Infant and Child Development最新文献

{"title":"The ‘scars’ left on children by exclusion, but re-inclusion may ‘heal up’","authors":"Jun Zheng,&nbsp;Wenlu Liu,&nbsp;Ping Qian,&nbsp;Linlin Yan","doi":"10.1002/icd.2515","DOIUrl":"10.1002/icd.2515","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Previous studies have shown that social exclusion can have negative effects on the well-being of children and adolescents. However, there is inconsistent evidence regarding how the impact of social exclusion changes with age. This study used the Cyberball paradigm to investigate the effects of exclusion and subsequent inclusion on primary needs (such as belonging, self-esteem, control and meaningful existence) and emotions (including happiness, sadness and anger) in a sample of Chinese school-aged children (163 children aged 6–8, 8–10 and 10–11). The results revealed that children aged 6–8 showed lower susceptibility to ostracism, while threats to primary needs emerged around the ages of 8–10 and persisted until 10–12. Negative effects on moods were evident from the age of 6–8 and intensified with age. Brief inclusion following exclusion was found to effectively restore the primary needs and moods of ostracized children, serving as a reliable intervention for promoting rapid recovery. However, age-related differences were observed in the restorative effects of re-inclusion, with 8- to 10-year-olds benefiting more compared to 10- to 12-year-olds. These findings provide valuable insights for educational institutions seeking to create supportive environments that help children recover from the detrimental effects of ostracism.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Ostracism can be detrimental to the primary needs and moods of school-aged children.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>There are developmental changes in the effects of ostracism on children's primary needs and moods, and 8–10 years old may be a critical period.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Re-inclusion can effectively restore the damaged primary needs and moods of excluded children, but its effect is also age-dependent.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47820,"journal":{"name":"Infant and Child Development","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140972557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contributions of mothers' and fathers' shared book reading with infants at 9 months to language skills at 18 months in ethnically and socioeconomically diverse families","authors":"Yu Chen,&nbsp;Natasha Cabrera,&nbsp;Charlotte Sudduth,&nbsp;Stephanie M. Reich","doi":"10.1002/icd.2516","DOIUrl":"10.1002/icd.2516","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Using a sample of 286 mothers and fathers from ethnically and socioeconomically diverse backgrounds, we tested the associations between the frequency and quality of parents' shared book reading (SBR) with infants aged 9 months, and language skills of infants aged 18 months, and whether infants' attention during SBR at 9 months mediated these associations. Frequency of SBR was parent-report and quality of SBR (i.e., number of reading strategies) and infants' attention were coded from recorded SBR interactions at home. The majority of mothers and fathers reported reading to their 9-month-olds at least weekly, and mothers reported reading, on average, significantly more often than fathers. There was large variability in parents' SBR quality ranging from 0 to 15 strategies per minute, with labelling being the most common. Path analysis showed that mothers' SBR frequency at 9 months was significantly associated with infants' receptive and expressive language skills at 18 months, whereas, SBR quality by either parent was not significant. Infants' attention did not mediate these associations. These findings suggest that early SBR is beneficial for language development and programmes targeting early language development should encourage both mothers and fathers to read often to their infants during the first year.</p>","PeriodicalId":47820,"journal":{"name":"Infant and Child Development","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/icd.2516","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140895725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspectives on the impact of generative AI on early-childhood development and education","authors":"Karlis Kanders,&nbsp;Louis Stupple-Harris,&nbsp;Laurie Smith,&nbsp;Jenny Louise Gibson","doi":"10.1002/icd.2514","DOIUrl":"10.1002/icd.2514","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Generative artificial intelligence (GAI) is rapidly becoming ubiquitous in many contexts. There is limited scholarship, however, in the fields of Developmental Psychology and Early Childhood Education exploring the implications of generative AI for babies and young children. In this Perspectives piece, we discuss potential use cases, opportunities, and risks for the application of AI in early childhood. Our insights are informed by extensive discussion with stakeholders and by desk research carried out in our roles as academics and analysts in a social innovation foundation. Our aim is to stimulate nuanced and informed discourse on the topic of generative AI in early childhood that can inform innovation in both research and practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":47820,"journal":{"name":"Infant and Child Development","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/icd.2514","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140826395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal associations between attachment representations coded in the adult attachment interview in late adolescence and perceptions of romantic relationship adjustment in adulthood","authors":"Or Dagan,&nbsp;Marissa D. Nivison,&nbsp;Maria E. Bleil,&nbsp;Cathryn Booth-LaForce,&nbsp;Theodore E. A. Waters,&nbsp;Glenn I. Roisman","doi":"10.1002/icd.2512","DOIUrl":"10.1002/icd.2512","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Increasingly, researchers have operationalized Adult Attachment Interview (AAI)-derived attachment representations as reflecting individual differences in secure base script knowledge (AAI_sbs) – the degree to which individuals show awareness of the temporal-causal schema that summarizes the basic features of seeking and receiving effective support from caregivers when in distress. In a series of pre-registered analyses, we used AAI transcripts recently re-coded for AAI_sbs and leveraged a new follow-up assessment of the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development cohort at around age 30 years (479 currently partnered participants; 59% female; 82% White/non-Hispanic) to assess and compare the links between AAI_sbs and traditional AAI coding measures at around age 18 years and self-reported romantic relationship quality in adulthood. Higher AAI_sbs predicted better dyadic adjustment scores in adulthood (<i>r</i> = 0.17) and this association remained significant controlling for other AAI-derived coding measures, as well as sociodemographic and cognitive functioning covariates. Findings extend previous evidence pointing to the predictive significance of AAI_sbs for multiple adult functioning domains.</p>","PeriodicalId":47820,"journal":{"name":"Infant and Child Development","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140826387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early risk for child externalising symptoms: Examining genetic, prenatal, temperamental and parental influences","authors":"Sohee Lee,&nbsp;Olivia C. Robertson,&nbsp;Kristine Marceau,&nbsp;Valerie S. Knopik,&nbsp;Misaki N. Natsuaki,&nbsp;Daniel S. Shaw,&nbsp;Leslie D. Leve,&nbsp;Jody M. Ganiban,&nbsp;Jenae M. Neiderhiser","doi":"10.1002/icd.2508","DOIUrl":"10.1002/icd.2508","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study utilised the Early Growth and Development Study (<i>N</i> = 561 adoptive children; 57.2% male, 55.3% White), a study of children adopted at birth, to examine heritable (birth parent psychopathology) and prenatal risk (prenatal maternal distress and smoking during pregnancy), infant negative affectivity, adoptive parent over-reactivity and warmth as independent predictors of childhood externalising symptoms. The current study evaluated if: (1) infant negative affectivity and over-reactive parenting are candidate mediators for the effects of heritable and prenatal risk on externalising symptoms and (2) parental warmth weakens the influence of heritable risk, prenatal risk, negative affectivity and over-reactive parenting on externalising symptoms. There were main effects of heritable risk, infant negative affectivity and over-reactive parenting on child externalising symptoms. The study found no support for the hypothesised mediation and moderation effects, suggesting that targeting parental over-reactivity rather than warmth would be more effective in reducing the risk for childhood externalising symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":47820,"journal":{"name":"Infant and Child Development","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/icd.2508","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140820000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adults' memories of parental acceptance–rejection in childhood and psychological (mal)adjustment predict forgiveness and vengeance","authors":"Muhammad Mussaffa Butt,&nbsp;Ronald P. Rohner,&nbsp;Nour M. Zaki","doi":"10.1002/icd.2511","DOIUrl":"10.1002/icd.2511","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigated relations between emerging adults' memories of parental acceptance–rejection during childhood and the adults' dispositions towards forgiveness and vengeance, as mediated by psychological (mal)adjustment. South Asian (Pakistani) participants, including 242 (25.6%) men (<i>M</i>_age = 21.69, SD = 2.34) and 704 (74.4%) women (<i>M</i>_age = 21.14, SD = 2.09), responded to the short forms of the maternal and paternal Adult Parental Acceptance–Rejection Questionnaires, the Adult Personality Assessment Questionnaire, the Heartland Forgiveness Scale, the Vengeance Scale and a Personal Information Form. Results revealed that memories of both maternal and paternal rejection were correlated with current psychological maladjustment. <i>Paternal</i> rejection amongst women and <i>maternal</i> rejection amongst men predicted the disposition towards vengeance. <i>Maternal</i> acceptance amongst both men and women predicted the disposition towards forgiveness. <i>Paternal</i> acceptance, however, did not predict the disposition towards forgiveness amongst either men or women. Psychological <i>adjustment</i> amongst both men and women mediated relations between maternal and paternal acceptance and the disposition towards forgiveness. However, psychological <i>maladjustment</i> was a significant mediator of the relation between maternal and paternal rejection and the disposition towards vengeance amongst men and women. Implications of the findings and future directions of research are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":47820,"journal":{"name":"Infant and Child Development","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140820018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do mother's socialization goals in early childhood predict children's later self?","authors":"Pirko Tõugu,&nbsp;Anni Tamm,&nbsp;Tiia Tulviste","doi":"10.1002/icd.2513","DOIUrl":"10.1002/icd.2513","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, maternal socialization goals in early childhood were linked to qualities of children's self in middle childhood, while also considering maternal education and child gender. Estonian mothers (<i>N</i> = 209; <i>M</i>_age = 33.6; 52.2% had university education) provided ratings of their socialization goals for children (52.2% girls; <i>M</i>_age = 6.2), children's self was gauged 4 years later. The more mothers endorsed social conformity-related socialization goals, the fewer different autonomy-related (<i>β</i> = −0.15) and relatedness-related qualities of self (<i>β</i> = −0.21) their children had in their descriptions of themselves and their autobiographical memories. Mothers' self-maximization socialization goals were not linked to the qualities of children's self. Mothers without a university degree endorsed social conformity-related socialization goals more than mothers with a university degree (<i>β</i> = −0.20). Girls referred to more relatedness-related qualities than boys (<i>β</i> = 0.23). The results show that maternal socialization goals do not always have a straightforward effect on different qualities of children's self. Yet, conformity-related goals by mothers predict the qualities of children's later self.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Children's self is predicted by gender and earlier maternal socialization goals.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Mother's social conformity-related socialization goals predict children's later self.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Self-maximization related socialization goals are not linked to children's self.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47820,"journal":{"name":"Infant and Child Development","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/icd.2513","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140651822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Verification report: Egalitarianism in young children","authors":"Georgia Clift,&nbsp;Jennifer Beaudry,&nbsp;Sumie Leung,&nbsp;Jordy Kaufman","doi":"10.1002/icd.2505","DOIUrl":"10.1002/icd.2505","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present study sought to evaluate the reproducibility of prominent findings stated by Fehr et al. in their developmental resource allocation experiment \"Egalitarianism in Young Children\", published in 2008. The experiment involved children making decisions about distributing sweets between themselves and either an in-group or an out-group recipient. Fehr et al. found that (1) inequity aversion develops with age; (2) 3- to 4-year-old children are inclined toward self-advantageous allocations, whereas 7- to 8-year-olds distribute sweets more evenly in divisions, and (3) the influence of group status increases as children age. The original article stated that 229 Swiss school students aged 3 to 8 years (102 boys, 127 girls) participated in the study. However, no further demographics were reported. In our attempts to reproduce Fehr et al.'s original analyses and reanalyse the raw dataset, we found that one of the key variables was miscoded. After rectifying the miscoded variable, the reproduction results revealed only one ambiguously irreproducible result regarding a group status main effect in the sharing mini-game—with three other tests exhibiting either strong reproducibility or ambiguous reproducibility. Reanalysis results indicated that Fehr et al.'s conclusions are robust when tested with alternative analytical tests.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>We evaluated the reproducibility of Fehr et al.'s (2008) highly cited developmental resource allocation findings.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>After identifying an inversely coded variable, we found all tests—bar one probit regression not related to major findings—to be reproducible. Reanalysis confirmed the robustness of Fehr et al.'s conclusions when using alternate analytical methods.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Fehr et al.'s developmental resource allocation findings are reproducible and have theoretical implications for understanding inequity aversion and group status effects on resource allocation decisions in young children.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47820,"journal":{"name":"Infant and Child Development","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/icd.2505","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140557283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Registered Reports with secondary developmental data: Introduction to the special issue","authors":"Pamela E. Davis-Kean,&nbsp;Alexa Ellis,&nbsp;Moin Syed","doi":"10.1002/icd.2506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.2506","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Events of the past decade have revealed substantial limitations in our standard approach to evaluating manuscripts for publication. Preference for ‘positive results’ and findings that are surprising or novel has led to a substantial publication bias that casts doubt on large portions of the existing literature (Davis-Kean &amp; Ellis, &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;; Scheel et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). Registered Reports represent a major initiative to combat these problems, as they shift the focus of evaluation from the nature of the findings to the strength of the conceptualization, research design and analytic plan (Chambers, &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Contrary to the standard review process, with Registered Reports the process is split into two distinct stages. Authors initially submit a Stage 1 proposal consisting of the Introduction, Method and Planned Analysis sections prior to conducting the study. The Stage 1 proposal is sent for peer review, with an ultimate positive outcome of an ‘in principle acceptance,’ which is a guarantee that the journal will publish the full article, regardless of the results, providing the authors conduct the study as planned and do so competently. Following the in principle acceptance authors collect the data and/or conduct the analysis and then submit the Stage 2 report for final review. For more information, and answers to frequently asked questions about Registered Reports, see https://cos.io/rr/.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Registered Reports have been increasingly adopted in journals across the sciences in general, and psychology in particular. Although uptake had initially been slow amongst developmental journals, this has changed considerably in recent years (see Syed et al., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;, for Registered Reports specifically and Silverstein et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;, for open science and metascience more generally). Nevertheless, there remain many questions about how the format works for complex longitudinal designs and secondary data (van den Akker et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;), both of which are common in developmental research (see also Syed &amp; Donnellan, &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The purpose of this Special Issue was to feature Registered Reports using secondary (pre-existing) data pertaining to developmental issues from the prenatal period through early adulthood. Secondary datasets refer to data collected by someone other than the primary user. Datasets used in the eight articles featured in the special issue covered wide ground. Two of the articles relied on the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, one to investigate how early caregiver interactions are related to educational attainment, income and employment (Duncan et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;), and the other to compare relations between parental sensitivity and two different methods for assessing attachment (Nivison et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). Examining parenting from a different perspective, Wright and Jack","PeriodicalId":47820,"journal":{"name":"Infant and Child Development","volume":"33 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/icd.2506","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140556308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The affective, cognitive, and physiological effects of implementing antecedent‐focused emotion regulation strategies in childhood","authors":"Elizabeth L. Davis, Shannon M. Brady, Kasey Pankratz, Zariah Tolman, Parisa Parsafar, Emily W. Shih","doi":"10.1002/icd.2509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.2509","url":null,"abstract":"Different components of emotional responding may be affected by using specific emotion regulation strategies that enable children's volitional self‐regulation. This study examined the affective, cognitive, and physiological effects of experimentally instructing children to deploy distraction or reappraisal to regulate negative emotion during an evocative film clip. One‐hundred eighty‐four 4‐ to 11‐year‐old children [<jats:italic>M</jats:italic> = 7.66 years; <jats:italic>SD</jats:italic> = 2.33 years; 94 girls; mixed race (36%), Latino/Latina (30%), European American (19%), African American (11%), Asian American (2%), or other (2%)] participated. Neither strategy affected observed distress or self‐reported negative emotion. Relative to a control condition, children instructed to use reappraisal reported attenuated rumination. Distraction also predicted attenuated rumination, as well as a pattern of parasympathetic reactivity indicative of disengagement that correlated with parents' reported use of minimizing and punitive emotion socialization practices. Findings underscore the utility of multi‐method approaches that examine parasympathetic activity in conjunction with volitional measures of self‐regulation.","PeriodicalId":47820,"journal":{"name":"Infant and Child Development","volume":"294 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140551947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}