Gesundheitswesen最新文献

{"title":"[Contact-restricting measures in care facilities in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and their impact on residents - a plea].","authors":"Ursel Heudorf, Kristin Stalla","doi":"10.1055/a-2476-9220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2476-9220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During the COVID-19 pandemic, residents of care homes for the elderly were at a particularly high risk of contracting the virus and dying from it. Strict protective measures were therefore taken, including bans on visits. However, the negative effects of these contact-restricting measures on the mental and physical health, quality of life, right to self-determination and ultimately the dignity of the residents soon became apparent and the question was raised as to whether isolation (confinement disease) was even more harmful to health than the disease itself. Statements on infection control measures in care facilities, studies with the views of those affected (residents, relatives, employees in care facilities) and interviews with residents of care facilities as well as reviews on adverse effects of the protective measures were researched. The search included both so-called \"gray literature\" and publications from PubMed. The residents suffered greatly from isolation and from the fact that decisions were made about them without consulting them. They complained about the loss of their autonomy and felt that their dignity was violated. The reviews showed that the residents generally experienced loneliness, anxiety, sadness and depression more frequently, and in some cases also physical deterioration. In future, care must be taken to achieve a good balance from a legal and health perspective between protection against infection and protection of the mental and physical health, well-being and quality of life of residents, respect for autonomy, the right to self-determination and the dignity of residents. This requires a broad social discussion in which not only experts from the fields of infectiology but also from the fields of geriatrics, nursing, public health, ethics and law, but in particular also those affected themselves or their representatives, their relatives, are heard and their arguments taken into account.</p>","PeriodicalId":47653,"journal":{"name":"Gesundheitswesen","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143524992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prävention von Kinderübergewicht in Kommunen – partizipative Entwicklung von kommunalen Strategien zur Steigerung der Handlungsbereitschaft.","authors":"Maike Schröder, Holger Hassel, Birgit Babitsch","doi":"10.1055/a-2547-2719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2547-2719","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47653,"journal":{"name":"Gesundheitswesen","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143517025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generalisierbarkeit von Phase III Klinischen Studien am Beispiel Zweier Bundesweiter Multiple Sklerose Register.","authors":"Kris Oliver Jalusic, David Ellenberger, Alexander Stahmann, Klaus Berger","doi":"10.1055/a-2540-1749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2540-1749","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47653,"journal":{"name":"Gesundheitswesen","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[In times of crisis, utilization of medical services by mothers decreases - Are single mothers affected more?]","authors":"Michael Erhart, Doreen Müller, Julie Lorraine O'Sullivan","doi":"10.1055/a-2508-1329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2508-1329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accessing medical services requires resources, which can be particularly scarce for single parents. During times of crisis and the associated daily challenges, the threshold for seeking out medical care increases further. This study is based on data on 6,155 mothers from the Socioeconomic panel (SOEP) survey waves of 2019 and 2021. The COVID-19 pandemic is used here as an example of a crisis. The results suggest that single parents have an overall higher need for medical care, reflected by poorer health and more medical diagnoses. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a decline in the utilization of healthcare services was observed, especially among single mothers. It is important to create support opportunities for (single) mothers to improve and maintain their health during times of crisis.</p>","PeriodicalId":47653,"journal":{"name":"Gesundheitswesen","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143411258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Determinants of the utilization of general health check-up among older adults in Saxony-Anhalt: What is the influence of access to health services?]","authors":"Denise Kubat, Jelena Epping, Christoph Stallmann, Stefanie March, Enno Swart","doi":"10.1055/a-2446-6583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2446-6583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to the nature of demographic developmens, there is an increasing need for prevention measures in healthcare. In Germany, people with statutory health insurance have a legal right to general health check-ups for early detection of diseases that are significant in terms of population medicine. However, the older population has thus far made inadequate use of these services, resulting in significant losses of prevention potential. This paper examines the impact of objective and subjectively perceived access to health services on the use of general health check-up among citizens aged 55 years and older in the state of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.The study uses data from a written cross-sectional survey of residents from four major and minor cities in Saxony-Anhalt. Bivariate logistic regression models were used for the statistical analysis of data to evaluate the relation between access parameters to health services and utilization.In all, 953 questionnaires were included in the analyses; 59.7% of the respondents used the general health check-up in the recommended time interval. In the multivariate analyses, the study showed that neither subjective satisfaction with access nor self-reported travel times to family doctors were significant factors affecting the utilization. On the other hand, being a member of statutory health insurance funds and the use of a private car increased the likelihood of utilization. Other determinants that had an influence on the use of general health checks were net household income and need for long-term care.The results of this study indicate potential for increasing utilization of general health check-up among older people. However, increased use of free health check-ups by this section of the population cannot be achieved primarily by improving accessibility, but must be addressed by other factors, such as attitudes towards health checks, which requires further analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":47653,"journal":{"name":"Gesundheitswesen","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143371306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Mothers with migration background have significantly less knowledge of ante- and postnatal support services than mothers without migration background: cross-sectional survey in two maternity hospitals].","authors":"Benedikt Selbertinger, David Rothfuß, Maria Hatzipanagiotou, Angela Köninger, Christian Apfelbacher, Michael Kabesch, Susanne Brandstetter","doi":"10.1055/a-2486-6430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2486-6430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to describe and analyse knowledge of women in childbed with and without a migration background about ante- and postnatal support services.Questionnaires were provided in 26 languages. In a cross-sectional survey, 641 women answered questions about their knowledge of 11 different regional support services, and information sources for these and other support service providers. Median split was used to derive mothers with good and poor knowledge.German was not the mother tongue of 30% of the participants (n=194) and were therefore defined as \"mothers with migration background\". Of these, 83% (n=161) were aware of services offered by midwives and<40% knew of other support services. Women with migration background were significantly less likely to know the support services (OR 0.16, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.23), even after controlling for other sociodemographic variables. Furthermore, they obtained significantly less frequently information about relevant services from gynaecologists, midwives, relatives/acquaintances or by themselves.Especially for mothers with migration background, knowledge about ante- and postnatal support services must be made more accessible. In this, midwives could play a decisive role.</p>","PeriodicalId":47653,"journal":{"name":"Gesundheitswesen","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Professional Health Literacy of General Practitioners - Results of the HLS-PROF].","authors":"Doris Schaeffer, Lennert Griese, Alexander Haarmann","doi":"10.1055/a-2350-6377","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2350-6377","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To date, there are only a few studies analyzing health professionals' health literacy (HL). Mostly, the focus has been on personal rather than professional HL. To bridge this gap, a new concept and an associated survey instrument have been developed in a three-country consortium. The aim of this article was to examine the professional HL of general practitioners (GPs) in Germany.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The survey instrument used consists of 34 items and assesses subjective difficulties in four dimensions to be addressed in promoting patients' HL: \"information and knowledge management\", \"conveying information and knowledge\", \"patient-centred communication\", \"professional digital HL\". A total of 297 GPs and internists working in general practice were surveyed online over the summer of 2022. The professional HL (score from 0 to 100) was analyzed descriptively and examined in relation to gender, selected job-related, and organizational characteristics, using multiple linear regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Depending on the four areas, GPs achieved approximately half to almost three-quarters of the highest possible score. The dimension \"patient-centred communication\" was perceived as the easiest, followed by \"information and knowledge management\", and \"conveying information and knowledge\". The most challenging dimension was \"professional digital HL\". According to the multivariate analysis, professional HL shows a relation to gender, organizational framework and training conditions, job duration, and coping with the diversity of digital information. The strength of correlation varies by area and is rather weak in some instances.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results demonstrate the importance of promoting professional HL of GPs and provide numerous indications of where to start. They also indicate that the regression models should be extended by additional determinants, since the included variables can explain only a small amount of variance.</p>","PeriodicalId":47653,"journal":{"name":"Gesundheitswesen","volume":" ","pages":"109-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11849789/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142082142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Community-based Disease Prevention and Health Promotion: Promoting Digital Health Literacy among People in Precarious Living Conditions].","authors":"Kamil J Wrona, Kolja Heckes, Leona Aschentrup, Florian Fischer","doi":"10.1055/a-2283-4440","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2283-4440","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rapidly advancing digital transformation is opening up innovative opportunities for disease prevention and health promotion, particularly through sociotechnical innovations. Digitally-enabled interventions serve as augmentative tools for disseminating health-related information and promoting individual empowerment and self-efficacy. Despite their potential, digital media in community-based disease prevention and health promotion face challenges, such as the need for low-threshold design and consideration of technological acceptance factors. People in precarious life situations, who often face limited access and lower literacy towards digital technologies, could benefit from targeted measures geared to their specific needs. At the same time, it is important to highlight the risks of insufficient digital health literacy, which can have a negative impact on health. Promoting digital health literacy therefore appears to be an essential tool for improving the health situation of people in precarious living circumstances. This article argues for evidence-based and targeted further development of digital interventions for health promotion that are tailored to the needs of people in precarious living conditions and emphasizes the central role of digital health literacy in this process. In this contribution, the area of early childhood intervention is considered for exemplification.</p>","PeriodicalId":47653,"journal":{"name":"Gesundheitswesen","volume":" ","pages":"131-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11849785/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140060855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The Struggle for Human Resources in the Reforming Public Health Service].","authors":"Ulrike Junius-Walker, Fabian Feil","doi":"10.1055/a-2449-3214","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2449-3214","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47653,"journal":{"name":"Gesundheitswesen","volume":"87 2","pages":"93-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11849788/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Economic Relevance of Preventable Prohibitions of Employment in Bavarian Schools].","authors":"Anna Wolfschmidt-Fietkau, Uta Ochmann, Julia Hiller, Dennis Nowak, Oliver Schöffski, Hans Drexler","doi":"10.1055/a-2251-5727","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2251-5727","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>According to the Maternity Protection Act, an occupational risk of infection (e. g. in childcare) - combined with individual immunity gaps - can result in an irresponsible risk for pregnant women in the workplace. If this risk cannot be eliminated by any other means, the employer must impose a prohibition of employment (PE) for the pregnant woman concerned. We classified PE as preventable if the underlying immunity gaps could have been closed by immunisation prior to pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From 01.09.2016 to 25.03.2020, 1922 pregnant employees of Bavarian state schools obtained medical counselling on their occupational risk of infection as part of a research project. If the individual combination of occupational-risk profile and immunity status resulted in an irresponsible risk for the pregnancy, a PE was recommended by the attending physician. We determined the proportion of PE that would have theoretically been preventable by full immunisation prior to pregnancy and approximated the resulting - theoretically preventable - loss of working hours and personnel costs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 425 cases (22%), a PE was deemed necessary by the attending physician, whereby 193 (45%) were retrospectively classified as theoretically preventable. Of these cases, 53 PE (27%) were temporary (valid until the 20th week of pregnancy) and 140 were long-term (valid for the complete duration of the pregnancy). Based on these results, we approximated a loss of 2,746 working weeks for our collective, which entails theoretically preventable personnel costs totalling 5,763,305 € for the observation period of our study (3.6 years). We then extrapolated estimates for all employees of Bavarian state schools and found a loss of 4,260 working weeks and theoretically preventable personnel costs amounting to almost 8,941,000 € per year during our observation period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Theoretically preventable PE caused by immunity gaps can entail a considerable loss of working hours and high personnel costs. Therefore, we should step up measures aimed at improving vaccination rates in women and increasing their willingness to be vaccinated. In view of the changes in legal and regulatory conditions in Germany since 2020, new investigations should be made as soon as there is sufficient data after the general employment prohibitions due to the SARS-CoV-2-pandemic have been lifted.</p>","PeriodicalId":47653,"journal":{"name":"Gesundheitswesen","volume":" ","pages":"103-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11849782/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140102651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}