Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied最新文献_第6页

Science communication gets personal: Ambivalent effects of self-disclosure in science communication on trust in science. 科学传播变得私人化：科学传播中的自我披露对科学信任的矛盾影响。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-17 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000489

Marlene Sophie Altenmüller, Lorenz Kampschulte, Laura Verbeek, Mario Gollwitzer

{"title":"Science communication gets personal: Ambivalent effects of self-disclosure in science communication on trust in science.","authors":"Marlene Sophie Altenmüller, Lorenz Kampschulte, Laura Verbeek, Mario Gollwitzer","doi":"10.1037/xap0000489","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000489","url":null,"abstract":"In an attempt to display themselves as warm, approachable, and trustworthy, researchers might reveal personal details about themselves (i.e., self-disclosure) when communicating their science to the public. Here, we test whether self-disclosure in science communication can actually increase public trust in science. We present six online experiments (overall N = 2,431), integrate their results in a mini meta-analysis, and report a field experiment in a science museum (N = 480): In sum, our findings suggest that self-disclosure leads to small, but measurable increases in laypeople's feelings of closeness toward researchers and perceptions of researchers' warmth-related trustworthiness; yet, self-disclosure also leads to decreases in competence-related trustworthiness perceptions. The credibility of scientific findings was, overall, unaffected by self-disclosing communication. Findings from the field study further question whether self-disclosure in science communication has any practical relevance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"793-812"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10005537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Automated decision aids: When are they advisors and when do they take control of human decision making? 自动决策辅助工具：它们何时是顾问，何时控制人类决策？

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-06 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000463

Luke Strickland, Russell J Boag, Andrew Heathcote, Vanessa Bowden, Shayne Loft

{"title":"Automated decision aids: When are they advisors and when do they take control of human decision making?","authors":"Luke Strickland, Russell J Boag, Andrew Heathcote, Vanessa Bowden, Shayne Loft","doi":"10.1037/xap0000463","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000463","url":null,"abstract":"We applied a computational model to examine the extent to which participants used an automated decision aid as an advisor, as compared to a more autonomous trigger of responding, at varying levels of decision aid reliability. In an air traffic control conflict detection task, we found higher accuracy when the decision aid was correct, and more errors when the decision aid was incorrect, as compared to a manual condition (no decision aid). Responses that were correct despite incorrect automated advice were slower than matched manual responses. Decision aids set at lower reliability (75%) had smaller effects on choices and response times, and were subjectively trusted less, than decision aids set at higher reliability (95%). We fitted an evidence accumulation model to choices and response times to measure how information processing was affected by decision aid inputs. Participants primarily treated low-reliability decision aids as an advisor rather than directly accumulating evidence based on its advice. Participants directly accumulated evidence based upon the advice of high-reliability decision aids, consistent with granting decision aids more autonomous influence over decisions. Individual differences in the level of direct accumulation correlated with subjective trust, suggesting a cognitive mechanism by which trust impacts human decisions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"849-868"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10821255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding implicit bias (UIB): Experimental evaluation of an online bias education program. 了解隐性偏见（UIB）：在线偏见教育项目的实验评估。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-06 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000469

Carlee Beth Hawkins, Nicole Lofaro, Emily Umansky, Kate A Ratliff

{"title":"Understanding implicit bias (UIB): Experimental evaluation of an online bias education program.","authors":"Carlee Beth Hawkins, Nicole Lofaro, Emily Umansky, Kate A Ratliff","doi":"10.1037/xap0000469","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000469","url":null,"abstract":"Can people learn about implicit bias through an online course? We developed a brief (∼30 min) online educational program called Understanding Implicit Bias (UIB) consisting of four modules: (a) what is implicit bias? (b) the Implicit Association Test, (c) implicit bias and behavior, and (d) what can you do? In Experiment 1, we randomly assigned 6,729 college students across three separate samples to complete dependent measures before (control group) or after (intervention group) the UIB program. In Experiment 2, we randomly assigned 389 college students to complete the UIB program (intervention group) or two TED talks (control group) before dependent measures. Compared to control groups, the intervention groups had significantly higher objective knowledge about bias (ds = 0.39, 1.49) and subjective knowledge about bias (ds = 1.43, 2.61), awareness of bias (ds = 0.10, 0.54), and behavioral intentions to reduce bias (ds = 0.19, 0.84). These differences were again observed at a 2-week follow-up. These results suggest that brief online education about bias can affect knowledge and awareness of bias, as well as intentions to change behavior. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"887-902"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9258368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

"It was not mentioned": Improving responses to unanswerable questions using retrieval instructions. "没有提到"：利用检索指令改进对无法回答的问题的回答。

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000473

Ewa Skopicz-Radkiewicz, Monika Derda, Agnieszka Niedźwieńska

{"title":"\"It was not mentioned\": Improving responses to unanswerable questions using retrieval instructions.","authors":"Ewa Skopicz-Radkiewicz, Monika Derda, Agnieszka Niedźwieńska","doi":"10.1037/xap0000473","DOIUrl":"10.1037/xap0000473","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research shows that posing many questions about an event may lead to asking questions about unwitnessed details and that people sometimes provide substantive and erroneous answers to them. Therefore, two experiments investigated the role of the problem-solving and judgment processes, which are unrelated to memory access, in improving responding to unanswerable questions. Experiment 1 compared the effects of a brief retrieval training with the effects of an instruction to increase the criterion of reporting. As expected, the two manipulations had different effects on participants' answers, which demonstrates that training can do more than just instigate more cautious responding. However, we found evidence against our prediction that an enhancement in metacognitive ability underlies improved responding after training. Experiment 2 investigated, for the first time, the role of constant awareness that questions can be unanswerable and that such questions should be rejected. We compared the effects of training with the effects of a small change in response format that ensured such awareness. The effects of the two manipulations were similar, which supports our prediction that the constant awareness of unanswerable questions is a key factor behind improved responding. Practical implications for the eyewitness memory domain are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":" ","pages":"761-781"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9410444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Supplemental Material for Market Mindset Can Increase Allocations in the Trust Game Through Proportional Thinking 市场思维补充材料可以通过比例思维增加信任博弈中的配置

3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000499.supp

引用次数: 0

Supplemental Material for Weighting Ratings: Are People Adjusting for Bias in Extreme Reviews? 加权评级补充材料:人们是否在极端评价中调整偏差?

3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000497.supp

引用次数: 0

Supplemental Material for Us Versus Them: The Role of National Identity in the Formation of False Memories for Fake News “我们vs .他们”补充材料:国家认同在假新闻虚假记忆形成中的作用

3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000498.supp

引用次数: 0

Weighting ratings: Are people adjusting for bias in extreme reviews? 加权评级:人们是否对极端评价中的偏见进行了调整?

IF 2.6 3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4245795

Neel Ocean

{"title":"Weighting ratings: Are people adjusting for bias in extreme reviews?","authors":"Neel Ocean","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4245795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4245795","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing importance of consumer ratings raises the question of whether people adjust for potentially fake or biased extreme opinions when judging products. Two studies tested treatments that trimmed the extremes of rating distributions. Neither removing extreme ratings while preserving the mean, nor flagging suspicious extreme ratings, nor priming individuals about review manipulation significantly affect judged product quality on average. However, judgments for specific distributions may be made less extreme by flagging or trimming. On average, it is difficult to override usage of the mean rating as the strongest proxy for product quality. When a weighted-mean model is fitted, the estimated weighting profile is hump-shaped and asymmetric. Consumers appear to discount 5-star ratings but are particularly susceptible to being misled by disingenuous 1-star ratings. The weights suggest that there is a binary bias with an inflection point at 2-stars for product ratings, meaning that any rating above this broadly sends an equally strong positive signal of quality. Further theoretical work is required to understand how people form weights for ratings, and applied work should continue to search for decision aids that could help consumers to better adjust for review bias. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83120463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Supplemental Material for Moral Paragons, but Crummy Friends: The Case of Snitching 道德模范的补充材料，但糟糕的朋友:告密的情况

3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000501.supp

引用次数: 0

Supplemental Material for Scientists, Speak Up! Source Impacts Trust in Health Advice Across Five Countries 给科学家的补充材料，大声说出来!来源影响五个国家对健康咨询的信任

3区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.1037/xap0000500.supp

引用次数: 0