Journal of Experimental Criminology最新文献

{"title":"Analyzing the impacts of race, addiction, drug type, and criminal record on public support for criminalized and medicalized sentencing approaches toward illegal drug use","authors":"Carolina R. Caliman, Colleen M. Berryessa","doi":"10.1007/s11292-024-09657-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-024-09657-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>This study examines how a defendant’s addiction, prior criminal record, race, and drug type impact public support for criminalized and medicalized sentencing approaches to illegal drug use, as well as how such support may be moderated by participants’ levels of essentialist thinking.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>This study is a fully-crossed, randomized experiment with a lay public sample (<i>N</i> = 1208).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Public support for medicalized approaches to sentencing was significantly higher for oxycodone and heroin. Support for criminalized approaches was significantly higher for crack and cocaine, and when the defendant was Hispanic, Black, or had a violent criminal record. Essentialist thinking generally predicted increased support for criminalized approaches, but increased support for medicalized approaches when addiction was known.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>This research highlights the role of different factors in shaping public support for drug sentencing approaches, as well as suggests that public attitudes about drugs are deeply intertwined with societal narratives about race, addiction, and criminality.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142936690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the impact of safety interventions on open drug markets in a small Swedish municipality using synthetic control methods","authors":"Vania Ceccato, Marco Antonio Jorge, Gabriel Gliori","doi":"10.1007/s11292-024-09652-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-024-09652-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>We analyze the impact of the “Stoppa droghandeln” (“Stop the drug trade”) program, a set of safety interventions aimed at reducing crime, particularly drug-related crimes, in a small Swedish municipality (Österåker) from 2018 to 2023.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We use a count-based synthetic control approach to compare police crime data before and after beginning the safety interventions (“Stop the drug trade”). This quasi-experimental design was used to infer the causal effects of “Stop the drug trade” on crime, using an evaluation framework including several robustness tests with different crime types. Cluster detection analysis was also used to monitor potential changes in the geography of open drug markets.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>In 2023, Österåker performed better than 82% of all Swedish municipalities for drug-related offenses. Estimates indicate that 3221 crimes were prevented in Österåker, including 589 less drug-related offenses. However, the non-significant <i>p</i>-values suggest that Österåker’s crime reduction did not outperform most other municipalities. While this could be due to other municipalities implementing their own interventions, the magnitude and consistency of the treatment effects across crime types in Österåker make it unlikely that these results occurred by chance. In terms of geography, clusters of drug-related offenses were stable, and after the interventions, they became more concentrated in particular places.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>This study’s findings underscore the potential impact of a blend of social and situational crime prevention interventions to reduce drug-related offenses and other crimes in a small municipality. The Österåker case demonstrates that strategies should target specific types of crime and monitor possible shifts in crime concentration across different parts of the study area over time. The synthetic control method helped isolate the impact of safety interventions on drug-related crime, demonstrating its value as a tool for policy evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142902018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A commentary on Duan et al.: RNR’s luster remains","authors":"James Bonta, Paul Gendreau","doi":"10.1007/s11292-024-09654-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-024-09654-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives </h3><p>Duan et al. (2024) published a meta-analysis in this journal claiming that the risk-need-responsivity principles are not “golden”.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We challenge their conclusion by pointing out some major errors in their literature search and classification of studies.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results </h3><p>Central to our argument is that Duan and his colleagues incorrectly identified a significant number of RNR studies as non-RNR. Consequently, their results led to an incorrect conclusion.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Our re-analysis of their data finds that the RNR principles remain highly relevant to the rehabilitation field.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142873885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Police recruitment through an intergroup communication lens: a randomized experiment","authors":"Shawn L. Hill, Laure Brimbal, Edward R. Maguire, Eve Stephens","doi":"10.1007/s11292-024-09659-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-024-09659-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>Many police agencies now find it difficult to recruit and retain officers. To learn more about these issues, we used a factorial survey experiment to test whether recruitment materials inspired by the intergroup communication literature are more effective than standard police recruitment materials.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We showed vignettes to a sample of 378 communication students. Within the vignettes, we varied how a policewoman described her career and her life. We then measured the extent to which the treatment conditions influenced participants’ general attitudes toward police and specific attitudes toward working in policing.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The treatment did not have significant effects on the two general attitudinal outcomes, but did have significant effects on respondents’ interest in working in policing.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Incorporating principles from the study of intergroup communication can help police agencies attract a larger and more potentially diverse pool of candidates.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"142 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term effects of medication-assisted treatment in opioid using offenders in German prisoners—treatment outcomes in prison and after release","authors":"Mark Stemmler, Kerstin Geißelsöder, Maren Weiss, Mavi Hornegger, Johann Endres","doi":"10.1007/s11292-024-09653-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-024-09653-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>The aim of this study was to examine the long-term effects of medication-assisted treatment after release from prison. We compared prisoners receiving medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) to prisoners receiving no MOUD, on a number of outcome variables. Self-reported drug use was confirmed with laboratory tests.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A sample of 247 prisoners in German prisons completed the European Addiction Severity Index shortly before release. Subjects were contacted again at 1, 3–6, and 12 months after release for telephone interviews.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Compared to no-MOUD subjects, MOUD subjects reported fewer illegal opioids and significantly fewer non-prescribed substitution medications. MOUD participants showed high treatment continuity through 12 months. Benefits of MOUD peaked at 3–6 months; effects were reduced at 12 months. Convergent validity of the self-report measure of drug use with laboratory drug screenings was satisfactorily high (~ 71% convergence).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>For long-term sustainability of MOUD effects, additional psychosocial interventions are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142796873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Titanium Law of Evaluation: Increasing the impact and replicability of safety and justice interventions through deliberate implementation and adaptation","authors":"Nancy La Vigne","doi":"10.1007/s11292-024-09650-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-024-09650-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objective</h3><p>This paper introduces the Titanium Law of Evaluation, emphasizing the importance of implementation fidelity and local contextual adaptation in program evaluations within criminology.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Method</h3><p>Through an examination of the past and current conversations in criminology around the role of randomized controlled trials, the paper highlights the critical but often overlooked aspect of deliberate implementation, as defined by adherence to fidelity and adaptation to local context, in understanding program effectiveness.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Result</h3><p>The case studies of the Honest Opportunity Probation with Enforcement (HOPE) and the Center for Employment Opportunities (CEO) illustrate the importance of measuring implementation fidelity, making mid-course corrections, and adapting programs to local contexts to foster desired outcomes.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>The Titanium Law advocates for a nuanced understanding of implementation processes, promoting collaborative evaluations that consider both fidelity and local context—both key components of implementation science. Recommendations include integrating these principles into criminology curricula and fostering partnerships between researchers and practitioners to improve evaluation outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"199 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142776636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is restorative justice appropriate for sexual assault and domestic violence? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the “empirical vacuum”","authors":"Heather Hensman Kettrey, Noah Samuel Reynolds","doi":"10.1007/s11292-024-09651-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-024-09651-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>Restorative justice (RJ) is a victim-centered approach to addressing injustice, providing those harmed with empowerment and restitution. Yet, the application of RJ to sexual assault (SA) or domestic violence (DV) cases is rare and contentious.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Method</h3><p>In a broad systematic review yielding 12,461 candidate reports, we identified four eligible studies relayed through five reports (<i>N</i> = 692 participants).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Findings from a meta-analysis of 12 effects reported across four studies indicated a small but significant and favorable effect on offender recidivism (<i>g</i> = 0.26, 95% CI [0.09, 0.43]), which became non-significant when limiting the sample to randomized control trials. Although RJ is designed to be victim-centered, no eligible studies reported quantitative victim well-being outcomes.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Results identified potentially favorable effects of RJ in SA/DV cases; thus, implementation appears to be acceptable. However, before widespread rollout is recommended, more research is needed, especially as RJ affects victims of SA/DV.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"261 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142763419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Researchers’ interpretations of evidence about the association between violent attitudes and offending from different research designs","authors":"Kevin L. Nunes, Cassidy E. Hatton, Anna T. Pham","doi":"10.1007/s11292-024-09649-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-024-09649-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>We examined the inferences authors of articles published in violence journals draw from studies about the relationship between attitudes and violent offending.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Participants (<i>N</i> = 120, 58.3% women) were randomly assigned to one of 12 hypothetical studies, which varied on research design and whether the results were intuitive or counterintuitive.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Participants rarely incorrectly stated that the study demonstrated causation or prediction when not warranted by the research design. However, some participants failed to acknowledge plausible alternate interpretations (e.g., third variable) and selected causal implications that were not warranted by the study’s research design. This was often more so the case when the studies’ results were intuitive than when they were counterintuitive.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Though we did find some evidence of overstepping, our findings suggest that researchers may not overstep the evidence as much as suggested by previous studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eyes on phishing emails: an eye-tracking study","authors":"Liliana Ribeiro, Inês Sousa Guedes, Carla Sofia Cardoso","doi":"10.1007/s11292-024-09648-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-024-09648-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objective</h3><p>This study aims to explore susceptibility to phishing emails by analysing the visual patterns of individuals.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Method</h3><p>A quasi-experimental study was developed, using 28 emails (13 phishing; 13 legitimate; 2 control) which were subdivided into two groups (G1; G2) and presented to the participants who looked at a set of 15 emails. The sample consisted of 70 participants.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Phishing emails showed significantly higher average fixation times and total fixations in the sender’s area compared to legitimate emails. However, no significant correlations were found between fixation time, total number of fixations in various areas of the email, and the accuracy of email identification (both general and phishing).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>This pioneering study within the Portuguese context lays the foundation for future research on analysing and accurately detecting different types of emails, including differentiating between them<i>. </i>It also supports the development of targeted training to improve the recognition of various emails cues<i>.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142599295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher expectations: a systematic review of reporting the science of propensity score modeling in criminal justice studies","authors":"Christopher M. Campbell, Ryan M. Labrecque, Alicia d. McKay","doi":"10.1007/s11292-024-09646-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-024-09646-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>This systematic review examined the reporting practices of propensity score modeling (PSM) in criminology and criminal justice studies.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>There were 229 articles (with 527 individual sets of PSM analyses) published between 2000 and 2022 in the top 19 ranked criminology and criminal justice journals that were identified for study inclusion. These articles were systematically coded to assess the presence of key PSM reporting elements, including covariates, estimation methods, balancing strategy, matching type, sample size, balance assessment, sensitivity analysis, and post-PSM analyses.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The use of PSM has increased dramatically over the last two decades. Study findings suggest that while there are many areas where the discipline has improved reporting over the last 22 years, there are still others that are sorely lacking. Our review reveals that only 28.9% of studies reported the propensity score technique used, 21.8% did not report pre- or post-PSM sample information, and 26.6% of all studies examined either did not report a balance assessment or reported using only one assessment which were largely null hypothesis significance testing.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Our findings provide a baseline assessment of PSM reporting and provide some guidance for conducting, reviewing, and publishing PSM research in criminology and criminal justice journals.</p>","PeriodicalId":47684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Criminology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142598024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}