Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied最新文献_第3页

Time on task effects during interactive visual search. 交互式视觉搜索中的任务时间效应

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000521

Hayward J Godwin, Simon P Liversedge, Natalie Mestry, Haden Dewis, Nick Donnelly

{"title":"Time on task effects during interactive visual search.","authors":"Hayward J Godwin, Simon P Liversedge, Natalie Mestry, Haden Dewis, Nick Donnelly","doi":"10.1037/xap0000521","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000521","url":null,"abstract":"There is a major shift taking place in airports across the globe, changing from 2D dual-view X-ray screening to 3D computed tomography (CT) screening. 3D CT screening is believed to improve target detection since it enables screeners to interact with images of passenger baggage (i.e., rotating and zooming into the displays). The change in screening technology is moving what was once a purely visual search task to an interactive search task. Here, we conducted two experiments with a large sample size during February of 2023 (695 participants) to examine (a) changes in search performance between a simulated dual-view and simulated interactive search task and (b) the effects of time on task upon performance. Consistent with past research, we found that interactive search, when compared with dual-view search, produced higher response accuracy rates coupled with increased reaction times (RTs). However, while we found effects of time on task (RTs reduced, and participants became more likely to respond \"absent\" as the experiments progressed), there was no evidence that these effects differed across simulated dual-view and simulated interactive searches. The results are discussed in relation to benefits of interactive search for supporting target detection by airport screeners. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"40-57"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Computer-based voice familiarization, delivered remotely using an online platform, improves speech intelligibility for older and younger adults. 基于计算机的语音熟悉，使用在线平台远程交付，提高了老年人和年轻人的语音清晰度。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000522

Wansu Zhu, Emma Holmes

{"title":"Computer-based voice familiarization, delivered remotely using an online platform, improves speech intelligibility for older and younger adults.","authors":"Wansu Zhu, Emma Holmes","doi":"10.1037/xap0000522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000522","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding speech in noisy environments is often challenging, but is easier if we are listening to someone familiar-for example, naturally familiar people (e.g., friends, partners) or voices that have been familiarized artificially in the lab. Thus, familiarizing people with voices they regularly encounter (e.g., new friends and colleagues) could improve speech intelligibility in everyday life, which might be particularly useful for people who struggle to comprehend speech in noisy environments, such as older adults. Yet, we do not currently understand whether computer-based voice familiarization is effective when delivered remotely, outside of a lab setting, and whether it is effective for older adults. Here, in an online computer-based study, we examined whether learned voices are more intelligible than unfamiliar voices in 20 older (55-73 years) and 20 younger (18-34 years) adults. Both groups benefited from training, and the magnitude of the intelligibility benefit (approximately 30% improvement in sentence report, or 9 dB release from masking) was similar between groups. These findings demonstrate that older adults can learn new voices as effectively as younger adults for improving speech intelligibility, even given a relatively short (< 1 hr) duration of familiarization that is delivered in the comfort of their own homes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142802645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of mental representation in sharing misinformation online. 心理表征在网络分享错误信息中的作用。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000517

David A Broniatowski, Pedram Hosseini, Ethan V Porter, Thomas J Wood

{"title":"The role of mental representation in sharing misinformation online.","authors":"David A Broniatowski, Pedram Hosseini, Ethan V Porter, Thomas J Wood","doi":"10.1037/xap0000517","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000517","url":null,"abstract":"Fuzzy-trace theory (FTT) posits that people share misinformation online if it promotes gist mental representations, cuing motivationally relevant values. Most people value the truth. Thus, per FTT, people decide to share messages that they perceive as true. FTT also predicts that messages will be more effective if they communicate a simple gist. We test these predictions by examining the roles of mental representation and epistemic quality in decisions to share misinformative articles on Facebook across two experiments and two correlational studies. In Studies 1 and 2, we use Facebook data to test the hypothesis that gist proxies in text are associated with online sharing. In Study 3, we experimentally manipulate subjects' exposure to a gist-based intervention that explains why a misinformative article is false, a simple debunk stating only that the article is false (but not explaining why) and a verbatim condition providing relevant detailed information but allowing subjects to draw their own conclusions. We found that the gist condition decreased intentions to share misinformation. Finally, in Study 4, we replicated this finding and showed that the gist condition also reduces misinformation endorsement. Results provide support for FTT's predictions regarding reducing sharing and endorsement of misinformation on social media. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"511-538"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141761700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The metacognition of vigilance: Using self-scheduled breaks to improve sustained attention. 警觉的元认知：利用自我安排的休息时间提高持续注意力。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000518

Trisha N Patel,Runhan Yang,Mark Steyvers,Aaron S Benjamin

{"title":"The metacognition of vigilance: Using self-scheduled breaks to improve sustained attention.","authors":"Trisha N Patel,Runhan Yang,Mark Steyvers,Aaron S Benjamin","doi":"10.1037/xap0000518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000518","url":null,"abstract":"Attention fluctuates over time and is prone to fatigue. Thus, maintaining sustained attention is difficult. The goal of this article is to evaluate the metacognitive penetrability of attention by examining whether dynamic control over the pacing of an ongoing attention-demanding task helps individuals maintain attention. In Experiments 1 and 2, breaks were found to provide a small localized benefit in performance, but self-administered breaks were no more beneficial than ones imposed by the experimenter. Experiment 3 and 4 provided subjects full control over the onset of each trial. Subjects who self-paced stimuli now outperformed yoked controls who experienced the stimuli at a fixed rate and also those who experienced the exact same schedule as the self-pacing subjects. Experiment 5 replicated this set of findings and demonstrated that the benefit of self-pacing was diminished under dual-task conditions. Taken together, it appears that providing workers control over the pace of work allows them to coordinate the occurrence of cognitively demanding events with moments of heightened attention. However, the improvement in performance is subject to important boundary conditions on the parameters of control, does not diminish the vigilance decrement associated with fatigue, and is reduced under conditions in which attention is divided. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Judgments of sex trafficked women: The role of emotions. 对被贩卖妇女的判断：情绪的作用。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000511

Richard L Wiener, Taylor E Petty, Megan Berry-Cohen, Julie Wertheimer-Meier

{"title":"Judgments of sex trafficked women: The role of emotions.","authors":"Richard L Wiener, Taylor E Petty, Megan Berry-Cohen, Julie Wertheimer-Meier","doi":"10.1037/xap0000511","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000511","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined how incidental emotions influence decisions to arrest or release sex trafficking survivors. Community members (N = 984) completed an autobiographical memory task invoking disgust, sympathy, or no emotion and read case facts from United States v. Bell (2014) varying whether the survivor had a prior history of sex work and whether she came from a vulnerable or nonvulnerable background. Participants in the vulnerable condition believed that the survivor was less able to resist the trafficker's proposal. Furthermore, women but not men made to feel disgust believed that she should have resisted. Regarding arresting the survivor for prostitution versus releasing her for services, invoking either incidental disgust or sympathy, but especially disgust, triggered feelings of disgust, which in turn predicted an arrest decision. Finally, our data supported a moderated mediation model in which the belief that the survivor should have been able to resist the trafficker predicted a greater probability of an arrest judgment. Furthermore, participants in the vulnerable condition believed that the survivor had less ability to resist, and they disfavored her arrest. However, this was only true when we invoked no emotion. When we invoked disgust, vulnerability ceased to have this moderation effect. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"465-481"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140856354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Moral paragons, but crummy friends: The case of snitching. 道德楷模，但糟糕的朋友：告密的案例。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000501

Zachariah Berry, Ike Silver, Alex Shaw

{"title":"Moral paragons, but crummy friends: The case of snitching.","authors":"Zachariah Berry, Ike Silver, Alex Shaw","doi":"10.1037/xap0000501","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000501","url":null,"abstract":"Loyalty to friends is an important moral value, but does that mean snitching on friends is considered immoral? Across six preregistered studies, we examine how loyalty obligations impact people's moral evaluations of snitching (i.e., turning in others who commit transgressions). In vignette and incentivized partner choice paradigms, we find that witnesses who snitch (vs. do not snitch) are seen as more moral and as better leaders (Studies 1-6), regardless of whether they snitch on a friend or an acquaintance (Studies 1-3). We find that a willingness to turn in one's friends increases perceived morality, while an unwillingness to do so diminishes it, with the latter effect exhibiting a stronger impact than the former (Study 2). Our experiments also demonstrate that snitches receive less moral credit when snitching on nonmoral (vs. moral) transgressions (Study 3) and when snitching aligns with self-interest (Study 4). We demonstrate that although snitching is often seen as morally right, turning in transgressors entails important reputational trade-offs: Snitching makes one appear disloyal and a bad friend but boosts perceptions of morality and leadership. This reveals a context in which what is loyal is no longer considered moral. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"442-464"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71414743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Scientists, speak up! Source impacts trust in health advice across five countries. 科学家们，大声说出来！来源影响了五个国家对健康建议的信任。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000500

Natalia Zarzeczna, Paul H P Hanel, Bastiaan T Rutjens, Suzanna A Bono, Yi-Hua Chen, Geoffrey Haddock

{"title":"Scientists, speak up! Source impacts trust in health advice across five countries.","authors":"Natalia Zarzeczna, Paul H P Hanel, Bastiaan T Rutjens, Suzanna A Bono, Yi-Hua Chen, Geoffrey Haddock","doi":"10.1037/xap0000500","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000500","url":null,"abstract":"We examined how different types of communication influence people's responses to health advice. We tested whether presenting COVID-19 prevention advice (e.g., washing hands/distancing) as either originating from a government or scientific source would affect people's trust in and intentions to comply with the advice. We also manipulated uncertainty in communicating the advice effectiveness. To achieve this, we conducted an experiment using large samples of participants (N = 4,561) from the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Malaysia, and Taiwan. Across countries, participants found messages more trustworthy when the purported source was science rather than the government. This effect was moderated by political orientation in all countries except for Canada, while religiosity moderated the source effect in the United States. Although source did not directly affect intentions to act upon the advice, we found an indirect effect via trust, such that a more trusted source (i.e., science) was predictive of higher intentions to comply. However, the uncertainty manipulation was not effective. Together, our findings suggest that despite prominence of science skepticism in public discourse, people trust scientists more than governments when it comes to practical health advice. It is therefore beneficial to communicate health messages by stressing their scientific bases. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"430-441"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71414744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Resolving problems with the skill retention literature: An empirical demonstration and recommendations for researchers. 解决技能保留文献中的问题：实证论证和对研究人员的建议。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000503

Phillip L Ackerman, Corey E Tatel

{"title":"Resolving problems with the skill retention literature: An empirical demonstration and recommendations for researchers.","authors":"Phillip L Ackerman, Corey E Tatel","doi":"10.1037/xap0000503","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000503","url":null,"abstract":"Questions about the degree of retention and decay for procedural skills, once acquired but not used for a period of time, have been raised repeatedly in basic and applied research. Despite widespread interest and numerous empirical investigations, definitive answers to the question \"How much skill is retained after a period of disuse?\" remain elusive. Shortcomings with the literature were identified that limit the ability of researchers to develop models of skill decay for various tasks, including medical/health care, military, sports, and other applications. Problems with design, measurement, analysis, and interpretation aspects of research are reviewed. An empirical study of acquisition and retention after a 1-month delay for four tasks is presented: (1) A mid fidelity air traffic control simulation, (2) a low-fidelity air traffic control task, and (3, 4) two versions of a perceptual/memory search task, with data from 150 participants. The results illustrate how different approaches to measurement and analysis lead to biased interpretations of decay, especially in the context of relearning. Recommendations are provided for research that can clarify decay functions for procedural tasks and may generate improved understanding and actionable models for refresher training programs to optimize skill retention over extended time periods. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"411-429"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138812239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The relative effectiveness of conditioning one or two attributes to a brand. 对一个品牌的一个或两个属性进行调节的相对有效性。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000513

Lisa Eckmann, Jan R Landwehr, Fabia Högden, Christian Unkelbach

{"title":"The relative effectiveness of conditioning one or two attributes to a brand.","authors":"Lisa Eckmann, Jan R Landwehr, Fabia Högden, Christian Unkelbach","doi":"10.1037/xap0000513","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000513","url":null,"abstract":"Attribute conditioning refers to the phenomenon that target stimuli acquire specific attributes by pairing them with stimuli possessing these attributes. We apply attribute conditioning to a marketing context where brands are often displayed with stimuli possessing semantic attributes to establish brand-attribute associations. In particular, we examine whether it is more effective from a brand image perspective to associate a brand with only one attribute, two related attributes, or two unrelated attributes. Across four experimental studies, we find that pairing a single attribute (e.g., athletic) with a brand is most effective for building brand-attribute associations and that pairing multiple, related attributes (athletic and healthy) is more effective than pairing multiple, unrelated attributes (athletic and smart). Supplementing this finding, an analysis of observational data from real brands suggests that attributing two orthogonal attributes to a brand is associated with negative effects on marketing-relevant outcomes. Our findings extend previous research on multiattribute conditioning and highlight the importance of the number and relationship between attributes for building effective brand associations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"496-509"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139933632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Acceleration neglect in trend extrapolations. 趋势推断中的加速忽略。

IF 2.7 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000510

Massimiliano Ostinelli, David Luna

{"title":"Acceleration neglect in trend extrapolations.","authors":"Massimiliano Ostinelli, David Luna","doi":"10.1037/xap0000510","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000510","url":null,"abstract":"Many decisions rely on intuitive predictions based on time series data showing a trend. For instance, the current upward trend in global temperatures might lead to specific predictions about the extent to which global temperatures will rise in the future, and these predictions might be used to inform judgments about the urgency with which climate change must be addressed. However, those predictions often need to be revised to incorporate the effects of unexpected events that might accelerate a trend (i.e., increase its rate of change), such as an unanticipated increase in CO₂ emissions, or decelerate a trend (i.e., decrease its rate of change), such as an unanticipated reduction in CO₂ emissions. In this work, we uncover a new cognitive bias by which people neglect how much a trend can accelerate (vs. decelerate) due to unexpected events. We explain this bias in terms of momentum theory and a naive understanding of physics. These findings have important implications for businesses and policymakers seeking to communicate information about topics such as climate change, stock market prices, or disease prevention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"482-495"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140870477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0