Work and Occupations最新文献_第7页

The Organization of Networking and Gender Inequality in the New Economy: Evidence from the Tech Industry 网络组织与新经济中的性别不平等——来自科技产业的证据

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2022-05-29 DOI: 10.1177/07308884221102134

Ethel L. Mickey

{"title":"The Organization of Networking and Gender Inequality in the New Economy: Evidence from the Tech Industry","authors":"Ethel L. Mickey","doi":"10.1177/07308884221102134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07308884221102134","url":null,"abstract":"In the new economy, with shrinking organizational supports and increased precarity for professional workers, networking has intensified as an entrepreneurial career management strategy. Networking is embedded in the logic of new work organizations, but less attention has been paid to its impact on gender inequality. Through fifty interviews with workers from one tech company and nine months of observations, I ask: (1) In the new economy, with intense networking demands, how does gender structure the networking strategies of workers? And (2) How does the organization of networking contribute to gender inequality? I find that individuals draw on masculinity and femininity as they network in ways that reproduce gender status hierarchies. The structure and culture of networking disproportionately limit the careers of women compared to men by shaping their (1) networking approaches; (2) attitudes about networking; and (3) resources gained from networking. Men network by strategically socializing, confidently building informal relationships with other men through masculine activities and leveraging these relationships for key resources. Women cannot similarly access informal relationships, and so they engage in strategic networking, attending formal networking events that are less effective in providing career resources. Women embodying an elite, white femininity locate personal support in the company-sponsored women's network. However, this group reinforces organizational boundaries by gender and race. This article advances sociological literature on inequality in the new economy, drawing on gender theory to demonstrate how in elite, male-dominated industries like technology, networking contributes to the maintenance of gender inequalities.","PeriodicalId":47716,"journal":{"name":"Work and Occupations","volume":"49 1","pages":"383 - 420"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44738642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

LGBTQ@NASA and Beyond: Work Structure and Workplace Inequality among LGBTQ STEM Professionals. LGBTQ@NASA及其他:LGBTQ STEM专业人士的工作结构和工作场所不平等

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2022-05-01 Epub Date: 2022-02-21 DOI: 10.1177/07308884221080938

Erin A Cech, Tom Waidzunas

{"title":"LGBTQ@NASA and Beyond: Work Structure and Workplace Inequality among LGBTQ STEM Professionals.","authors":"Erin A Cech, Tom Waidzunas","doi":"10.1177/07308884221080938","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07308884221080938","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scholars are just beginning to understand how organizational processes shape LGBTQ workplace inequality. Using multimethod data from STEM professionals, this article examines how one such factor-the way work tasks are structured within organizations-may impact LGBTQ workers' experiences of marginalization and devaluation. Through interviews with STEM professionals at two NASA space flight centers with different work structures, we find that LGBTQ professionals at the NASA center where work is organized in dynamic project-based teams experienced less inclusive and respectful interactions with colleagues, in part because they had to rapidly establish credibility and develop new status management strategies each time they were shuffled into new teams. The stability of the traditional unit-based structure at the other NASA center, by contrast, allowed LGBTQ professionals time to navigate status management and build trust. This stability also facilitated LGBTQ community building. Analysis of survey data of over 14,000 US STEM professionals (594 who identify as LGBTQ) corroborates this work structure pattern: LGBTQ professionals across STEM disciplines and employment sectors working in dynamic project-based teams were more likely to report interpersonal marginalization and devaluation than LGBTQ professionals who worked in traditional unit-based structures. These findings highlight work structure as an important mechanism of LGBTQ inequality that demands further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":47716,"journal":{"name":"Work and Occupations","volume":"49 1","pages":"187-228"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10978047/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41920284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ford, M. (2019). From Migrant to Worker: Global Unions and Temporary Labor Migration in Asia Ford，M.（2019）。从移民到工人：全球工会与亚洲临时劳工移民

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1177/07308884211040784

G. Alberti

引用次数: 0

Kerrissey, Jasmine, Eve Weinbaum, Clare Hammonds, Tom Juravich, and Dan Clawson, eds. (2020). Labor in the Time of Trump Kerrissey, Jasmine, Eve Weinbaum, Clare Hammonds, Tom Juravich和Dan Clawson主编。(2020)。特朗普时代的劳工

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1177/07308884221080924

R. Givan

{"title":"Kerrissey, Jasmine, Eve Weinbaum, Clare Hammonds, Tom Juravich, and Dan Clawson, eds. (2020). Labor in the Time of Trump","authors":"R. Givan","doi":"10.1177/07308884221080924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07308884221080924","url":null,"abstract":"While the election of Donald Trump in 2016 felt to many like an emergency, it was the culmination of deeply-rooted trends and power dynamics embedded in the economy, society, and the political system. The authors and editors of Labor in the Age of Trump clearly demonstrate that the Trump election was a manifestation of a chronic condition, not an acute crisis. The authors do, however, clearly define Trump’s election and ensuing policies as a crisis, creating a series of choices for the labor movement, the outcome of which might be existential. Scholars at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Labor Center organized a conference in 2017 as a response to the questions, practical and academic, raised by Trump’s election victory. This edited volume includes contributions by conference participants. It represents an attempt to understand the longer trajectory that led to the Trump election and to suggest fruitful responses to this moment that might be both possible and necessary for organized labor. Editors Jasmine Kerrissey, Eve Weinbaum, Clare Hammonds, Tom Juravich, and the late Dan Clawson have provided a response to a particular moment that functions as an analysis of a much longer (and still unfolding) project. The book offers four sections. The first lays out competing explanations for the causes of Trump’s ascendancy. The second explains the mechanics of the Trump agenda, demonstrating the deep roots of attacks on public Book Reviews","PeriodicalId":47716,"journal":{"name":"Work and Occupations","volume":"49 1","pages":"264 - 266"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65362717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Job Satisfaction and Women's Timing of Return to Work after Childbirth in the UK 在英国，工作满意度和女性产后重返工作岗位的时机

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2022-04-18 DOI: 10.1177/07308884221087988

Julia M. Gumy, Anke C. Plagnol, Agnieszka Piasna

引用次数: 2

Scarred by Your Employer? The Effect of Employers’ Strategies on the Career Outcomes of Non-Standard Employment 雇主给你留下了创伤?雇主策略对非标准就业职业成果的影响

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2022-04-05 DOI: 10.1177/07308884221076383

Lucille Mattijssen, D. Pavlopoulos, W. Smits

引用次数: 3

Wohl, H. (2021). Bound by Creativity: How Contemporary Art is Created and Judged Wohl，H.（2021）。被创造力束缚：当代艺术是如何被创造和评判的

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2022-03-14 DOI: 10.1177/07308884221087463

R. Skaggs

{"title":"Wohl, H. (2021). Bound by Creativity: How Contemporary Art is Created and Judged","authors":"R. Skaggs","doi":"10.1177/07308884221087463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07308884221087463","url":null,"abstract":"In Bound by Creativity: How Contemporary Art is Created and Judged, Hannah Wohl constructs an exemplary examination of the contemporary art world, using her findings to contribute an understanding of how “creative visions,” distinct and identifiable aesthetic and/or conceptual perspectives throughout a body of artistic work, constrain and facilitate judgments of art. She finds that the aesthetic choices that contemporary visual artists make in their work are collectively created and evaluated within artistic communities as a way of community self-regulation beyond purely economic or market measures. She shows us how, in aggregate, creative visions are the basis for occupational communities in spaces where there is disagreement about what is considered a job well done. Wohl tells us that artists “are free to follow their muse, just so long as their muse does not direct them to produce vertical paintings or anything orange” (p42). Choices in this world are aesthetic, except when they are not. Creative visions are relational, clarified by other members of the art world, curators, dealers, buyers, and collectors, who hold their own creative visions. Wohl conducted two years of ethnographic work in New York City’s contemporary art world, a case selected due to the dominance of the New York art scene globally. Her fieldwork included numerous, repeated studio visits with artists, as well as exhibition installations, exhibition openings, art fairs, and VIP events and parties. Her 104 interviewees are members of these places throughout the art world and include artists, dealers, curators, private collectors, and art advisers. Additional data come from almost 400 Book Reviews","PeriodicalId":47716,"journal":{"name":"Work and Occupations","volume":"49 1","pages":"376 - 378"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48839086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Inglis, P. (2019). Narrow Fairways: Getting by and Falling Behind in the New India Inglis，P.（2019）。狭窄的航道：在新印度的生存与落后

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/07308884211039277

S. Annavarapu

引用次数: 0

When Do Work-Family Policies Work? Unpacking the Effects of Stigma and Financial Costs for Men and Women 工作-家庭政策何时起作用?拆解污名对男性和女性的影响和经济成本

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2022-01-24 DOI: 10.1177/07308884211069914

Sarah Thébaud, David S. Pedulla

{"title":"When Do Work-Family Policies Work? Unpacking the Effects of Stigma and Financial Costs for Men and Women","authors":"Sarah Thébaud, David S. Pedulla","doi":"10.1177/07308884211069914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07308884211069914","url":null,"abstract":"Work-family policies—such as parental leave and flextime—can help to facilitate gender equality in workplaces and in families. But policy use is typically low, varies significantly from one workplace to another, and is often more prevalent among women than men. Extant research suggests that flexibility stigma—workplace norms that penalize workers for utilizing policies that facilitate non-work demands—as well as the financial costs associated with policy use, contribute to this pattern. However, previous studies have been largely correlational in nature, and have had difficulty assessing how these factors may interact with one another to shape gendered patterns of policy use. In this study, we offer novel causal traction on this set of issues. Using an original, population-based survey experiment, we examine how the salience of flexibility stigma and financial costs affect men's and women's intentions to use work-family policies. We find that these factors exert a large direct effect on men's and women's intentions to use work-family policies. Moreover, the gender gap in parental leave use intentions is large in workplace contexts with high flexibility stigma and high financial costs, but this gap narrows significantly under more favorable conditions. Findings point to the importance of organizational contexts and policy design in shaping work-family policy use and, in turn, gender inequality.","PeriodicalId":47716,"journal":{"name":"Work and Occupations","volume":"49 1","pages":"229 - 263"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45410509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Immigrant–Native Wage Gaps at Work: How the Public and Private Sectors Shape Relational Inequality Processes 工作中的移民和本地工资差距:公共和私营部门如何塑造关系不平等过程

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2022-01-11 DOI: 10.1177/07308884211060765

Eileen Peters, S. Melzer

引用次数: 5