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Inequality in Household Job Insecurity and Mental Health: Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic. 家庭工作不安全感和心理健康中的不平等:COVID-19大流行期间的变化。
IF 2.9 2区 社会学
Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/07308884221123255
Rachel Donnelly, Rachel Zajdel, Mateo P Farina
{"title":"Inequality in Household Job Insecurity and Mental Health: Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Rachel Donnelly,&nbsp;Rachel Zajdel,&nbsp;Mateo P Farina","doi":"10.1177/07308884221123255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07308884221123255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using nationally representative data from the Household Pulse Survey (April 2020-March 2021), we examined how associations between household job insecurity and mental health changed throughout the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (<i>n</i> = 1,248,043). We also documented changes in the unequal distribution of job insecurity by race/ethnicity and educational attainment over time. We find that job insecurity was strongly associated with depression and anxiety throughout the study period, and the associations strengthened as the pandemic continued, especially in fall 2020. Moreover, racial/ethnic minorities with lower levels of educational attainment had the greatest risk of job insecurity, and educational disparities in job insecurity changed over time. Psychological distress during the pandemic, including disparities therein, must be considered a public health priority.</p>","PeriodicalId":47716,"journal":{"name":"Work and Occupations","volume":"49 4","pages":"457-482"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9474300/pdf/10.1177_07308884221123255.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9730307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
The Demographic Context of Hiring Discrimination: Evidence from a Field Experiment in 50 Metropolitan Statistical Areas 雇用歧视的人口背景:来自50个大都市统计区的实地实验证据
IF 2.9 2区 社会学
Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2022-10-26 DOI: 10.1177/07308884221134470
Q. Mai
{"title":"The Demographic Context of Hiring Discrimination: Evidence from a Field Experiment in 50 Metropolitan Statistical Areas","authors":"Q. Mai","doi":"10.1177/07308884221134470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07308884221134470","url":null,"abstract":"How do the demographic contexts of urban labor markets correlate with the extent to which racial and ethnic minorities are disadvantaged at the hiring stage? This paper builds on two branches of labor market stratification literature to link demographic contexts of labor markets to race- and ethnicity-based hiring discrimination that manifest within them. Relying on a unique large-scale field experiment that involved submitting nearly 12,000 fictitious resumes to real job postings across 50 major urban areas, I found that Black population size is associated with greater discrimination against Black candidates, providing support for the “visibility-discrimination” thesis. I also show that this thesis cannot be extended straightforwardly to comparisons between Whites and other ethnic minority groups: I found no evidence of an association between Latino and Asian concentration and the labor market outcomes of those groups relative to Whites. The paper concludes with theoretical implications for studies of race and stratification, labor markets, and urban inequalities.","PeriodicalId":47716,"journal":{"name":"Work and Occupations","volume":"50 1","pages":"463 - 498"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42872785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Precarious Employment during the COVID-19 Pandemic, Disability-Related Discrimination, and Mental Health 新冠肺炎大流行期间的不稳定就业、与残疾相关的歧视和心理健康
IF 2.9 2区 社会学
Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2022-10-03 DOI: 10.1177/07308884221129839
R. Brown, Gabriele Ciciurkaite
{"title":"Precarious Employment during the COVID-19 Pandemic, Disability-Related Discrimination, and Mental Health","authors":"R. Brown, Gabriele Ciciurkaite","doi":"10.1177/07308884221129839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07308884221129839","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on separate strands of research documenting the psychological consequences of (a) precarious employment and other challenges associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and (b) ableism, this study incorporates both into an examination of disability-based differences in the joint significance of discrimination and work precarity during the pandemic for mental health. Analyses utilizing data from a regional survey of people with and without disabilities in the Intermountain West (N = 2,012) provide evidence that precarious employment, greater discrimination, and disability independently predict depressive symptoms. Further, in the context of greater discrimination, more precarious employment is found to have greater significance for people with disabilities compared to those who are not currently disabled. These findings challenge us to think about how we engage in research concerning ableism and macro-level stressors, and underscore the role of power structures and positionality in shaping the psychological impact of employment challenges experienced during the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":47716,"journal":{"name":"Work and Occupations","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41721695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Employment Precarity, COVID-19 Risk, and Workers' Well-Being During the Pandemic in Europe 欧洲大流行期间的就业不稳定性、COVID-19风险和工人福利
IF 2.9 2区 社会学
Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2022-09-19 DOI: 10.1177/07308884221126415
Q. Wu
{"title":"Employment Precarity, COVID-19 Risk, and Workers' Well-Being During the Pandemic in Europe","authors":"Q. Wu","doi":"10.1177/07308884221126415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07308884221126415","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 crisis highlights a growing precarity in employment and the importance of employment for workers' well-being. Existing studies primarily examine the consequences of employment precarity through non-standard employment arrangements or the perception of job insecurity as a one-dimensional measure. Recent scholars advocate a multidimensional construct with a wide range of objective and subjective characteristics of precariousness. Using data from Eurofound's Living, Working, and COVID-19 surveys, I define employment precarity as the objective form of employment instability, as well as subjective terms of job insecurity and emotional precariousness. I also investigate whether and how various facets of employment precarity along with COVID-19 risk are associated with workers' mental and subjective well-being across 27 European Union member states during the pandemic. This study sheds light on a comprehensive understanding of objective and subjective dimensions of employment precarity, as well as their effects on workers' well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":47716,"journal":{"name":"Work and Occupations","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43485901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
The Contributions of Social Stressors and Coping Resources to Psychological Distress Among Those Who Experienced Furlough or Job Loss Due to COVID-19 社会压力源和应对资源对因COVID-19而经历休假或失业的人心理困扰的贡献
IF 2.9 2区 社会学
Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2022-09-15 DOI: 10.1177/07308884221123325
Matthew K. Grace
{"title":"The Contributions of Social Stressors and Coping Resources to Psychological Distress Among Those Who Experienced Furlough or Job Loss Due to COVID-19","authors":"Matthew K. Grace","doi":"10.1177/07308884221123325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07308884221123325","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic precipitated a global economic recession resulting in widespread unemployment and worker furloughs. Using national survey data (n = 2,000), this study examines whether and how employment-based discrepancies in financial strains, anticipatory stressors, and personal coping resources contribute to elevated psychological distress among those who experienced involuntary job displacement due to COVID-19. Disaggregating displaced workers into those who were furloughed and those who lost their job due to the pandemic, I find that both groups report more depressive symptoms and anger than the stably employed and respondents whose unemployment is not COVID-related. Greater financial strains and smaller reserves of coping resources contribute in varying degrees to heightened levels of distress found among displaced workers, however, anticipatory stress about economic security is the predominant factor driving disparities in psychological distress. These findings, and the central role of anticipatory stressors in shaping employment-based differences in mental health during the pandemic, are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47716,"journal":{"name":"Work and Occupations","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42938319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
“It’s Not Like Chasing Chanel:” Spending Time, Investing in the Self, and Pandemic Epiphanies 《这不像追逐香奈儿》:花时间，投资自我，以及流行病的顿悟
IF 2.9 2区 社会学
Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2022-09-15 DOI: 10.1177/07308884221125246
Alexandrea J. Ravenelle, K. Kowalski
{"title":"“It’s Not Like Chasing Chanel:” Spending Time, Investing in the Self, and Pandemic Epiphanies","authors":"Alexandrea J. Ravenelle, K. Kowalski","doi":"10.1177/07308884221125246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07308884221125246","url":null,"abstract":"The Covid-19 pandemic has greatly impacted the labor market and given rise to the Great Resignation. Drawing on a mixed methods panel study of 199 precarious and gig-based workers, we analyze how a changing conception of free time during the Covid-19 pandemic led low-wage service workers to seek more fulfilling careers. Whereas most workers initially perceived free time in terms of opportunity costs, they later reconceived this time as enabling an investment in personal growth, moving from “spending time” making money to “investing time” in themselves. This shift in temporal experience is expressed through the adoption of a “work passion” logic and “pandemic epiphanies” that motivated respondents to seek self-affirming and potentially more lucrative work opportunities.","PeriodicalId":47716,"journal":{"name":"Work and Occupations","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44235604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Do Large Employers Discriminate Less? An Exploration of Company Size Variation in Disability Discrimination Based on Data from two Field Experiments 大雇主歧视少吗?基于两个实地实验数据的公司规模差异对残障歧视的影响
IF 2.9 2区 社会学
Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2022-09-15 DOI: 10.1177/07308884221126877
Vegar Bjørnshagen
{"title":"Do Large Employers Discriminate Less? An Exploration of Company Size Variation in Disability Discrimination Based on Data from two Field Experiments","authors":"Vegar Bjørnshagen","doi":"10.1177/07308884221126877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07308884221126877","url":null,"abstract":"Recent field experiments have documented that discrimination constitutes a barrier to employment for people with disabilities. Less is known about how disability discrimination varies across contexts in the labor market. This study explores whether hiring discrimination based on a history of mental health problems and against wheelchair users varies with company size using data from two field experiments. The study provides mixed evidence suggesting that the negative effect of disclosing a history of mental health problems on employers' hiring decisions does not vary with company size, whereas discrimination against wheelchair users occurs less often in large companies.","PeriodicalId":47716,"journal":{"name":"Work and Occupations","volume":"49 1","pages":"483 - 511"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43287971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gender and Racial Discrimination in Hiring Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from a Field Experiment of Accountants, 2018-2020. 新冠肺炎大流行之前和期间招聘中的性别和种族歧视：2018-2020年会计师实地实验的证据
IF 2.9 2区 社会学
Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/07308884221094539
Koji Chavez, Katherine Weisshaar, Tania Cabello-Hutt
{"title":"Gender and Racial Discrimination in Hiring Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from a Field Experiment of Accountants, 2018-2020.","authors":"Koji Chavez, Katherine Weisshaar, Tania Cabello-Hutt","doi":"10.1177/07308884221094539","DOIUrl":"10.1177/07308884221094539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this article, we ask whether macro-level changes during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic relate to changes in the levels of discrimination against women and Black job-seekers at the point of hire. We develop three main hypotheses: that discrimination against women and Black job-seekers <i>increases</i> due to a reduction in labor demand; that discrimination against women <i>decreases</i> due to the reduced supply of women employees and applicants; and that discrimination against Black job-seekers <i>decreases</i> due to increased attention toward racial inequities associated with the Black Lives Matter protests during the summer of 2020. We test these hypotheses using a correspondence audit study collected over two periods, before and during the early COVID-19 pandemic, for one professional occupation: accountants. We find that White women experience a positive change in callbacks during the pandemic, being preferred over White men, and this change is concentrated in geographic areas that experienced relatively larger decreases in women's labor supply. Black women experience discrimination pre-pandemic but receive similar callbacks to White men during the pandemic. In contrast to both White and Black women, discrimination against Black men is persistent before and during the pandemic. Our findings are consistent with the prediction of gender-specific changes in labor supply being associated with gender-specific changes in hiring discrimination during the COVID-19 pandemic. More broadly, our study shows how hiring decision-making is related to macro-level labor market processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":47716,"journal":{"name":"Work and Occupations","volume":"49 1","pages":"275-315"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9047608/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42986921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Farrugia, D. (2021) Youth, Work and the Post-Fordist Self 法鲁吉亚，D.(2021)青年、工作与后福特自我
IF 2.9 2区 社会学
Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/07308884221103462
Stephanie Taylor
{"title":"Farrugia, D. (2021) Youth, Work and the Post-Fordist Self","authors":"Stephanie Taylor","doi":"10.1177/07308884221103462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07308884221103462","url":null,"abstract":"be an excellent text for graduate students studying qualitative methods and mixed methodological approaches to empirical research. Wohl’s contributions to the sociology of culture, work and occupations, and the sociology of value are especially important in the contemporary era when bureaucratic structures around occupations and work are changing. Her work provides a firm foundation for future study into the changing world of work and how workers can be judged to do good work within their occupational communities.","PeriodicalId":47716,"journal":{"name":"Work and Occupations","volume":"49 1","pages":"378 - 380"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65362740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Prime Suspect: Mechanisms of Labor Control at Amazon's Warehouses 首要嫌疑犯：亚马逊仓库的劳动力控制机制
IF 2.9 2区 社会学
Work and Occupations Pub Date : 2022-06-19 DOI: 10.1177/07308884221106922
S. Vallas, H. Johnston, Yana Mommadova
{"title":"Prime Suspect: Mechanisms of Labor Control at Amazon's Warehouses","authors":"S. Vallas, H. Johnston, Yana Mommadova","doi":"10.1177/07308884221106922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07308884221106922","url":null,"abstract":"What mechanisms has Amazon deployed in its effort to control the labor of its warehouse employees? This question holds both practical and theoretical interest, given Amazon's prominent position in the economy and the wider importance of the logistics sector for consumer capitalism. This paper, part of a broader mixed-methods study of Amazon's workplace regime, uses a small national sample of interviews with Amazon warehouse workers (N =  46) to identify the mechanisms of labor control the company invokes. In keeping with accounts propounded by activists and journalists, we find evidence of highly coercive labor controls, chiefly in the form of what we call techno-economic despotism (which applies algorithmic technology to a precariously employed workforce). Yet many workers also experience forms of labor control that rely not on coercion but on the generation of consent. We identify three such mechanisms of hegemonic labor control - normative, relational, and governmental – that Amazon uses to foster workers’ consent. The efficacy of Amazon's workplace regime stems largely from its ability to deploy a multiplicity of labor controls that resonate with different groups holding distinct positions in the labor process. Given shifts in the social and economic conditions that bear on the company's regime, cracks have begun to appear in Amazon's armor, potentially reducing the traction its labor control mechanisms have gained with segments of its employees.","PeriodicalId":47716,"journal":{"name":"Work and Occupations","volume":"49 1","pages":"421 - 456"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49466576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
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