Work and Occupations最新文献_第7页

Gender and Racial Discrimination in Hiring Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from a Field Experiment of Accountants, 2018-2020. 新冠肺炎大流行之前和期间招聘中的性别和种族歧视：2018-2020年会计师实地实验的证据

IF 4.5 2区社会学

Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/07308884221094539

Koji Chavez, Katherine Weisshaar, Tania Cabello-Hutt

{"title":"Gender and Racial Discrimination in Hiring Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from a Field Experiment of Accountants, 2018-2020.","authors":"Koji Chavez, Katherine Weisshaar, Tania Cabello-Hutt","doi":"10.1177/07308884221094539","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07308884221094539","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we ask whether macro-level changes during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic relate to changes in the levels of discrimination against women and Black job-seekers at the point of hire. We develop three main hypotheses: that discrimination against women and Black job-seekers increases due to a reduction in labor demand; that discrimination against women decreases due to the reduced supply of women employees and applicants; and that discrimination against Black job-seekers decreases due to increased attention toward racial inequities associated with the Black Lives Matter protests during the summer of 2020. We test these hypotheses using a correspondence audit study collected over two periods, before and during the early COVID-19 pandemic, for one professional occupation: accountants. We find that White women experience a positive change in callbacks during the pandemic, being preferred over White men, and this change is concentrated in geographic areas that experienced relatively larger decreases in women's labor supply. Black women experience discrimination pre-pandemic but receive similar callbacks to White men during the pandemic. In contrast to both White and Black women, discrimination against Black men is persistent before and during the pandemic. Our findings are consistent with the prediction of gender-specific changes in labor supply being associated with gender-specific changes in hiring discrimination during the COVID-19 pandemic. More broadly, our study shows how hiring decision-making is related to macro-level labor market processes.","PeriodicalId":47716,"journal":{"name":"Work and Occupations","volume":"49 1","pages":"275-315"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9047608/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42986921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Farrugia, D. (2021) Youth, Work and the Post-Fordist Self 法鲁吉亚，D.(2021)青年、工作与后福特自我

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/07308884221103462

Stephanie Taylor

引用次数: 1

Prime Suspect: Mechanisms of Labor Control at Amazon's Warehouses 首要嫌疑犯：亚马逊仓库的劳动力控制机制

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2022-06-19 DOI: 10.1177/07308884221106922

S. Vallas, H. Johnston, Yana Mommadova

{"title":"Prime Suspect: Mechanisms of Labor Control at Amazon's Warehouses","authors":"S. Vallas, H. Johnston, Yana Mommadova","doi":"10.1177/07308884221106922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07308884221106922","url":null,"abstract":"What mechanisms has Amazon deployed in its effort to control the labor of its warehouse employees? This question holds both practical and theoretical interest, given Amazon's prominent position in the economy and the wider importance of the logistics sector for consumer capitalism. This paper, part of a broader mixed-methods study of Amazon's workplace regime, uses a small national sample of interviews with Amazon warehouse workers (N = 46) to identify the mechanisms of labor control the company invokes. In keeping with accounts propounded by activists and journalists, we find evidence of highly coercive labor controls, chiefly in the form of what we call techno-economic despotism (which applies algorithmic technology to a precariously employed workforce). Yet many workers also experience forms of labor control that rely not on coercion but on the generation of consent. We identify three such mechanisms of hegemonic labor control - normative, relational, and governmental – that Amazon uses to foster workers’ consent. The efficacy of Amazon's workplace regime stems largely from its ability to deploy a multiplicity of labor controls that resonate with different groups holding distinct positions in the labor process. Given shifts in the social and economic conditions that bear on the company's regime, cracks have begun to appear in Amazon's armor, potentially reducing the traction its labor control mechanisms have gained with segments of its employees.","PeriodicalId":47716,"journal":{"name":"Work and Occupations","volume":"49 1","pages":"421 - 456"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49466576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

The Organization of Networking and Gender Inequality in the New Economy: Evidence from the Tech Industry 网络组织与新经济中的性别不平等——来自科技产业的证据

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2022-05-29 DOI: 10.1177/07308884221102134

Ethel L. Mickey

{"title":"The Organization of Networking and Gender Inequality in the New Economy: Evidence from the Tech Industry","authors":"Ethel L. Mickey","doi":"10.1177/07308884221102134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07308884221102134","url":null,"abstract":"In the new economy, with shrinking organizational supports and increased precarity for professional workers, networking has intensified as an entrepreneurial career management strategy. Networking is embedded in the logic of new work organizations, but less attention has been paid to its impact on gender inequality. Through fifty interviews with workers from one tech company and nine months of observations, I ask: (1) In the new economy, with intense networking demands, how does gender structure the networking strategies of workers? And (2) How does the organization of networking contribute to gender inequality? I find that individuals draw on masculinity and femininity as they network in ways that reproduce gender status hierarchies. The structure and culture of networking disproportionately limit the careers of women compared to men by shaping their (1) networking approaches; (2) attitudes about networking; and (3) resources gained from networking. Men network by strategically socializing, confidently building informal relationships with other men through masculine activities and leveraging these relationships for key resources. Women cannot similarly access informal relationships, and so they engage in strategic networking, attending formal networking events that are less effective in providing career resources. Women embodying an elite, white femininity locate personal support in the company-sponsored women's network. However, this group reinforces organizational boundaries by gender and race. This article advances sociological literature on inequality in the new economy, drawing on gender theory to demonstrate how in elite, male-dominated industries like technology, networking contributes to the maintenance of gender inequalities.","PeriodicalId":47716,"journal":{"name":"Work and Occupations","volume":"49 1","pages":"383 - 420"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44738642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

LGBTQ@NASA and Beyond: Work Structure and Workplace Inequality among LGBTQ STEM Professionals. LGBTQ@NASA及其他:LGBTQ STEM专业人士的工作结构和工作场所不平等

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2022-05-01 Epub Date: 2022-02-21 DOI: 10.1177/07308884221080938

Erin A Cech, Tom Waidzunas

{"title":"LGBTQ@NASA and Beyond: Work Structure and Workplace Inequality among LGBTQ STEM Professionals.","authors":"Erin A Cech, Tom Waidzunas","doi":"10.1177/07308884221080938","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07308884221080938","url":null,"abstract":"Scholars are just beginning to understand how organizational processes shape LGBTQ workplace inequality. Using multimethod data from STEM professionals, this article examines how one such factor-the way work tasks are structured within organizations-may impact LGBTQ workers' experiences of marginalization and devaluation. Through interviews with STEM professionals at two NASA space flight centers with different work structures, we find that LGBTQ professionals at the NASA center where work is organized in dynamic project-based teams experienced less inclusive and respectful interactions with colleagues, in part because they had to rapidly establish credibility and develop new status management strategies each time they were shuffled into new teams. The stability of the traditional unit-based structure at the other NASA center, by contrast, allowed LGBTQ professionals time to navigate status management and build trust. This stability also facilitated LGBTQ community building. Analysis of survey data of over 14,000 US STEM professionals (594 who identify as LGBTQ) corroborates this work structure pattern: LGBTQ professionals across STEM disciplines and employment sectors working in dynamic project-based teams were more likely to report interpersonal marginalization and devaluation than LGBTQ professionals who worked in traditional unit-based structures. These findings highlight work structure as an important mechanism of LGBTQ inequality that demands further investigation.","PeriodicalId":47716,"journal":{"name":"Work and Occupations","volume":"49 1","pages":"187-228"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10978047/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41920284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ford, M. (2019). From Migrant to Worker: Global Unions and Temporary Labor Migration in Asia Ford，M.（2019）。从移民到工人：全球工会与亚洲临时劳工移民

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1177/07308884211040784

G. Alberti

引用次数: 0

Kerrissey, Jasmine, Eve Weinbaum, Clare Hammonds, Tom Juravich, and Dan Clawson, eds. (2020). Labor in the Time of Trump Kerrissey, Jasmine, Eve Weinbaum, Clare Hammonds, Tom Juravich和Dan Clawson主编。(2020)。特朗普时代的劳工

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1177/07308884221080924

R. Givan

{"title":"Kerrissey, Jasmine, Eve Weinbaum, Clare Hammonds, Tom Juravich, and Dan Clawson, eds. (2020). Labor in the Time of Trump","authors":"R. Givan","doi":"10.1177/07308884221080924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07308884221080924","url":null,"abstract":"While the election of Donald Trump in 2016 felt to many like an emergency, it was the culmination of deeply-rooted trends and power dynamics embedded in the economy, society, and the political system. The authors and editors of Labor in the Age of Trump clearly demonstrate that the Trump election was a manifestation of a chronic condition, not an acute crisis. The authors do, however, clearly define Trump’s election and ensuing policies as a crisis, creating a series of choices for the labor movement, the outcome of which might be existential. Scholars at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Labor Center organized a conference in 2017 as a response to the questions, practical and academic, raised by Trump’s election victory. This edited volume includes contributions by conference participants. It represents an attempt to understand the longer trajectory that led to the Trump election and to suggest fruitful responses to this moment that might be both possible and necessary for organized labor. Editors Jasmine Kerrissey, Eve Weinbaum, Clare Hammonds, Tom Juravich, and the late Dan Clawson have provided a response to a particular moment that functions as an analysis of a much longer (and still unfolding) project. The book offers four sections. The first lays out competing explanations for the causes of Trump’s ascendancy. The second explains the mechanics of the Trump agenda, demonstrating the deep roots of attacks on public Book Reviews","PeriodicalId":47716,"journal":{"name":"Work and Occupations","volume":"49 1","pages":"264 - 266"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65362717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Job Satisfaction and Women's Timing of Return to Work after Childbirth in the UK 在英国，工作满意度和女性产后重返工作岗位的时机

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2022-04-18 DOI: 10.1177/07308884221087988

Julia M. Gumy, Anke C. Plagnol, Agnieszka Piasna

引用次数: 2

Scarred by Your Employer? The Effect of Employers’ Strategies on the Career Outcomes of Non-Standard Employment 雇主给你留下了创伤?雇主策略对非标准就业职业成果的影响

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2022-04-05 DOI: 10.1177/07308884221076383

Lucille Mattijssen, D. Pavlopoulos, W. Smits

引用次数: 3

Wohl, H. (2021). Bound by Creativity: How Contemporary Art is Created and Judged Wohl，H.（2021）。被创造力束缚：当代艺术是如何被创造和评判的

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2022-03-14 DOI: 10.1177/07308884221087463

R. Skaggs

{"title":"Wohl, H. (2021). Bound by Creativity: How Contemporary Art is Created and Judged","authors":"R. Skaggs","doi":"10.1177/07308884221087463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07308884221087463","url":null,"abstract":"In Bound by Creativity: How Contemporary Art is Created and Judged, Hannah Wohl constructs an exemplary examination of the contemporary art world, using her findings to contribute an understanding of how “creative visions,” distinct and identifiable aesthetic and/or conceptual perspectives throughout a body of artistic work, constrain and facilitate judgments of art. She finds that the aesthetic choices that contemporary visual artists make in their work are collectively created and evaluated within artistic communities as a way of community self-regulation beyond purely economic or market measures. She shows us how, in aggregate, creative visions are the basis for occupational communities in spaces where there is disagreement about what is considered a job well done. Wohl tells us that artists “are free to follow their muse, just so long as their muse does not direct them to produce vertical paintings or anything orange” (p42). Choices in this world are aesthetic, except when they are not. Creative visions are relational, clarified by other members of the art world, curators, dealers, buyers, and collectors, who hold their own creative visions. Wohl conducted two years of ethnographic work in New York City’s contemporary art world, a case selected due to the dominance of the New York art scene globally. Her fieldwork included numerous, repeated studio visits with artists, as well as exhibition installations, exhibition openings, art fairs, and VIP events and parties. Her 104 interviewees are members of these places throughout the art world and include artists, dealers, curators, private collectors, and art advisers. Additional data come from almost 400 Book Reviews","PeriodicalId":47716,"journal":{"name":"Work and Occupations","volume":"49 1","pages":"376 - 378"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48839086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1