{"title":"Modeling mispricing risk of defined contribution pension plan with a mean–variance criteria","authors":"Peiguang Wang , Zihui Wang , Wenli Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.najef.2024.102237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2024.102237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This manuscript addresses modeling mispricing risk of defined contribution pension plan (DCPP) with a mean–variance criterion to obtain the optimal investment strategy. Provides a way for the sustainability of pensions by investing in the financial market. The pension manager’s objective is to maximize the expected terminal wealth while simultaneously minimizing the associated risk. We employ the stochastic dynamic programming principle (SDPP) and the Lagrange dual theorem to derive the efficient frontier and strategy, then two special cases are examined. Last, we conduct a numerical analysis to show how different parameters influence the efficient frontier and strategy. This analysis sheds light on the economic implications of our findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47831,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Economics and Finance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141583408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dongdong Hu , Hasanjan Sayit , Jing Yao , Qifeng Zhong
{"title":"Closed-form approximations for basket option pricing under normal tempered stable Lévy model","authors":"Dongdong Hu , Hasanjan Sayit , Jing Yao , Qifeng Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.najef.2024.102233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2024.102233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we study the pricing problems of basket options and spread options under the Normal Tempered Stable Lévy model, which is a general model for financial assets and covers many well-known models as special cases such as the Variance Gamma model, Normal Inverse Gaussian model etc. Our approach draws inspiration from the lower bound approximation strategy used in Gaussian models in Bjerksund and Stensland (2014). The approximation formula we derived involves some one-dimensional integrations. We calculate these integrals using the generalized Gauss–Laguerre quadrature rule and Taylor expansion methods. In particular, we derive an analytical approximation formula under the Variance Gamma model for some exchange options. Moreover, we extend the approximation formulas proposed by Kirk (1995) and Carmona and Durrleman (2003b) to the Normal Tempered Stable Lévy model. Numerical tests show that our approximation formulas are highly accurate. Furthermore, we show that our approximation formulas outperform the Fourier inversion method introduced by Caldana et al. (2016) in accuracy, especially for low prices cases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47831,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Economics and Finance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141583407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Geopolitical risk hedging or timing: Evidence from hedge fund strategies","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.najef.2024.102240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.najef.2024.102240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An increasing number of investors are concerned about how they can diversify risks and profits amid surging geopolitical uncertainties. Using a geopolitical risk timing/hedging model, we investigate whether hedge fund managers can effectively hedge or time geopolitical risks by adopting different trading strategies. We find that excluding those in the global macro category, hedge funds with higher minimum investments and management fees exhibit greater success in hedging geopolitical risks. Meanwhile, global macro hedge funds, which have longer lockup periods, are more adept at timing geopolitical risks by increasing their market exposures. Furthermore, hedge funds which are the top geopolitical risk hedgers and timers demonstrate higher economic value than those in the bottom group over the subsequent one and three months. Our findings provide valuable insights into private investors’ selection of hedge funds during periods of heightened geopolitical risk.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47831,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Economics and Finance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141637718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Health burden, environmental decentralization and associated political achievements in China","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.najef.2024.102242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.najef.2024.102242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Environmental pollution has had a negative impact on the population’s well-being, impeding the pursuit of a better standard of living. This study seeks to investigate the impact of environmental decentralization in China on the health burden, thereby expanding research on environmental federalism, health, and welfare. Using panel data from 30 Chinese provinces, the empirical findings show that good environmental performance and moderate economic development significantly reduce the environmental health burden. Notably, as environmental decentralization increases, the impact of environmental performance becomes more pronounced, particularly in terms of environmental administration and monitoring. The effect of environmental performance in reducing health burdens is more visible in the northern and western regions with relatively severe pollution, as well as in the subsample with higher health burdens. Overall, this paper emphasizes the importance of political institutional factors in reducing the health burden.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47831,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Economics and Finance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141695808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stock market extreme risk prediction based on machine learning: Evidence from the American market","authors":"Tingting Ren , Shaofang Li , Siying Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.najef.2024.102241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2024.102241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Extreme risk in stock markets poses significant challenges, necessitating greater attention in related research. This study presents an effective machine-learning model for forecasting extreme risks in the American stock market. Specifically, to address the issues of imbalanced data distribution and concept drift, we introduced class weight and time weight parameters to enhance the AdaBoost algorithm. Moreover, we improved the active learning framework by transitioning from manual to algorithmic annotation. Experiments on the S&P 500 index from 2005 to 2022 revealed that our optimal model significantly enhanced the classification performance, particularly for risk instances. Additionally, we validated the efficacy of customized sample weight values, the significance of the density-weight strategy, and the robustness of the overall framework under different risk definition criteria and feature lag periods. Our research is significant for the adoption of appropriate macroeconomic policies to mitigate downside risks and provides a valuable tool for achieving financial stability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47831,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Economics and Finance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141606628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does uncertainty affect the limits of arbitrage? Evidence from the U.S. stock markets","authors":"Weihua Chen , Rogemar Mamon , Heng Xiong , Pingping Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.najef.2024.102221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2024.102221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study analyzes how uncertainty affects the correction process of mispricing. We extract stock market data from the United States spanning from January 1976 to December 2016, and discover that uncertainty exerts a notable impact on traders’ decision-making processes. Various robustness tests have been conducted to validate the credibility of our findings. Notably, the extension of the sample duration until December 2022, encompassing the disruptive COVID-19 pandemic, serves to fortify the cohesion and reliability of our primary analysis, with the findings exhibiting consistency. Additionally, we examine how investor sentiment affects future returns under different uncertainty and overpricing ranks. An inverse relation between investor sentiment and uncertainty is also detected. We contribute to the existing literature by revealing potential features that affect the limits of arbitrage. Our results provide insights in designing arbitrage mechanisms and assist arbitrageurs in strategizing their operations with stocks under different magnitudes of uncertainty.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47831,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Economics and Finance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141539318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does liquidity connectedness affect stock price crash risk? Evidence from China","authors":"Xin Yang , Xuan Ao , Jie Cao , Chuangxia Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.najef.2024.102238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2024.102238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using a sample of CSI300 over the 2006–2021 period to establish liquidity spillover networks, we find a significantly negative relationship between liquidity connectedness and stock price crash risk. Further analysis shows that liquidity connectedness depresses stock price crash risk through two potential channels: increased conditional conservatism and decreased stock price synchronicity. Moreover, this effect is more prominent for firms with effective external monitoring, firms with lower risk-taking, and state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Overall, our paper shows that liquidity connectedness is an important factor influencing crash risk and provides useful guidance for corporate management and investor decision-making.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47831,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Economics and Finance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141539317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Banking market structure and corporate investment efficiency","authors":"Japan Huynh","doi":"10.1016/j.najef.2024.102236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2024.102236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study examines the link between bank competition and firms’ capital investment efficiency. Utilizing a unique dataset comprising Vietnamese listed firms from 2007 to 2022, we suggest that heightened bank competition, as reflected by lower values of concentration ratios, the Lerner index, and the Boone indicator, raises firms’ investment efficiency. Further analysis reveals that bank competition increases investment efficiency specifically in the form of mitigating the underinvestment issue. The validity of the result holds through numerous robustness tests, especially with careful consideration of endogeneity concerns. Through mechanism tests, our study reveals that increased bank competition elevates corporate investment efficiency by mitigating firms’ financing constraints, offering more bank credit, and reducing financing costs. In cross-sectional analysis, we document that the relationship between bank competition and capital investment efficiency is stronger for firms with closer bank-firm ties, greater investment opportunities, and weaker financial positions (captured by firm size, state ownership, and listing location). Further, we observe that the influence of bank competition is attenuated during macroeconomic shocks, as exemplified by the financial crisis and the coronavirus pandemic.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47831,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Economics and Finance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141539854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaoping Guo , Ningyuan Fan , Zhenchun Liu , Jianwei Wang
{"title":"Macro topology structure and evolution of Chinese Public Funds’ Co-holding Network","authors":"Xiaoping Guo , Ningyuan Fan , Zhenchun Liu , Jianwei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.najef.2024.102234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2024.102234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The behavior of institutional investors such as public offering funds and investor networks play an important role in information transmission and risk contagion in the capital market. Less attention has been paid to the macro topological structure characteristics and the fund group behavior of the co-holding network indirectly formed by the common holding among funds. Based on the complex network analysis method, this paper firstly uses three methods to define the co-holding behavior of funds and construct the co-holding networks between large funds and small funds and between large funds, and then conducts a comparative study on the Macro topology structure and evolution characteristics of the Chinese Public Funds’ Co-holding network. The results show that: (1) Although the three networks are large sparse networks, the co-holding behavior among funds still widely exists; (2) Both networks have the characteristics of small-world and scale-free, but there are significant differences in the degree of specificity; (3)There are significant differences in the evolution of “small-world and scale-free” between the three networks; (4) When the large funds and small funds are considered comprehensively, the “small world” and “scale-free” of the fund co-holding network and the stock market show a relationship of mutual influence and mutual restriction.This study provides a reference for understanding the influence of mutual shareholding among funds, and for regulators to manage stock market risk and institutional investor governance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47831,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Economics and Finance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141539907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Volatility and returns connectedness between cryptocurrency and China’s financial markets: A TVP-VAR extended joint connectedness approach","authors":"Wenhao Xie , Guangxi Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.najef.2024.102231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2024.102231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We employ a time-varying parameter vector autoregression (TVP-VAR) joint connectedness approach to study the dynamic risk spillover effects between cryptocurrencies and China’s financial market, further exploring the impact of cryptocurrencies on China’s financial market. Our results show that there is asymmetric risk transmission between cryptocurrencies and China’s financial market, and the risk spillover effect is very weak. Specifically, the spillover of cryptocurrencies to China’s financial market is significantly stronger than the spillover of China’s financial market to cryptocurrencies. Cryptocurrencies have a stronger spillover effect to China’s exchange rate and gold. The net spillover effect of cryptocurrencies is weakening over time. Overall, the return spillover impact of cryptocurrencies on China’s financial market is greater than the volatility spillover impact, and the degree of impact of different cryptocurrencies is heterogeneous. The findings of this study have several implications for policymakers and investors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47831,"journal":{"name":"North American Journal of Economics and Finance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141606630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}