado warnings on risk perceptions and responses.","authors":"Chao Qin, Susan Joslyn, Sonia Savelli, Julie Demuth, Rebecca Morss, Kevin Ash","doi":"10.1037/xap0000486","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000486","url":null,"abstract":"Many warnings issued to members of the public are deterministic in that they do not include event likelihood information. This is true of the current polygon-based tornado warning used by the American National Weather Service, although the likelihood of a tornado varies within the boundaries of the polygon. To test whether adding likelihood information benefits end users, two experimental studies and one in-person interview study were conducted. The experimental studies compared five probabilistic formats, two with color and three with numeric probabilities alone, to the deterministic polygon. In both experiments, probabilistic formats led to better understanding of tornado likelihood and higher trust than the polygon alone, although color-coding led to several misunderstandings. When the polygon boundary was drawn at 10% chance, those using probabilistic formats made fewer correct shelter decisions at low probabilities and more correct shelter decisions at high probabilities compared to those using the deterministic warning, although overall decision quality, operationalized as expected value, did not differ. However, when the polygon boundary was drawn around 30%, participants with probabilistic forecasts had higher expected value. The interview study revealed that, although tornado-experienced individuals would not shelter at 10% chance, they would take intermediate actions, such as information-seeking and sharing. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"206-239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9835215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gender equality eliminates gender gaps in engagement with female-stereotypic domains. 性别平等消除了在参与女性陈规定型领域方面的性别差距。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000459

Corinne A Moss-Racusin, Samantha A Rapp, Sophie S Brown, Kerry A O'Brien, Alyssa Croft

{"title":"Gender equality eliminates gender gaps in engagement with female-stereotypic domains.","authors":"Corinne A Moss-Racusin, Samantha A Rapp, Sophie S Brown, Kerry A O'Brien, Alyssa Croft","doi":"10.1037/xap0000459","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000459","url":null,"abstract":"Although prior work reveals that gender bias against women produces gender gaps favoring men in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics engagement, research has yet to explore whether gender bias against men produces gender gaps favoring women in health care, early education, and domestic (HEED) engagement. Supporting preregistered predictions, results from an online study with MTurkers (N = 296) and a laboratory study with college students (N = 275) revealed that men expressed less sense of belonging, positivity toward, and aspirations to participate in HEED (and anticipated more discrimination) than did women when exposed to the reality of antimale gender biases in these domains. However, when told that HEED displays gender equality, men's engagement matched women's. Moderated mediation analyses revealed the importance of sense of belonging (and to a lesser extent, anticipated discrimination) in explaining why gender bias leads men to express less HEED positivity and aspirations than women. The current research thus provided novel evidence suggesting that gender bias contributes to men's underrepresentation in HEED, with important implications for broader occupational gender segregation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"62-73"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10419992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interactive crowdsourcing to fact-check politicians. 互动式众包对政客进行事实核查。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000492

Santos Espina Mairal, Florencia Bustos, Guillermo Solovey, Joaquín Navajas

{"title":"Interactive crowdsourcing to fact-check politicians.","authors":"Santos Espina Mairal, Florencia Bustos, Guillermo Solovey, Joaquín Navajas","doi":"10.1037/xap0000492","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000492","url":null,"abstract":"The discourse of political leaders often contains false information that can misguide the public. Fact-checking agencies around the world try to reduce the negative influence of politicians by verifying their words. However, these agencies face a problem of scalability and require innovative solutions to deal with their growing amount of work. While the previous studies have shown that crowdsourcing is a promising approach to fact-check news in a scalable manner, it remains unclear whether crowdsourced judgements are useful to verify the speech of politicians. This article fills that gap by studying the effect of social influence on the accuracy of collective judgements about the veracity of political speech. In this work, we performed two experiments (Study 1: N = 180; Study 2: N = 240) where participants judged the veracity of 20 politically balanced phrases. Then, they were exposed to social information from politically homogeneous or heterogeneous participants. Finally, they provided revised individual judgements. We found that only heterogeneous social influence increased the accuracy of participants compared to a control condition. Overall, our results uncover the effect of social influence on the accuracy of collective judgements about the veracity of political speech and show how interactive crowdsourcing strategies can help fact-checking agencies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"3-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10495682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Finding your roots: Do DNA ancestry tests increase racial (in)tolerance? 寻根：DNA祖先测试会增加种族（不）宽容吗？

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000488

Sasha Y Kimel, Kinga M Bierwiaczonek, Milan Obaidi, Anita Foeman, Bessie Lawton, James Sidanius, Jonas R Kunst

{"title":"Finding your roots: Do DNA ancestry tests increase racial (in)tolerance?","authors":"Sasha Y Kimel, Kinga M Bierwiaczonek, Milan Obaidi, Anita Foeman, Bessie Lawton, James Sidanius, Jonas R Kunst","doi":"10.1037/xap0000488","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000488","url":null,"abstract":"While it is often assumed that Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ancestry results illuminate one's true racial or ethnic lineage, the consequence of this inference remains largely unknown. This leaves two conflictual hypotheses largely untested: Do DNA ancestry tests increase racial tolerance or, alternatively, racial intolerance? Two multiwave experiments aimed to test these hypotheses using either real or bogus DNA ancestry results in combination with random assignment and a tightly controlled repeated-measurements experimental design. Bayesian and inferential analyses on both general and student populations of majority-group members in the United States (i.e., White/European Americans) indicated no support for either hypothesis on measures including multiculturalism, essentialism, and outgroup bias, even when moderating factors such as the degree of unexpected ancestry and genetic knowledge were considered. Despite wide societal optimism as well as concern, receiving DNA ancestry results appears not to impact feelings and attitudes about other racial and ethnic groups. Implications for prospective test-takers and education are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"120-134"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138812238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The commission effect: Framing affects perceived magnitude of identical payouts. 佣金效应：框架影响对相同报酬的感知程度。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2022-07-21 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000441

Mathew S Isaac, Julio Sevilla, Rajesh Bagchi

引用次数: 0

Planning-to-binge: Time allocation for future media consumption. 计划狂欢：未来媒体消费的时间分配

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-15 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000482

Joy Lu, Uma R Karmarkar, Vinod Venkatraman

{"title":"Planning-to-binge: Time allocation for future media consumption.","authors":"Joy Lu, Uma R Karmarkar, Vinod Venkatraman","doi":"10.1037/xap0000482","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000482","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of streaming media has led firms to embrace the phenomenon of \"binge-watching\" by offering entire multipart series simultaneously. Such \"on-demand\" availability allows consumers to choose how to allocate future viewing time, but such decisions have received little attention in the literature. Across several studies, we show that individuals can plan binging in advance by allocating time in ways that aggregate episode consumption. Thus, we expand our understanding of media consumption to a new timepoint, distinct from \"in-the-moment\" viewing. We demonstrate that planning-to-binge preferences are flexible and shaped by perceptions of the media of interest. In particular, they are greater for content whose episodes are perceived as more sequential and connected, as opposed to independent. Since our framework focuses on the media's structural continuity, it applies across hedonic and utilitarian time use, motivations, and content, including \"binge-learning\" plans for online education. Furthermore, increased plans-to-binge can be triggered by merely framing content as more sequential versus independent. Finally, consumers are willing to spend both money and time for the future opportunity to binge, and more so for sequential content. These findings suggest ways media companies may strategically emphasize content structure to influence consumer decisions and media viewing styles. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"169-186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9640403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0