Materialia最新文献

{"title":"Combinatorial investigation of microstructural evolution and multifunctional properties in Cu/Ti nanolaminates","authors":"Rohit Berlia ,&nbsp;Marshall Civin ,&nbsp;Yucheng Sun ,&nbsp;Rayna T. Mehta ,&nbsp;Timothy P. Weihs","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metallic nanolaminates possess exceptionally high specific strength and thermal/radiation stability, governed by the presence of interfaces, that are attractive for microelectronics, protective coatings, and aerospace/energy components. Understanding their temperature-dependent, structure–property evolution is therefore essential. Here, we couple high-throughput combinatorial synthesis with rapid property screening to map structure–property relationships in Cu/Ti nanolaminate foils. Free-standing ∼200 µm thick nanolaminates with systematically varied Ti contents (0.8–6.5 at %) were fabricated by magnetron sputtering and subjected to differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), nanoindentation, and four-point probe resistivity measurements. DSC revealed exothermic events arising from interfacial reactions resulting in the sequential formation of metastable and stable Cu₄Ti intermetallic phases. All Cu/Ti nanolaminates exhibit composition- and temperature-dependent property evolution. Hardness increases upon heating to ∼350 °C, then decreases at higher temperatures due to grain coarsening and the loss of the layered architecture. Similarly, electrical conductivity also exhibits a strong temperature- and composition-dependence, reflecting the evolution of scattering sites at interfaces. It initially decreases with increasing temperature due to the scattering from a less conductive intermetallic phase, then rises at higher temperatures as layers break down and scattering decreases. Together, these results establish direct links between interfacial reactions, microstructural evolution, and multifunctional property changes. The high-throughput combinatorial approach demonstrates an efficient pathway to map phase–property relationships in metallic nanolaminates and provides design insights for tailoring mechanical and functional performance in Cu/Ti based nanolaminate system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102690"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147420708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GCSA-CDDPM: A novel method for multi-source grain boundary conditional generation in selective laser melting","authors":"Anyong Lu ,&nbsp;Xiaoxun Zhang ,&nbsp;Fang Ma ,&nbsp;Shupeng Guo ,&nbsp;Yuangyou Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102662","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102662","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The generation of grain boundary images for metallic materials in additive manufacturing (AM) remains underdeveloped, largely hindered by challenges in multi-source data fusion, grain boundary discontinuity, and inadequate modelling of process–structure relationships. To address these issues, this study proposes a conditional diffusion model (GCSA-CDDPM) enhanced by a global channel–spatial attention mechanism, validated on SLM-processed 316 L stainless steel. The proposed approach comprises three core strategies: (1) designing a unified pipeline for processing heterogeneous grain boundary images, enabling the construction of a high-quality, multi-scale, cross-literature dataset; (2) Putting forward the GCSA module with the process parameter embedding structure to enhance the image structure modelling and generation modulation capability; and (3) introducing a hierarchical breakpoint repair strategy to enhance boundary continuity. Experimental results demonstrate that GCSA-CDDPM surpasses baseline models in structural fidelity, scale conformity, and parameter responsiveness. It achieves the best performance in FID (33.04), grain size error (7.07%), and matching accuracy (92.93%), while producing visually superior images in terms of boundary integrity, noise suppression, and pattern stability. In addition, our findings confirm the model’s ability to capture implicit mappings across process parameters, microstructural morphology, and grain size evolution. The framework enables high-fidelity grain boundary generation with explicit process-structure mapping, providing a digital tool for accelerating alloy design and quality control in SLM-based manufacturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102662"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defects in MBE grown type-II superlattice multilayers for infrared detectors","authors":"R. Goswami ,&nbsp;S.B. Qadri","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The density and distribution of defects play a crucial role in controlling the performance of the infrared detector. Here we employ high resolution x-ray diffraction topography and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy to investigate the defects structure of the molecular beam epitaxy grown multilayer films, consisting of a two-layer period of InGaSb/InAs, and then a four-layer period of AlGaInSb/InAs/GaInSb/InAs on GaSb (001) substrate. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy shows the epitaxial growth, with layer defects and dislocations in both types of superlattices. The multilayer spacings were measured using the superlattice peaks of the x-ray diffraction patterns, as the spacing between these satellite peaks is directly related to the superlattice period. The spacing turns out to be 7.2 nm and 10.4 nm for two and four periods, respectively, consistent with the transmission electron microscopy measurements. The strain between multilayers has been estimated by analyzing the symmetric and asymmetric reflections. The estimated strain is 0.04%, suggesting the superior growth of the superlattice layers. The dislocation density in the two-period and four-period layers, estimated from the HRTEM images, is ≈ 1.7×10¹⁶ m⁻², which is considerably high and consistent with the estimated dislocation density obtained from the XRD peak broadening. Such high density of defects, originated during the multilayer growth due to differential thermal mismatch between layers, can affect the film quality and increase the dark noise of the detector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102639"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145841448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimisation of TiH2–Nb alloy for bone implant using Box–Behnken design: Enhancing strength, elastic modulus and dehydrogenation behaviour through powder metallurgy","authors":"Anis Fatehah Sa’aidi ,&nbsp;Hussain Zuhailawati ,&nbsp;Ahmad Farrahnoor","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102640","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional Ti–6Al–4V implants pose challenges due to their high stiffness and potential toxicity, prompting the development of β-type titanium (Ti) alloys with non-toxic alloying elements like niobium (Nb). Titanium hydride (TiH₂) was selected as a precursor due to its improved sinterability, oxidation resistance, and affordability. The TiH₂–Nb alloy was produced through mechanical alloying and powder metallurgy, with optimisation using the Box-Behnken Design (BBD) method. Elemental TiH₂ (60 wt%) and Nb (40 wt%) powders were milled at various speeds (100 to 300 rpm), compacted at 500 MPa, and sintered under an argon atmosphere at temperatures between 800 °C and 1200 °C for 1 to 3 h. Response surface methodology (RSM) identified sintering temperature as the most influential factor on compressive strength and elastic modulus. Optimal conditions, milling at 200 rpm and sintering at 1200 °C for 3 h, yielded in a compressive strength of 1768 MPa and an elastic modulus of 8.7 GPa, closely matching human cortical bone properties. TiH₂–Nb alloy outperformed Ti–Nb alloy in terms of densification (98.56 % relative density), reduced porosity (1.44 %), and desirability score (0.9). Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis confirmed effective dehydrogenation at higher milling speeds due to enhanced Nb diffusion and defect density. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed formation of a dual-phase α+β Ti structure. Optimised TiH₂–Nb alloys offer a promising alternative to Ti–6Al–4V implants, with reduced stress shielding and improved mechanical compatibility for future orthopaedic implants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102640"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145841447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The decomposing crystallography of sandwich-like microstructure from deformed martensite in Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloy","authors":"Tong Wang ,&nbsp;Xinfu Gu ,&nbsp;Ping Yang ,&nbsp;Mengqi Yan ,&nbsp;Fuzhi Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102666","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crystal defects are critical in the microstructure control of titanium alloys, as they determine the precipitation characteristics of α phase. In this study, the decomposition of stress-induced martensite in Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al is investigated to understand the effect of martensite on α precipitation. The crystallography between α and β phases is analyzed using Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). During decomposition, the martensite is first transformed into α, and then to β_T, with a misorientation of 50°/&lt;110&gt; with matrix β_M. During further aging, α begins to precipitate at the β_M-β_T boundaries, and α phase exhibits two types of orientation relationships with β phase, i.e. Type I: one involving a double Burgers orientation relationship (BOR) and Type II: the other involving a single-sided BOR with β_T while the other side follows <span><math><mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>10</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mi>β</mi><mi>M</mi><mo>∼</mo><mrow><mo>(</mo><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>2</mn><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>3</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mi>α</mi><mspace></mspace><mrow><mo>[</mo><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>1</mn><mo>]</mo></mrow><mi>β</mi><mi>M</mi><mo>∼</mo><mrow><mo>[</mo><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>010</mn><mo>]</mo></mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow></math></span> with β_M. As for Type I, the selection of single α variant is due to the constraint of the β grains, <span><math><mrow><mrow><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>1</mn><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>1</mn></mrow><msub><mo>&gt;</mo><mrow><mi>β</mi><mi>T</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mrow><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>1</mn><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover></mrow><msub><mo>&gt;</mo><mrow><mi>β</mi><mi>M</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> are parallel to <span><math><msub><mrow><mo>[</mo><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>2</mn><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>0</mn><mo>]</mo></mrow><mi>α</mi></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mrow><mo>[</mo><mover><mrow><mn>11</mn></mrow><mo>‾</mo></mover><mrow><mn>20</mn><mo>]</mo></mrow></mrow><mi>α</mi></msub></math></span> respectively and its habit plane {334} is close to β_M-β_T boundary. In Type II, the selected α variant, which has a {334} habit plane, also lies close to the β_M-β_T boundary. This finding indicates that the variant selection rule of the habit plane governs α precipitation during martensite decomposition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102666"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orientation-dependent wetting behavior of molten Al on α-Al2O3 in high magnetic fields","authors":"Peng Miao ,&nbsp;Tie Liu ,&nbsp;Shuoxi Yang ,&nbsp;Zhengyang Lu ,&nbsp;Weibin Cui ,&nbsp;Shuang Yuan ,&nbsp;Chao Li ,&nbsp;Qiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High magnetic fields (HMFs) can markedly influence wetting behavior by modifying the solid–liquid interfacial structure. However, their effects on the wettability of systems with different interfacial structures remain unexplored. We investigated the wetting behavior of molten Al on α-Al₂O₃ with different orientations under HMFs and elucidated the underlying wetting mechanism. The Al/R-plane α-Al₂O₃ system showed the best wettability, with the contact angle reduced by 49° at 6 T. Structural analyses revealed that HMFs induce ordered Al layers epitaxially grown on the substrate (up to ∼13 layers on the R-plane), driving the interface toward near-coherency and reducing the solid–liquid interfacial energy, thereby significantly enhancing wettability. In addition, orientation-dependent differences in substrate surface structures produce distinct interfacial structures with molten Al, resulting in different wettability. These results highlight a new strategy for tailoring wettability and interfacial properties via magnetic field-substrate orientation coupling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102631"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced dry and current-carrying friction properties of cold-sprayed Ti2AlC reinforced CuCrZr coating","authors":"Kang Yang ,&nbsp;Xiankun Wu ,&nbsp;Zitao Jiang ,&nbsp;Wei Zhou ,&nbsp;Gobinda Gyawali ,&nbsp;Shihong Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenya Li","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study developed CuCrZr-Ti₂AlC composite coatings via cold spraying to enhance the performance of copper alloy guide rails. The cold spray process was specifically selected to prevent the oxidation and decomposition of the MAX phase Ti₂AlC. Composite powders with different Ti₂AlC contents were prepared by mechanical alloying. The results indicate that the coating with 20 <em>wt</em>.%Ti₂AlC achieves an optimal balance of a hardness of 173.40 HV_0.5 and high electrical conductivity (6.62 μΩ·cm). Its specific wear rate under dry sliding was 1.30 × 10^–4 mm³/(N·m), which is 86.4 % lower than that of the pure CuCrZr coating (9.59 × 10^–4 mm³/(N·m)). Furthermore, under current loading, the wear rate of the 20 <em>wt</em>.%Ti₂AlC coating (1.63 × 10^–4 mm³/(N·m)) was significantly lower than that of the 30 <em>wt</em>.%Ti₂AlC coating (3.51 × 10^–4 mm³/(N·m)). The CuCrZr-20 <em>wt</em>.%Ti₂AlC composite coating is thus a promising material for applications requiring simultaneous wear resistance and conductivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102626"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crystallographic texture dependence of biocompatibility in a Ti35Zr35Nb15Mo5Fe5Cr5 complex concentrated alloy","authors":"Dharmendra K. Yadav ,&nbsp;Deepak Paliwal ,&nbsp;Surya D. Yadav ,&nbsp;Subhasis Sinha","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present work, the crystallographic texture dependence of the biocompatibility of a novel Ti₃₅Zr₃₅Nb₁₅Mo₅Fe₅Cr₅ complex concentrated alloy (CCA) in the as-cast and annealed states was investigated. In-vitro cell culture experiments using MG-63 cells demonstrated that the cell viability and proliferation of the annealed CCA were superior compared to the as-cast CCA. SEM images also showed higher cell adhesion (higher number density of adhered cells) on the annealed CCA sample. EBSD and X-ray texture measurements were performed to obtain the micro- and macro-texture evolution, respectively, in order to unravel the effect of crystallographic texture on the biocompatibility behavior of the as-cast and annealed CCA samples. The higher biocompatibility in the annealed specimen is related to texture evolution during annealing. While standard texture components were not distinctly observed in the as-cast specimen except some rotated Cube component, the annealed specimen showed the presence of γ-fiber, ε-fiber, and Brass components in addition to Cube component. The cell adhesion is sensitive to texture, with a greater number of cells attaching to grains that are crystallographically oriented with their normal to the surface exposed to the cells. This preferential cell attachment along accounts for the enhanced biocompatibility of the annealed CCA specimen as compared to the as-cast specimen.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102623"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic behaviour of FeCo-2V under applied stress and elevated temperature","authors":"Sirapob Toyting ,&nbsp;Christopher W. Harrison ,&nbsp;Alexis Lambourne ,&nbsp;Howard J. Stone","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>FeCo-2V alloys are promising candidates for high-performance electric machines, such as those used in aerospace and electrification, owing to their exceptional saturation magnetisation and potential to maximise power density. Nevertheless, their magnetic behaviour under mechanical loading and at elevated temperatures remains insufficiently understood. In this study, the stress- and temperature-dependent magnetic and electrical properties of FeCo-2V were investigated separately, with particular attention to coercivity, core losses, and underlying mechanisms. Stress-dependent experiments revealed three distinct regimes. Under compressive loading, magnetic performance deteriorated, as shown by expanding hysteresis loops and increased coercivity and core losses due to hard-axis magnetisation. In the tensile regime below ∼100 MPa, performance improved through stress-assisted easy-axis alignment. At higher tensile stresses, however, micro-yielding dominated: increasing Kernel Average Misorientation (KAM) angles indicated enhanced dislocation densities, which in turn degraded magnetic properties. Independent temperature-dependent studies demonstrated that coercivity decreases systematically with increasing temperature, attributed to reduced anisotropy energy that facilitates domain wall motion. Core losses also declined with temperature, with loss-separation analysis confirming reductions in both hysteresis and eddy current loss coefficients. Additionally, electrical resistivity was observed to increase with temperature, consistent with the Drude model and a reduced eddy current loss coefficient.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102636"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residual stress in Germanium single crystals caused by femtosecond laser micromachining","authors":"R. Fréville ,&nbsp;P.A. Gruber ,&nbsp;S. Lee ,&nbsp;J.S. Micha ,&nbsp;O. Robach ,&nbsp;O. Ulrich ,&nbsp;C. Kirchlechner","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102648","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102648","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Femtosecond laser (fs-laser) milling has emerged as a promising technique for high-precision material processing, offering significantly faster ablation rates compared to Ga⁺ Focused Ion Beam (FIB) milling. While fs-laser ablation is often considered to be athermal, its impact on surface features, such as redeposited material, raises concerns about its influence on microstructure and residual stress fields. This study explores the mechanical effects of fs-laser and FIB milling on a germanium single crystal, using synchrotron-based Laue microdiffraction coupled with Digital Image Correlation to characterize induced residual stresses and their spatial distribution. The further development of this technique allows to push the strain resolution to 10⁻⁵, which enabled a clear identification of the influence of the redeposition structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102648"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}