Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention最新文献

{"title":"Randomized Controlled Trial of an Online Suicide Prevention Gatekeeper Training Program.","authors":"Ryan M Hill, Paige Picou, Zain Hussain, Blake A Vieyra, Kaylee M Perkins","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000917","DOIUrl":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000917","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> Suicide prevention gatekeeper training programs offer a unique opportunity to increase knowledge about suicide prevention, enhance risk identification, and reduce suicide-related stigma. <i>Aims:</i> This study evaluated the efficacy of an online suicide prevention gatekeeper training program in a randomized trial. <i>Method:</i> Participants were US college students (<i>N</i> = 388). Participants (69.3% women) had a mean age of 19.01 years and identified primarily as Hispanic/Latinx (52.1%) and non-Hispanic White (22.4%). Participants completed pre- and posttest surveys and were randomly assigned to either the ASK About Suicide to Save a Life (AS + K?) suicide prevention gatekeeper training program or an information-only comparison intervention. <i>Results:</i> Participants in the AS + K? condition reported significantly greater gatekeeper preparedness and self-efficacy, and lower stigmatized attitudes at posttraining, as compared with those in the comparison condition. There were no significant differences in likelihood of using gatekeeper skills or suicide-related knowledge across groups. <i>Limitations:</i> This short-term study was not able to assess behavioral change resulting in use of gatekeeper skills over time. <i>Conclusions:</i> Completion of gatekeeper training resulted in increases in preparedness and self-efficacy for engaging in gatekeeper behaviors, as well as a reduction in suicide-related stigma. Despite small intervention effects, the online AS + K? training appears to be a promising program.</p>","PeriodicalId":47943,"journal":{"name":"Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"57-64"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10235261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Suicide Prevention for College Student (SPCS) Gatekeepers Program.","authors":"Sarah G Ross, Rena Pazienza, Juliana D Rosa","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000914","DOIUrl":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000914","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> Linking college students with mental health services is critical, especially now, as many students report increased mental health concerns and suicidal ideation in the wake of COVID-19. The Suicide Prevention for College Student (SPCS) Gatekeepers Program provides student education and training to help link those in need with appropriate services. <i>Aims:</i> This study aimed to replicate and extend pilot study results by examining the effects of the training program across a larger, more diverse sample of students. <i>Method:</i> As part of three SAMHSA Mental Health and Training Grants, the program was implemented across three college campuses over three years. <i>Results:</i> At posttest, those who participated in the program demonstrated increased knowledge, suicide prevention self-efficacy, and decreased stigma towards suicide. A follow-up questionnaire revealed that students continued to demonstrate program gains 12 weeks after participating, but there was a slight decline in knowledge and self-efficacy between posttest and follow-up. <i>Limitations:</i> Attrition at follow-up should be addressed in future research, and reliability and validity of measures should be further assessed. <i>Conclusion:</i> This study provides support for the efficacy and generalizability of the SPCS Gatekeepers training program.</p>","PeriodicalId":47943,"journal":{"name":"Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"41-47"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9693495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Announcements.","authors":"","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000944","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47943,"journal":{"name":"Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention","volume":"45 1","pages":"84-85"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139521710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychiatric Emergencies and Suicide Attempts Before and During COVID-19 Lockdown in Spain.","authors":"María Irigoyen-Otiñano, Alejandro Porras-Segovia, Diego de la Vega-Sánchez, Laura Arenas-Pijoan, Marc Agraz-Bota, Giovanni Torterolo, Marta Sánchez-Cazalilla, Deborah Fuentes-Casany, Marina Adrados-Pérez, Margarita Puigdevall-Ruestes","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000896","DOIUrl":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000896","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the mental health of the population. The lockdown period in Spain - from March 14 to June 21, 2020 - was particularly stressful. This study aims to examine the differences in visits to the emergency department for psychiatric reasons before and during the lockdown period in a hospital in the province of Lleida (Catalonia, Spain), which has a catchment area of 431,183 inhabitants. We hope that this study can contribute to the understanding of this difficult period in our recent history and help us to be prepared in case of new social emergencies that may affect the mental health of the general population. <i>Aims:</i> This study aims to examine the differences in ER visits due to psychiatric reasons before and during the COVID-19 lockdown period in a province hospital in Spain. <i>Methods:</i> We compared the <i>n</i> = 1,599 visits to the emergency room and their characteristics before (June 13 to March 13, 2020) and during (March 14 to June 21, 2020) the lockdown period in the province of Lerida, Spain. Data were obtained from the electronic health records. Information collected included sociodemographic variables, reason for consultation, previous diagnosis, and characteristics of suicidal ideation and attempts - including history of previous suicidal behavior, method, days spent in the ER, suicide reattempts at 6-month follow-up. <i>Results:</i> Before lockdown, there were an average of 11.2 psychiatric emergencies per day compared with 9.2 psychiatric emergencies per day during lockdown. Regarding suicidal behavior, before lockdown, there were an average of 0.9 suicide attempts before lockdown compared with 0.7 attempts per day during lockdown. <i>Limitations:</i> Since the data came from the electronic health records, we have relied on the clinical diagnosis made by different psychiatrists. Also, we did not record psychiatric comorbidities, but instead only registered one main Axis I diagnosis and one main Axis II diagnosis. <i>Conclusions:</i> We observed a decrease in the number of visits to the ER in general, as well as a lower frequency of patients with suicidal behavior during the first and only lockdown period in Spain, which occurred during the initial months of the pandemic. This is consistent with previous studies showing a reduction of suicidal behavior during periods of social emergency. However, this decrease could be only temporary, and several authors predict an increase of suicidal behavior in the aftermath of the COVID-19 crisis. Ensuring access to mental healthcare during periods of crisis is crucial for the population.</p>","PeriodicalId":47943,"journal":{"name":"Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"8-17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9072713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Kenneth Law Media Event - A Dangerous Natural Experiment.","authors":"Mark Sinyor, Lorna Fraser, Dan Reidenberg, Paul S F Yip, Thomas Niederkrotenthaler","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000942","DOIUrl":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000942","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47943,"journal":{"name":"Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention","volume":"45 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139521713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discrimination Experiences of Orphans and Left-Behind Children in China as Predictors of Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors.","authors":"Hui-Bing Guo, Shi-Ying Li","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000903","DOIUrl":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> Suicide has been recognized as a serious problem in orphans and left-behind children. It is important to examine the differences in the factors affecting suicidal thoughts and behaviors between the two groups. <i>Aims:</i> To compare the lifetime rates of suicidal thoughts and behaviors between orphans, left-behind children, and other children, and to assess the impact of discrimination experiences and the mediating role of self-esteem. <i>Methods:</i> A total of 2,413 children from middle schools in China completed standardized anonymous questionnaires that assessed child type, suicidal thoughts and behaviors, discrimination experiences, and self-esteem. Data analysis employed χ² test, Pearson correlation test, and structural equation modeling (SEM). <i>Results:</i> Left-behind children had a significantly higher lifetime rates of suicidal ideation than orphans and other children (χ² = 9.35, <i>p</i> < .05). Discrimination experiences significantly and positively predicted suicidal thoughts and behaviors through the mediating effect of self-esteem in orphaned children, and there was no self-esteem mediating effect found for left-behind children. Discrimination experiences had a greater impact on suicidal thoughts and behaviors for orphans than for left-behind children. <i>Limitations:</i> Cross-sectional studies based on self-report might lead to biased results and mean that causality cannot be inferred. <i>Conclusions:</i> Attention should be paid to suicidal thoughts and behaviors among vulnerable groups, especially left-behind children. Reducing discrimination and improving orphans' self-esteem can be considered as targets of prevention and intervention for suicidal thoughts and behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":47943,"journal":{"name":"Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"518-524"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9343334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financial Stress, Unemployment, and Suicide - A Meta-Analysis.","authors":"David J Roelfs, Eran Shor","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000908","DOIUrl":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000908","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> Socioeconomic factors such as financial stress and unemployment are known predictors of suicide. However, no large-scale meta-analyses exist. <i>Aims:</i> Determine the suicide risk following unemployment or financial stress. <i>Method:</i> Literature searched through July 31, 2021. Robust meta-analysis and metaregression of the risk of suicide following financial stress (23 studies) or unemployment (43 studies), from 20 nations. Subgroup meta-analyses by sex, age, year, country, and methodology. <i>Results:</i> The suicide risk following financial stress or unemployment was not significantly elevated among those with diagnosed mental illness. In the general population, we found significantly elevated suicide risks for financial stress (RR: 1.742; 95% CI: 1.339, -2.266) and unemployment (RR: 1.874; CI: 1.501, -2.341). However, neither was significant among studies controlling for physical/mental health (perhaps partially due to lower statistical power). We observed no significant differences by sex, age, or by GDP. We observed a higher suicide risk following unemployment in more recent years. <i>Limitations:</i> Publication bias was evident. We could not examine some individual-level characteristics, most notably the severity/duration of unemployment/financial stress. Heterogeneity was high for some meta-analyses. Studies from non-OECD countries are under-represented. <i>Conclusion:</i> After accounting for physical/mental health, financial stress and unemployment weakly associated with suicide, and the associations may be nonsignificant.</p>","PeriodicalId":47943,"journal":{"name":"Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"506-517"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9476976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Real-Time Suicide Monitoring Systems to Inform Policy and Practice.","authors":"Matthew J Spittal, Leo Roberts, Angela Clapperton","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000931","DOIUrl":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000931","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47943,"journal":{"name":"Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention","volume":"44 6","pages":"445-450"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72015724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Misclassification of Self-Directed Violence.","authors":"Tobias Teismann, Jannik Julian Eimen, Jan Christopher Cwik","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000897","DOIUrl":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000897","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> Classification of acts of self-directed violence has been shown to be inadequate in past research. Furthermore, level of expertise have been shown to be unrelated to classification correctness. <i>Aim:</i> The aim of the present study was to investigate whether participants provided with a definition are more reliable in their judgment than participants without a definition. <i>Method:</i> Two hundred sixty-one participants (psychology students, psychotherapists-in-training) were presented with case vignettes describing different acts of self-directed violence and were asked to make a classification. On the basis of randomized allocation, half of the participants received a definition of the different acts of self-directed violence, whereas the others did not. <i>Results:</i> Overall, 24.9% of the cases were misclassified. The presentation of a definition was not accompanied by a higher classification accuracy. <i>Limitations:</i> There may be issues about the validity of the case vignettes. <i>Conclusions:</i> The results highlight the importance of more methodological training of psychologists regarding suicidal issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":47943,"journal":{"name":"Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"525-528"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10658634/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10525691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rapid Systematic Review of the Prevalence of Suicide and Self-Harm Behaviors in Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Swapnajeet Sahoo, Suravi Patra","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000906","DOIUrl":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> COVID-19 has caused psychological, social, and physical isolation in adolescents resulting in varying rates of suicidal behavior and self-harm. <i>Aims:</i> We investigated the pandemic's impact on adolescent suicidal behavior and self-harm by reviewing the existing literature. <i>Methods:</i> We searched PubMed using keywords: adolescent, suicide, suicidal behavior, self-harm, prevalence, and COVID-19 and included studies reporting primary data only. <i>Results:</i> Of the 551 studies identified, we included 39 studies in the final analysis. Two of the six high-quality population-based suicide registry studies reported increased suicide rates during the pandemic. Seven of fifteen emergency department-based studies out of which four were of high quality and three high-quality population-based health registry studies reported increased self-harm. A few school and community-based surveys and national helpline data also reported an increase in suicidal behavior or self-harm. <i>Limitations:</i> Methodological heterogeneity of the included studies. <i>Conclusions:</i> There is wide variation in study methodology, population, settings, and age groups in the included studies. Suicidal behavior and self-harm were increased in specific study settings and adolescent populations during the pandemic. More methodologically rigorous research is needed to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on adolescent suicidal behavior and self-harm.</p>","PeriodicalId":47943,"journal":{"name":"Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"497-505"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9476970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}