Sze Chim Lee, Olivier Y Rouquette, Keith Hawton, Louise Cleobury, Sarah Spencer, Keith Lloyd, David Gunnell, Jonathan Scourfield, Ann John
{"title":"Understanding Suicide Clusters Through Exploring Self-Harm Behaviors.","authors":"Sze Chim Lee, Olivier Y Rouquette, Keith Hawton, Louise Cleobury, Sarah Spencer, Keith Lloyd, David Gunnell, Jonathan Scourfield, Ann John","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000930","DOIUrl":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background</i>: There is little information about characteristics and long-term outcomes of individuals who self-harm during a suicide cluster. <i>Aims</i>: To compare characteristics of individuals who self-harmed during a suicide cluster in South Wales (∼10 deaths between December 2007 and March 2008) with others who self-harmed prior to the cluster and to evaluate 10-year self-harm and mortality outcomes. <i>Method</i>: Using records from the hospital serving the catchment area of the suicide cluster, enhanced by national routinely collected linked data, we created the following two groups: individuals who self-harmed (a) during the suicide cluster and (b) 1 year before. We compared individuals' characteristics and performed logistic regression to compute odds ratios of 10-year self-harm and mortality outcomes. <i>Results</i>: Individuals who self-harmed during the cluster were less likely to be hospitalized or have a mental health history than those who self-harmed prior to the cluster. No significant group differences were found for 10-year self-harm outcomes, but all-cause mortality was higher for males. <i>Limitations</i>: Sample size was small, and data were lacking on psychological and social proximity to individuals who died during the suicide cluster. <i>Conclusion</i>: Our findings highlight the importance of long-term healthcare follow-up of those who self-harm during a suicide cluster, particularly males.</p>","PeriodicalId":47943,"journal":{"name":"Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"180-186"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71414738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development and Evaluation of Online Suicide Preventive Tool iAlive to Increase Competences in Engaging With a Suicidal Person.","authors":"Vita Poštuvan, Vanja Gomboc, Klen Čopič Pucihar, Matjaz Kljun, Jernej Vičič, Alenka Tančič Grum, Saška Roškar, Nina Krohne","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000934","DOIUrl":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000934","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> Online implementation of suicide prevention interventions offers many advantages, facilitating the dissemination of large-scale suicide prevention interventions. An online tool iAlive aimed at raising awareness and increasing suicide prevention competences in lay people was developed and implemented in Slovenia. <i>Aims:</i> To develop, implement, and evaluate the iAlive tool. <i>Method:</i> Following the development and implementation of the tool, a nonrandomized controlled study with 310 participants was conducted. One hundred fifty-six of them fully completed the study [intervention group (used the iAlive tool): <i>N =</i> 85, control group (did not use the tool): <i>N =</i> 71]. Perceived competences in engaging with a suicidal person were assessed in both groups at baseline and at follow-up (3-4 weeks apart), which also represents the time of the intervention. <i>Results:</i> A significant effect of time and condition [<i>F</i>(1,149) = 6.62, <i>p</i> = .011, η<sub><i>p</i></sub><sup>2</sup> = .043] showed that the intervention group assessed their perceived competences on intervention exposure more positively compared to the control group. <i>Limitations:</i> Additional data on different populations and people's engagement with the tool in relation to perceived competences are needed. <i>Conclusion:</i> The study suggests that the interactive online tool iAlive effectively increases perceived competences in engaging with a suicidal person. These results provide a background for further dissemination of the tool.</p>","PeriodicalId":47943,"journal":{"name":"Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"187-196"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138886259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simone Amendola, Martin Plöderl, Michael P Hengartner
{"title":"Suicide Rates and Prescription of Antidepressants.","authors":"Simone Amendola, Martin Plöderl, Michael P Hengartner","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000941","DOIUrl":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000941","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> Previous ecological studies reported that increasing antidepressant prescriptions were associated with decreasing suicide rates. <i>Aim:</i> To determine whether antidepressant prescription prevalence is negatively associated with suicide rates (i.e., as antidepressant prescribing increases, suicide rates decrease) between 1999 and 2020. <i>Method:</i> The study protocol was pre-registered on the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/978sk/). Publicly available data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiological Research (CDC WONDER) and Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) were used. <i>Results:</i> Overall, both the antidepressant prescription prevalence and the suicide rate were increasing from 1990 to 2020 in the United States. Positive trends for both outcomes were also evident when analyses were stratified according to sex and/or race/ethnicity. Pearson's correlation analyses consistently found positive associations between antidepressant prescription prevalence and suicide rates. <i>Limitations:</i> Trends and their associations were examined at the population level. The results cannot clarify the causal nature of the association observed. <i>Conclusion:</i> The results of our analysis consistently demonstrated positive trends for both antidepressant prescription prevalence and suicide rates over time as well as positive associations between them. These findings update those from previous studies and are at odds with the notion that, at a population level, more antidepressant prescriptions would lead to lower suicide rates. However, it needs to be acknowledged that ecological studies provide insufficient evidence to infer causality.</p>","PeriodicalId":47943,"journal":{"name":"Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"225-233"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139730740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexandra Godinho, Christina Schell, John A Cunningham
{"title":"Remaining Between the Cracks - The Long-Term Effect of Different Suicide Risk Exclusion Criterion on Outcomes of an Online Intervention for Depression.","authors":"Alexandra Godinho, Christina Schell, John A Cunningham","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000923","DOIUrl":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000923","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> Previous studies have demonstrated that excluding individuals at risk of suicide from online depression interventions can impact recruited sample characteristics. <i>Aim:</i> To determine if a small change in suicide risk exclusion criterion led to differences in the usage and effectiveness of an Internet depression intervention at 6 months of follow-up. <i>Method:</i> A partial sample of a recently completed online depression intervention trial was divided into two groups: those with no risk of suicide versus those with some risk. The two groups were compared for baseline demographic and clinical measures, as well as intervention uptake and treatment success across 6 months. <i>Results:</i> Overall, individuals with less risk of suicide at baseline reported significantly less severe clinical symptoms. Both groups interacted with the intervention at the same rate, but specific use of modules was different. Finally, the impact of intervention usage on outcomes over time did not vary by group. <i>Limitations:</i> While different suicide risk exclusion criteria can change recruited sample characteristics, it remains unclear how these differences impact intervention uptake and success. <i>Conclusion:</i> Overall, the findings suggest that researchers should exercise caution when excluding individuals at risk of suicide, as they greatly benefit from web-based interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":47943,"journal":{"name":"Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"100-107"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10396087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alex Walker, Ayah Zirikly, Melissa Stockbridge, Holly C Wilcox
{"title":"A Linguistic Analysis of Instagram Captions Between Adolescent Suicide Decedents and Living Controls.","authors":"Alex Walker, Ayah Zirikly, Melissa Stockbridge, Holly C Wilcox","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000928","DOIUrl":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000928","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background</i>: Suicide rates continue to rise for adolescents in the United States. 62% of teenagers use Instagram, and as technology and research in this domain advance, social media posts could provide insights into near-term adolescent risk states and could inform new strategies for suicide prevention. This study analyzed language in captions of teenagers' Instagram accounts in the 3 months before suicide and compared caption language to matched living controls. <i>Method</i>: The study identified 89 teenagers who died by suicide using obituaries and news reports and 89 matched living control teenagers. Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software was used to test for differences in specific language categories across linguistic, psychological, and topical categories (e.g., word count, tone, grammar, affective, cognitive, social, punctuation marks, etc.). <i>Results</i>: Significant differences between suicide decedents and living controls were found. Adolescent suicide decedents used more words per sentence, more references to sadness, male individuals, drives, and leisure and fewer verbs and references to they, affiliation, achievement, and power. <i>Limitations</i>: Methodological limitations include the use of only public accounts, small sample size, occasional short posts, and lack of adjustment for multiple testing. <i>Conclusion</i>: Although the sample size is relatively small and only included youth with public accounts, we identified differences in Instagram caption language between adolescents who died by suicide as compared to living controls.</p>","PeriodicalId":47943,"journal":{"name":"Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"136-143"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41216169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hazel Marzetti, Charlie Cooper, Andre Mason, Nikki L van Eijk, John Gunn Iii, Katerina Kavalidou, Tiago C Zortea, Emma Nielsen
{"title":"LGBTQ+ Suicide - A Call to Action for Researchers and Governments on the Politics, Practices, and Possibilities of LGBTQ+ Suicide Prevention.","authors":"Hazel Marzetti, Charlie Cooper, Andre Mason, Nikki L van Eijk, John Gunn Iii, Katerina Kavalidou, Tiago C Zortea, Emma Nielsen","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000950","DOIUrl":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000950","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47943,"journal":{"name":"Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention","volume":"45 2","pages":"87-92"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140132867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gender and Geographical Distribution of Editorial Board Members of Three Leading Suicide Journals.","authors":"S M Yasir Arafat, Sujita Kumar Kar, Rizwana Amin","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000919","DOIUrl":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000919","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> Despite the recent progress of women in academia, there is an underrepresentation of female editors in academic journals. Additionally, although suicide affects more low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) than high-income countries, little is known about the geographical distribution of editors in suicidology journals. <i>Aims:</i> We aimed to determine the gender and geographical distribution of the editorial board members (EBMs) of leading suicide journals. <i>Method:</i> Data were collected between November 27 and 29, 2022. We purposively selected suicidology journals, searched the journal websites, and extracted data on the gender and affiliated country of the EBM to identify the continent and income category of the country. <i>Results:</i> The proportion of female EBMs was 32.37% with better representation in senior positions. Only six positions (3.47%) were occupied by four individuals affiliated with LMIC backgrounds. The highest number of EBMs was located in North America (58.38%) while one member was from Africa. <i>Limitations:</i> Only three purposively selected journals were scrutinized. <i>Conclusion:</i> This study reveals that approximately one third of the editorial positions were occupied by women and less than 4% of editors were from LMICs, where suicide represents a significant burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":47943,"journal":{"name":"Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"159-163"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9836906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sze Chim Lee, Marcos DelPozo-Banos, Yasmin Friedmann, Ashley Akbari, Ronan A Lyons, Ann John
{"title":"Widening Excess Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Individuals Who Self-Harmed.","authors":"Sze Chim Lee, Marcos DelPozo-Banos, Yasmin Friedmann, Ashley Akbari, Ronan A Lyons, Ann John","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000882","DOIUrl":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000882","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> Studies on COVID-19 pandemic-associated changes in mortality following self-harm remain scarce and inconclusive. <i>Aims:</i> To compare mortality risks in individuals who had self-harmed to those for individuals who had not, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (Waves 1 and 2) in Wales, the United Kingdom, using population-based routinely collected data. <i>Method:</i> We linked whole population health data to all-cause mortality following an episode of self-harm between April 2016 and March 2021. Propensity score matching, Cox regression, and difference-in-differences were applied to compute changes in excess mortality (as ratios of hazard ratios, RHRs) before and during the pandemic for individuals who self-harmed. <i>Results:</i> The difference in mortality for individuals who self-harmed compared to those who did not widened during Wave 1 (RHR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.04-4.03) and Wave 2 (RHR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.12-4.29) from before the pandemic. Stratification by sex and age group produced no significant subgroup differences although risk for younger than 65 years group were higher. <i>Limitations:</i> Limitations include small sample size and incomplete data on cause-specific deaths during the pandemic. <i>Conclusion:</i> Our results underscore continuous monitoring of mortality of individuals who self-harm and effective interventions to address any increases in mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":47943,"journal":{"name":"Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"154-158"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10999850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9206303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karolina Krysinska, Karl Andriessen, Piumee Bandara, Lennart Reifels, Anna Flego, Andrew Page, Marisa Schlichthorst, Jane Pirkis, Cathrine Mihalopoulos, Long Khanh-Dao Le
{"title":"The Cost-Effectiveness of Psychosocial Interventions Following Self-Harm in Australia.","authors":"Karolina Krysinska, Karl Andriessen, Piumee Bandara, Lennart Reifels, Anna Flego, Andrew Page, Marisa Schlichthorst, Jane Pirkis, Cathrine Mihalopoulos, Long Khanh-Dao Le","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000926","DOIUrl":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> Psychosocial interventions following self-harm in adults, in particular cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), can be effective in lowering the risk of repeated self-harm. <i>Aims:</i> To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of CBT for reducing repeated self-harm in the Australian context. <i>Method:</i> The current study adopted the accessing cost-effectiveness (ACE) approach using return-on-investment (ROI) analysis. Uncertainty and sensitivity analyses (Sas) tested the robustness of the model outputs to changes in three assumptions: general practitioner referral pathway (SA1), private setting intervention delivery (SA2), and training costs (SA3). <i>Results:</i> The intervention produced cost savings of A$ 46M (95% UI -223.7 to 73.3) and A$ 18.3M (95% UI -86.2 to 24.6), subject to the effect of intervention lasting 2- or 1-year follow-up. The ROI ratio reduced to 5.22 in SA1 (95% UI -10.1 to 27.9), 2.5 in SA2 (95% UI -4.8 to 13.3), and 5.1 in SA3 (95% UI -9.8 to 27.8). <i>Limitations:</i> We assumed that the effectiveness would reduce 50% within 5 years in the base case, and we used Australian data and a partial social perspective. <i>Conclusions:</i> The current study demonstrated cost-effectiveness of CBT for adults who have self-harmed with the return-on-investment ratio of A$ 2.3 to $6.0 for every A$ 1 invested.</p>","PeriodicalId":47943,"journal":{"name":"Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"118-127"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71414737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anne Huntjens, Annemiek Landlust, Sophie Wissenburg, Mark van der Gaag
{"title":"The Prevalence of Suicidal Behavior in Autism Spectrum Disorder.","authors":"Anne Huntjens, Annemiek Landlust, Sophie Wissenburg, Mark van der Gaag","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000922","DOIUrl":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> Suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempts (SA) are common in autistic individuals, but prevalence rates have not yet been estimated with meta-analysis. <i>Aims:</i> This meta-analysis aims to estimate SI and SA prevalence rates in autistic individuals and identify subgroup differences based on sample characteristics and study quality. <i>Methods:</i> A systematic search identified 52 studies with 88,509 autistic participants reporting SI and SA. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated using a random-effects model. <i>Results:</i> Pooled prevalence estimates of lifetime SI and SA were 37.2% [95% CI 25.3-50.8] and 15.3% [95% CI 9.5-23.6], respectively. For 12-month prevalence, this was 25.4% [95% CI 19.0-33.2] and 14.1% [95% CI 7.4-25.2], respectively. Subgroup analyses revealed significant differences based on age (SI), region (SI), data collection (SI), measurement scales used to define autism and suicidality (SA), and representation of the study sample (SI and SA). Heterogeneity measures were high for all outcomes (<i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 60.3-99.1%). <i>Limitations:</i> The heterogeneity of the included studies may limit the generalizability of our findings. <i>Conclusion:</i> The high rates of suicidal problems in autistic individuals call for a systematic evaluation of suicidality in clinical practice and adequate therapeutic interventions to improve this condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":47943,"journal":{"name":"Crisis-The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"144-153"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10210407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}