Planning Theory & Practice最新文献

{"title":"Pinning down Urban Acupuncture: From a Planning Practice to a Sustainable Urban Transformation Model?","authors":"Jessica M. Hemingway, Alejandro de Castro Mazarro","doi":"10.1080/14649357.2022.2037383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2022.2037383","url":null,"abstract":"Urban acupuncture can be used as metaphor or heuristic. The phrase derives from traditional Chinese medicine, and refers to planning actions stimulating “the city’s nervous system with tiny interventions that can have a catalytic effect on the organism as a whole” (McGuirk, 2014, 26). The popularization of urban acupuncture is largely due to discussions in international news media, online blogs, and grey research literature concerning cost-effective bottom-up initiatives associated with physical and social urban revitalization interventions (Beardsley, 2008; Kaye, 2011; P erez L opez, 2017). While acknowledging certain benefits associated with urban acupuncture, more research is needed to identify the institutional conditions and allied frameworks which are useful to supporting urban acupuncture usage. Also, research is needed as to the roles played by various actors, such as government, business, and civil society in implementing urban acupuncture approaches. To do this, the application of urban acupuncture should be improved specifically through: intentional application, documentation in peer-reviewed journals, precise usage and characterisation, and finally implementation of research studies which can effect long-term change. The most common names associated with urban acupuncture are architect and urbanist Manuel de Sol a-Morales (1939–2012), Mayor of Curitiba, Brasil from 1971 to 1992, Jamie Lerner (1937–2021) and Finnish architect, Marco Casagrande. De Sol a-Morales is said to have been the first to use urban acupuncture as a form of urban planning (Casagrande, 2013). According to De Sol a-Morales urban acupuncture consists of, “small interventions, which create a ripple, not comprehensive development [and include] embellishments like the sinuous canal side bench ... .”. De Sol a-Morales has emphasized the importance of always intervening with “concrete” matters while effecting change that goes beyond the physical interventions being implemented (de Sol a-Morales, 2008). He is well known for his association with interventions made in Europe and specifically Barcelona, Spain. Similarly to De Sola Morales, Lerner emphasized change beyond interventions. According to Lerner “[urban acupuncture] revitalizes a ‘sick’ or ‘worn out’ area and its surroundings through a simple touch of a key point. Just as in the medical approach, this intervention will trigger positive chain-reactions, helping to cure and enhance the whole system” (Lerner, 2014). According to Lerner, “no matter how good [planning] may be, a plan by itself cannot bring about","PeriodicalId":47693,"journal":{"name":"Planning Theory & Practice","volume":"23 1","pages":"305 - 309"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42636535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Planning and knowledge – How new forms of technocracy are shaping contemporary cities","authors":"H. Mattila, Lukas Behrend","doi":"10.1080/14649357.2021.2020032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2021.2020032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47693,"journal":{"name":"Planning Theory & Practice","volume":"23 1","pages":"315 - 317"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44760914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disability Justice and Urban Planning","authors":"Lisa Stafford, Leonor Vanik, Lisa K. Bates","doi":"10.1080/14649357.2022.2035545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2022.2035545","url":null,"abstract":"How did we get here? Kneeling close to the floor, gently and (care)fully placing my daughter ’ s body onto a beach towel we brought with us … again, because we have learned, through repeat exposure to unimaginatively produced, broken, and ableist design and infrastructure, to expect to have to change her on the dirty floor of a public bathroom EVERY time we venture out into the city. Leaving the house with our disabled child has become a mind-bending logistical puzzle, and venturing out into the world, an act of resistance. We resist the temptation to simply disappear, to avoid the rows of staring eyes. We resist the temptation to simply give in to the exhaustion of resisting – and the unseen labour of trying to re-imagine, re-work, make work public infrastructure(s) designed and installed without having “ us ” in mind. Who is “ us ” ? We are just one family, one group of bodies of the many bodies out there disabled by “ them, ” the makers of this place. One assemblage of bodies, materials, and resources that does not fit the mold of the so-called neo-liberal “ able ” body – a body that can pee standing up or sitting down, a body that can leak with limited concern for where and when this happens, a body that can move freely in the spaces designed for it. And so, here we are again, alone in this place, the floor of a broken public restroom, pouring our love, our energy, and care into our child ’ s life, to make, for her and for us, a day that we will recall later as being one of our greatest adventures. association into the to be trouble receiving ADA have the the form I to fit an archaic not into neurotypical normalcy.","PeriodicalId":47693,"journal":{"name":"Planning Theory & Practice","volume":"23 1","pages":"101 - 142"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44908428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"News from Somewhere?","authors":"K. McClymont","doi":"10.1080/14649357.2022.2035541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2022.2035541","url":null,"abstract":"Mid December. It is mild and wet in Bristol, UK and has been for a while. I say this as I have noticed that collectively noting differences in the weather has been part of many virtual meetings in the last couple of years. Small talk maybe, but acknowledging the differences in contexts, even those just a few miles apart, is important. It shapes our understanding of issues and environments, and moreover, what is possible or desirable. Do you already live in a “20-minute neighbourhood” (Town and Country Planning Association, 2021), or does the suggestion seem improbable or even unpleasant? The boundaries of the possible look different depending on where you are standing (or sitting) right now. The value of contextual understanding in planning is not new (Healey, 2017) but something of increased importance in times dubbed “post-truth”, wherein “echo chambers” can exclude an acceptance of perspectives beyond those of likeminded individuals (Nguyen, 2019). More than just in an overtly political or social sense, however, our surroundings and experiences matter. The use of specific, individual stories of experience in teaching practitioners is something that Forester (2021) has noted in a recent editorial, and the global range of images from 4–9 June 2020 displayed in the Interface “The Places We Live” (Porter, 2020) visually presents this more powerfully than can be put into words. Such work does a lot to promote deeper understandings and the importance of place distinctiveness in countervailence to universalising forces or dominant (mis)understandings The importance of this has resonated with two different experiences I have had in recent weeks. The first was while teaching with first year undergraduate planning students. In a co-taught introductory module, our aim is to get them to think more about the groups, communities and places that planners work with. One activity for this is to follow a guided walk around an inner-city Bristol neighbourhood which comprises high ethnic diversity, social housing, main roads, small Victorian terraces, and areas of recent and rapid gentrification. The aim is not so much for them to get acquainted with this area as to see how and if their perspectives diverge from those of their classmates, and what this can reveal about their understandings of place. They are sent out in small groups, then we discuss their reflections in the session in the following week. Two particular responses stand out from this year’s cohort. One student, not originally from Bristol, said that he found the area out of his usual reckoning because, despite there being many open retail units, there was nothing he’d have described as “a normal shop”. He said that he realised he meant a newsagent (he was wanting to buy a bar of chocolate), and that, through reflection, his definition of this as ‘normal’ said more about his own experience and expectations than the “abnormality” of the area. However, his honesty in retelling this anecdote is reveali","PeriodicalId":47693,"journal":{"name":"Planning Theory & Practice","volume":"23 1","pages":"3 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49656100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Governmental Logics in Commercialised Planning Practices. The Case of Local Authority Pre-Application Negotiations in the English Planning System","authors":"G. Parker, M. Dobson, T. Lynn","doi":"10.1080/14649357.2021.2011388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2021.2011388","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The paper provides an empirical review of a widely used tool in the English planning system – pre-application discussions (‘pre-apps’) and a theoretical exposition of governmental ‘logics’ that underpin neoliberal-informed planning reforms. We present five logic frames of growth, efficiency, commercialisation, participation and quality, and apply these to pre-application negotiation practice, to highlight how Local Planning Authorities (LPAs) are faced with the challenge of reconciling a complex of multiple and often competing aims that appear irreconcilable in practice. We highlight that whilst ‘ordinary’ planning tools such as pre-apps may appear mundane, they can provide valuable instantiations where logics collide.","PeriodicalId":47693,"journal":{"name":"Planning Theory & Practice","volume":"23 1","pages":"60 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48460057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time, Temporality, and Planning – Comments on the State of Art in Strategic Spatial Planning Research","authors":"G. Hutter, Thorsten Wiechmann","doi":"10.1080/14649357.2021.2008172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2021.2008172","url":null,"abstract":"Since past and present inevitably form the basis for the future distribution of activities in space, the time dimension is as essential for spatial planning as it is for any other type of planning. This also applies to strategic spatial planning, which is commonly understood as “transformative governance work” (Healey, 2009, p. 440, with reference to Albrechts 2004). Both time and temporality are important to understand and theorize with regards to the practice of strategic spatial planning (Sandberg & Tsoukas, 2011, p. 341). The former may be obvious; just think of time as a dimension to schedule a planning meeting. The latter is less obvious, because temporality concerns deliberation about issues of sequencing, tempo, and timing of planning activities (to name only a few). For instance, sequencing of informal planning communication and formal (statutory) planning procedures matters. Before formal procedures, practitioners may search for creative solutions to the pressing problems of strategic planning in cities and regions. After formal plans have been approved, they may be more concerned in ensuring the diffusion of and compliance with planning statements amongst target audiences (Mastop & Faludi, 1997). It would seem self-evident that planning theorists would devote as much attention to time and temporality as to the spatial dimensions of planning. However, this is not the case (Das, 1991). So far, there are only a few contributions to planning theory that take up ongoing debates in other scientific disciplines and that make suggestions about how to rethink planning’s relationship to time and temporality (Hutter et al., 2014; Laurian & Inch, 2019). Surprisingly little has changed since Ewing declared nearly half a century ago: “The utterly essential dimension of planning is time. . . . Yet time is the one dimension of planning that never gets discussed. It is treated as if it were a constant that everyone understands” (Ewing, 1972, p. 439). Fine-grained process analyses with complex descriptions of temporality using categories such as duration, tempo, sequence, and timing, as well as in-depth analyses of change processes based on these categories, are not common in planning research. This is to some extent understandable for, at least, two reasons. On the one hand, researchers and practitioners alike framed planning for a long time as an engineering task‚ ‘trapped’ into a modernist instrumental rationalism (Wiechmann, 2008, p. 10), which left little room for complex time considerations beyond the straightforward clock-time view of temporal variation (linear time, objective","PeriodicalId":47693,"journal":{"name":"Planning Theory & Practice","volume":"23 1","pages":"157 - 164"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48189291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disruptive Localism – How Far Does Clientelism Shape the Prospects of Neighbourhood Planning in Deprived Urban Communities?","authors":"John Sturzaker, O. Sykes, Bertie Dockerill","doi":"10.1080/14649357.2021.2003425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2021.2003425","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper reports on a study of Neighbourhood Planning in more deprived urban areas of the North West region of England, revealing that the stance of elected representatives is important in shaping the processes and outcomes of this new more citizen-led form of planning. The paper considers how far barriers to Neighbourhood Planning, and the variable support offered by local planning authorities to deprived urban communities, might be accounted for by practices of clientelism. It concludes that clientelism provides a useful lens through which to interpret attitudes towards Neighbourhood Planning as a disruptor of established patterns of influence and powerholding.","PeriodicalId":47693,"journal":{"name":"Planning Theory & Practice","volume":"23 1","pages":"43 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42743527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Future of Urban Cemeteries as Public Spaces: Insights from Oslo and Copenhagen","authors":"Pavel Grabalov, H. Nordh","doi":"10.1080/14649357.2021.1993973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2021.1993973","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Public spaces are believed to make cities more liveable, healthy and socially equal. To date, discussions about public spaces have primarily revolved around emblematic types, such as squares and parks, while little attention has been paid to cemeteries. Drawing on a review of public space scholarship and cemetery research, an analysis of strategies for cemetery development in two Scandinavian capitals, Oslo and Copenhagen, and interviews with stakeholders, this paper elaborates on the cemetery as a special type of public space. Our findings demonstrate the potential of cemeteries’ contribution to the urban environment as multifunctional public spaces – the trajectory envisioned by the two municipalities.","PeriodicalId":47693,"journal":{"name":"Planning Theory & Practice","volume":"23 1","pages":"81 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44306791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnographic Knowledge in Urban Planning – Bridging the Gap between the Theories of Knowledge-Based and Communicative Planning","authors":"H. Mattila, P. Olsson, Tiina-Riitta Lappi, K. Ojanen","doi":"10.1080/14649357.2021.1993316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2021.1993316","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT ‘Knowledge-based’ approaches have recently made a breakthrough in urban planning. How to develop balance in knowledge-based planning between abstract and scientific knowledge, on the one hand, and ‘local knowledge’ on the other hand has been long debated. To this debate, we add a form of knowledge with potential for sustainable urban planning, i.e. ethnographic knowledge that could transmit an understanding of urban dwellers’ daily practices and values to planning organisations. Theoretical literature is the foundation of our argument, which we illustrate with a case study involving urban planners and decision-makers in the Helsinki region of Finland.","PeriodicalId":47693,"journal":{"name":"Planning Theory & Practice","volume":"23 1","pages":"11 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43709662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Communities, Heritage and Planning: Towards a Co-Evolutionary Heritage Approach","authors":"Karim van Knippenberg, B. Boonstra, L. Boelens","doi":"10.1080/14649357.2021.1998584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2021.1998584","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Community engagement is becoming a key part of heritage management processes. Community-heritage engagement, however, also means that heritage management processes become more dynamic and versatile, as participation and community engagement is often complex, multifaceted, open-ended and unpredictable. This paper introduces a third, more radical perspective on community-heritage engagement, which we coin ‘a co-evolutionary heritage approach’. We argue that a co-evolutionary heritage approach is alive to the adaptability, flexibility and complexity that comes with the diversity of heritage valuation by communities.","PeriodicalId":47693,"journal":{"name":"Planning Theory & Practice","volume":"23 1","pages":"26 - 42"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48244352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}