Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied最新文献

{"title":"Computer-based voice familiarization, delivered remotely using an online platform, improves speech intelligibility for older and younger adults.","authors":"Wansu Zhu, Emma Holmes","doi":"10.1037/xap0000536","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000536","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding speech in noisy environments is often challenging but is easier if we are listening to someone familiar-for example, naturally familiar people (e.g., friends, partners) or voices that have been familiarized artificially in the lab. Thus, familiarizing people with voices they regularly encounter (e.g., new friends and colleagues) could improve speech intelligibility in everyday life, which might be particularly useful for people who struggle to comprehend speech in noisy environments, such as older adults. Yet, we do not currently understand whether computer-based voice familiarization is effective when delivered remotely, outside of a lab setting, and whether it is effective for older adults. Here, in an online computer-based study, we examined whether learned voices are more intelligible than unfamiliar voices in 20 older (55-73 years) and 20 younger (18-34 years) adults. Overall, older and younger participants benefited from training, and the magnitude of the intelligibility benefit (approximately 10% improvement in sentence report when the target-to-masker ratio was -6 dB) was similar between groups. These findings demonstrate that older adults can learn new voices as effectively as younger participants for improving speech intelligibility, even given a relatively short (< 1 hr) duration of familiarization that is delivered in the comfort of their own homes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"314-326"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144676172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Currency exchange rate bias.","authors":"Kwanho Suk, Jieun Koo","doi":"10.1037/xap0000537","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000537","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research examines biases in judgments about currency exchange rates and presents two types of biases that are caused by ignorance of the nonlinearity between the exchange rate and the amount of base currency. First, the average exchange rate of multiple exchange transactions is overestimated. Second, the impact of a change in one currency's value on the counterpart currency is underestimated, when the change is a decrease but overestimated when the change is an increase. This research also demonstrates that these biases lead individuals to make suboptimal decisions, causing economic losses. Furthermore, this research examines the role of how exchange rate information is presented in reducing bias. Specifically, overestimation of the average exchange rate can be reduced by presenting the exchange rate in terms of the base currency instead of the quote currency. Bias in the judgment of the impact of exchange rate changes diminishes, when the focal currency to be judged is presented as the quote currency of the exchange rate. Last, this research shows that biases in currency exchange rates differ from biases in other types of ratios (e.g., velocity or fuel efficiency) because of the difference in the degree of fungibility. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"260-275"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144129157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction of Zhu and Holmes (2024).","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/xap0000543","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reports the notice of retraction of \"Computer-based voice familiarization, delivered remotely using an online platform, improves speech intelligibility for older and younger adults\" by Wansu Zhu and Emma Holmes (<i>Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied</i>, Advanced Online Publication, Dec 09, 2024, np). This retraction is at the request of coauthors Zhu and Holmes after they discovered an issue with how Gorilla assigned participants to conditions for the Speech Intelligibility Test. The training results were correct. However, the Speech Intelligibility results were incorrect. Given that Gorilla did not assign participants correctly to conditions, this could not be resolved with a reanalysis of the data. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2025-50529-001.) Understanding speech in noisy environments is often challenging, but is easier if we are listening to someone familiar-for example, naturally familiar people (e.g., friends, partners) or voices that have been familiarized artificially in the lab. Thus, familiarizing people with voices they regularly encounter (e.g., new friends and colleagues) could improve speech intelligibility in everyday life, which might be particularly useful for people who struggle to comprehend speech in noisy environments, such as older adults. Yet, we do not currently understand whether computer-based voice familiarization is effective when delivered remotely, outside of a lab setting, and whether it is effective for older adults. Here, in an online computer-based study, we examined whether learned voices are more intelligible than unfamiliar voices in 20 older (55-73 years) and 20 younger (18-34 years) adults. Both groups benefited from training, and the magnitude of the intelligibility benefit (approximately 30% improvement in sentence report, or 9 dB release from masking) was similar between groups. These findings demonstrate that older adults can learn new voices as effectively as younger adults for improving speech intelligibility, even given a relatively short (< 1 hr) duration of familiarization that is delivered in the comfort of their own homes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":"31 4","pages":"326"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145514412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mindful eating and food intake: Effects and mechanisms of action.","authors":"Lana Seguias, Danielle Ferriday, Elanor C Hinton, Tina McCaw, Katy Tapper","doi":"10.1037/xap0000530","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A key component of mindful eating is paying attention to the sensory properties of one's food as one eats (\"sensory eating\"). Some studies have found this reduces subsequent food intake while others have failed to replicate these effects. We report four laboratory studies that (a) examine effects of sensory eating on subsequent intake and (b) explore potential mechanisms of action. In each study, participants ate a small high-calorie snack with or without sensory eating and, 5-15 min later, were given larger snack portions from which they could eat freely. Sensory eating reduced intake of the second snack and could not be explained by increased sensory-specific satiety or priming of health-related goals. However, this effect disappeared when we controlled eating rate for the first snack. Given evidence that slower eating increases satiation and reduces intake, we conclude that sensory eating reduces intake by slowing eating rate. Exploratory analyses also revealed that (among nondieters) effects of sensory eating were pronounced when participants reported higher hunger. Thus, for weight management, sensory eating may be most beneficial for those who are naturally fast eaters and/or in situations where people are inclined to eat more quickly, for example, when hungry or in a hurry. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"168-187"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143544147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When job control backfires: A self-control perspective on the effects of job control on well-being and performance.","authors":"Sascha Abdel Hadi, Jan A Häusser, Stacey L Parker","doi":"10.1037/xap0000538","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000538","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many job stress models emphasize the importance of job control as a resource that promotes well-being and performance. However, research has started to acknowledge that job control can sometimes also have negative effects. Our study adopts a self-control perspective to investigate these possible downsides. We hypothesized that job control should have negative effects on well-being and performance by enhancing self-control demands. However, we expected that only employees with low levels of trait self-control should experience negative effects of high job control due to increased self-control demands. We conducted a workplace simulation with an experimental manipulation of job control (high vs. low). We asked participants to complete an inbox task with work-related email inquiries and measured subjective well-being, as well as heart rate variability (HRV). Furthermore, we analyzed objective task performance. The findings revealed that, for individuals with low levels of trait self-control, job control negatively affected subjective well-being (i.e., anxiety and fatigue), but not HRV, through enhanced self-control demands. Although there was no evidence for mediating effects of self-control demands regarding performance, we found a (direct) moderation of trait self-control and job control in the form of lower performance of individuals with low trait self-control under high job control conditions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"188-203"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the confidence-accuracy relation: A multiple-reflector-variable approach to postdicting accuracy on eyewitness lineups.","authors":"Nydia T Ayala, Andrew M Smith, Gary L Wells","doi":"10.1037/xap0000527","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000527","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We examined whether the potential to distinguish between accurate and inaccurate decisions on eyewitness lineups could be improved by combining information from three witness behaviors: confidence, decision time, and the language that witnesses use to justify their lineup decisions. We assessed the postdictive potential of these variables for both positive identifications and lineup rejections on both simultaneous and sequential lineups. All three behaviors independently postdicted the accuracy of both positive identifications and lineup rejections for both simultaneous and sequential lineups. The potential to distinguish between accurate and inaccurate lineup decisions was maximized by considering all three variables. Interestingly, the classifier trained to distinguish the language of accurate and inaccurate witnesses appeared to recover a distinction between use of absolute- and relative-judgment strategies. For both simultaneous and sequential lineups, accurate decisions were accompanied by absolute language and inaccurate decisions were accompanied by relative language. The applied implications of this work are clear-accurate witnesses are confident, fast, and reference an absolute-judgment strategy. This work also advances theory on why sequential lineups lead to worse discriminability than do simultaneous lineups. Sequential lineups do not increase use of absolute-judgment strategies, but might make it more difficult to determine the strongest match to memory. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"204-227"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143544142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of supply and demand side factors on willingness to use biodegradable plastic bags.","authors":"Yuhuan Xu, Jianguo Du, Zhaochan Chu","doi":"10.1037/xap0000528","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plastic pollution control is imminent, and choosing biodegradable plastic bags instead of ordinary plastic bags is a critical way to control plastic pollution from the consumer side. This study constructs a prediction model of consumers' willingness to use biodegradable plastic bags under the influence of perceived behavioral control based on the stimulus-organism-response model from the consumer perspective's supply and demand sides. The empirical test results from 852 sample data points show that perceived product quality and price recognition have a significant positive effect on the willingness to use biodegradable plastic bags; attitude has a mediating effect on both paths; label cognition does not have a significant effect on the willingness to use biodegradable plastic bags, but label trust can play a mediating role; and the moderating effect of perceived behavioral control is also successfully verified. These findings can provide policy recommendations for promoting consumers' use of biodegradable plastic bags. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"153-167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143544145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A brief intervention to improve reasoning about accumulation.","authors":"Madison Fansher, Poortata Lalwani, Tyler J Adkins, Han Zhang, Madelyn Quirk, Madison Carlson, Aysecan Boduroglu, Richard L Lewis, John Jonides, Priti Shah","doi":"10.1037/xap0000532","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prior research suggests that people often misunderstand visualizations of inflow (e.g., deposits in a banking context) and accumulation (e.g., cumulative savings) in dynamic systems. The present study aimed to examine participants' understanding of accumulation functions and to develop and test the effectiveness of video-based interventions for improving understanding of accumulation. In Experiment 1, we tested the effectiveness of an intervention seated in the context of understanding COVID-19 data. In Experiment 2, we addressed several limitations of Experiment 1 and developed an improved, more general intervention to teach about accumulation in contexts outside of epidemiological data. The two randomized control experiments demonstrated that people fail to understand even simple systems with a single inflow that accumulates over time, with 44%-60% of participants earning a 0% on our pretest measure. However, we also demonstrated that video-based interventions illustrating the relationship between multiple representations of the same underlying data are an effective way to improve the understanding of the relationship between inflow and accumulation, with Experiment 1 suggesting that the effects of our intervention lasted up to 6-7 weeks after testing. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"99-125"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Merely increasing bids increases charitable donation.","authors":"Erika Weisz, Mina Cikara","doi":"10.1037/xap0000531","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000531","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amid a sea of requests for aid, what factors affect decisions to donate? Here, we investigate the efficacy of a manipulation of choice architecture to affect giving: increasing the number of bids available to donors to increase how much they give. Across six experiments (<i>N</i> = 6,153), participants recruited online responded to single- or multiple-bid donation requests. Viewing multiple bids for aid increased both intention to donate and actual donation without decreasing the proportion of people who donated at all. We rule out previously documented heuristics (i.e., 1/<i>n</i>, fairness), anchoring, and agency as explanations for our effect. Finally, we replicate our effect in a natural experiment (<i>N</i> = 10,000 donors): Presenting donors, giving their own money, with multiple bids increased the average donation by $8.77 (a 19.7% increase). Our findings have theoretical implications for invigorating prosocial behavior and offer practical suggestions for how charitable organizations can better engineer solicitations for aid. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"126-138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prior knowledge and new learning: An experimental study of domain-specific knowledge.","authors":"Zachary L Buchin, Neil W Mulligan","doi":"10.1037/xap0000520","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000520","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is commonly claimed that higher domain knowledge enhances new learning-the knowledge-is-power hypothesis. However, a recent meta-analysis (Simonsmeier et al., 2022) has challenged this idea, finding no overall relationship between prior knowledge and new learning across hundreds of highly variable effect sizes. The authors note that this variability and lack of randomized controlled experiments preclude broad claims regarding the influence of prior knowledge on learning. The present study (conducted in 2020) provides an experimental assessment of the causal effect of prior domain knowledge on new learning. Participants were randomly assigned to receive training in one of two academic domains over 3 days before learning new information about topics in both domains for a later test. Training was specific to three of four topics within that domain, allowing the untrained topic in the trained domain to act as a measure of new learning in that domain. New learning, measured as final test performance or knowledge gains, did not differ between the high and low domain knowledge conditions. Experimentally induced prior domain knowledge did not affect new learning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"84-98"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}