Materialia最新文献

{"title":"Strength-plasticity synergistic mechanism of Fe-30Mn-8.6Al-1C low-density steel via HDI stress regulation induced by hardness difference","authors":"Lang Bai ,&nbsp;Lifeng Hou ,&nbsp;Duoyao Liang ,&nbsp;Long Yang ,&nbsp;Haiwei Wu ,&nbsp;Yinghui Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102752","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heterogeneous deformation-induced (HDI) hardening achieves strength-ductility synergy via HDI stress, yet its key governing parameter remains unclear. Here, we produce two heterogeneous structures – partially recrystallized heterostructures (PRHs) and mixed-grain heterostructures (MGHs) – in a cold-rolled Fe–30Mn–8.6Al–1C steel by annealing. Our results reveal that the hardness difference (ΔHV) between soft and hard zones is the key parameter for tailoring the HDI stress. Large ΔHV (51 HV) in PRHs effectively hinders dislocation motion and promotes interfacial pile-ups of geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs), generating a high HDI stress of 498.9 MPa and thus achieving a yield strength of 970 MPa and a total elongation of 32%. Conversely, minor ΔHV (14 HV) in MGHs permits concurrent dislocation transmission during pile-up, reducing GNDs storage efficiency and lowering HDI stress to 378.8 MPa. These differentiated dislocation-interface interactions are directly verified by TEM, finding offers critical insights for the design of high strength-ductility heterostructured materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 102752"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147802303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effect of A-site Nd deficiency and B-site Mo doping in NdBaCo2O5+δ for enhancing electrochemical performance of solid oxide electrolysis cells","authors":"Xujie Liu ,&nbsp;Changling Quan ,&nbsp;Qiyue Wang ,&nbsp;Yan Shao ,&nbsp;Baocheng Shi ,&nbsp;Ting Yan ,&nbsp;Binxia Yuan ,&nbsp;Zaiguo Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102734","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The delamination caused by thermal expansion mismatch between the anode and electrolyte in solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) significantly restricts overall performance. The double perovskite materials Nd_0.98BaCo_2-yMo_yO_5+δ (Nd_0.98BCMo_y, <em>y</em> = 0.03–0.07) were synthesized as oxygen electrodes of SOECs. Synergistic modification of A-site Nd deficiency and B-site Mo doping was adopted to improve the thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) and electrical conductivity of the NdBaCo₂O_5+δ (NBC). Specifically, Nd_0.98BaCo_1.93Mo_0.07O_5+δ exhibited a TEC of 13.94 × 10^–6 K^-1 and electrical conductivity of 235 S·cm^-1 at 800 °C, which were markedly superior to NBC. Thermogravimetric analysis further confirmed that the modified samples exhibited excellent thermal stability. In terms of electrochemical performance, the symmetric cell with Nd_0.98BCMo_0.03 exhibited a polarization resistance of 0.027 Ω·cm² at 800 °C. A single cell utilizing this material as the oxygen electrode delivered a current density of 875.48 mA·cm^-2 at 800 °C under 1.5 V, corresponding to a theoretical hydrogen production rate of 365.95 ml·cm^-2·h^-1. These attractive properties demonstrate that the synergistic modification through A-site deficiency and B-site doping can effectively enhance NBC, offering a new strategy for developing oxygen electrode materials for solid oxide electrolysis cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 102734"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147802304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic reinforcement of 38MnVS6 steel via soft–hard gradient laser cladding: Microstructural optimization and tribological behavior","authors":"Guohong Ji ,&nbsp;Xinxue Zhao ,&nbsp;Li Chen ,&nbsp;Lijun Deng ,&nbsp;Jiangpeng Cao ,&nbsp;Jiliang Zhang ,&nbsp;Jian Zhang ,&nbsp;Changgen Li","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102760","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102760","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Severe adhesive and fatigue wear of steel piston top ring grooves under high-temperature, high-pressure, and boundary-lubricated conditions significantly compromise engine efficiency and durability. To address this, a novel Fe-based functionally graded coating (FGC) featuring a soft–hard architecture was fabricated on 38MnVS6 steel via laser cladding. This design aims to synergize high surface load-bearing capacity with superior interfacial toughness. Detailed microstructural characterization reveals a gradient transition from a Cr/C-rich hard layer, reinforced by M₇C₃ carbides and submicron grains (0.87-0.98 μm), to a ductile Fe-based solid-solution soft layer. The hard layer attains an average hardness of 616HV—approximately 2.3 times that of the substrate—effectively resisting plastic deformation. Under rigorous boundary lubrication tests at 230°C, the FGC demonstrates superior tribological stability, reducing the wear volume by more than one order of magnitude compared to the substrate. The dominant wear mechanism notably shifts from severe adhesion and delamination to mild abrasive and limited oxidative wear. These findings elucidate the crucial role of the gradient microstructure in suppressing high-temperature wear, providing an effective route for the surface strengthening and remanufacturing of critical engine components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 102760"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147802302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of metallurgical mechanism governing the disorder/order transformation in high-silicon steels manufactured by L-PBF","authors":"Maria Rita Ridolfi ,&nbsp;Giulia Stornelli ,&nbsp;Bryan Ramiro Rodriguez-Vargas ,&nbsp;Paolo Vescovo ,&nbsp;Riccardo Porta ,&nbsp;Andrea Di Schino","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser-Powder-Bed-Fusion is a promising technology for manufacturing ferromagnetic components in High-Silicon steels to overcome the problem of intrinsic brittleness. To date, the mechanisms governing the formation of the ordered-brittle B2 and D0₃ phases, from the primary disordered-ductile A2 phase, are still unclear for processes involving rapid solidification. In this framework, a deep understanding of steel microstructural evolution is needed to identify the most suitable additive techniques and to define the best manufacturing parameters. The purpose of this work is to understand the mechanisms involved in the L-PBF fabrication of Fe–6.5 wt.%Si steel components, enabling a comparison with melt-spinning and Electron-Beam-Powder-Bed-Fusion. The work is developed around two hypotheses: (i) the disorder/order transformation is driven by thermal cycling in the already solidified layers due to repeated laser passes, (ii) the formation of ordered phases occurs during the solidification stage. The study is based on mathematical modelling coupled to experimental approach. Differential-Scanning-Calorimetry is applied to derive the kinetics of formation of ordered phases. Finite-Element-Method is adopted to evaluate the temperature evolution during the L-PBF process, and directional dendrite growth and Scheil’s model to calculate, respectively, the solidification map and micro-segregation. The analysis shows that the intrinsic brittleness of the Fe–6.5 wt.%Si component is promoted by ordered phases presence due to Si and C micro-segregation under conditions of rapid solidification and high undercooling at the dendritic front. On the other hand, high cooling rates do not allow the component to remain within the critical temperature long enough to form ordered phases during printing process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 102755"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147858760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental-computational study of tool geometry and processing temperature effects on the deformation behaviour of gradient structured SMGT copper","authors":"Deepak Paliwal ,&nbsp;Saroj Kumar Basantia ,&nbsp;Shreshtha Ranjan ,&nbsp;N.P. Gurao","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gradient structures (GS) offer a superior balance of strength and ductility, but this synergy critically depends on the optimal gradient layer thickness, which is sensitive to processing parameters and temperature. To establish a processing–microstructure–property relationship, GS in copper was developed using surface mechanical grinding treatment (SMGT) at room temperature (RT) and cryogenic temperature (CT) with in-house tools of two ball diameters (16 mm and 12 mm). While tool size caused minimal grain size variation, it significantly affected dislocation density along the depth. SMGT produced shear texture components, with texture evolution more influenced by tool design than processing temperature. Conversely, strain hardening was more sensitive to temperature; CT samples (CT16, CT12) showed higher hardening ability than RT ones, attributed to shallower deformation depths that enhanced synergistic strengthening effects. Finite element simulations coupled with fast Fourier transform based crystal plasticity, incorporating experimentally informed hard and soft domains, revealed stress–strain partitioning during tensile deformation, with harder layers carrying higher loads and softer layers accommodating greater plastic strain. Pronounced strain and stress partitioning were observed at early deformation stages. With increasing tensile strain, strain partitioning diminishes, leading to a more uniform strain distribution across differently hardened layers, whereas stress partitioning remains dominant throughout deformation. This study establishes a framework linking processing parameters, microstructural gradients, and mechanical behaviour, highlighting the critical role of through-thickness stress–strain partitioning in optimising strength–ductility synergy in SMGT-processed copper.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 102756"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147858759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of tantalum additions on the microstructure and oxidation resistance of a cobalt-based superalloy","authors":"M.E. Pek ,&nbsp;J.M. Hogg ,&nbsp;N.G. Jones ,&nbsp;P. Jackson ,&nbsp;H.J. Stone","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Refractory metal additions are known to enhance the mechanical properties of cast superalloys. This study examines the effect of Ta additions (0, 0.9, 1.4, and 3.1 at. %) on the microstructure and oxidation behaviour of a carbide-reinforced Co-based alloy (Co-101a, Co-34.4Cr-9.5Ni-2.9Mo-2.0Si-0.5Mn-2.3C, at. %). Ta promoted the formation of Ta-rich MC carbides, and the 3.1 at. % Ta alloy also formed Laves and σ phases in place of Cr-rich carbides. Solution heat treatment at 1200 °C for 24 h decomposed the interdendritic lamellar intergrowths, producing M₂₃C₆ carbides in all but the 3.1 at. % Ta alloy, with notable MC carbide spheroidisation in the lower-Ta compositions. Isothermal oxidation at 800 °C, 1000 °C, and 1200 °C for up to 100 h revealed two distinct mechanisms. At 800 °C and 1000 °C, Ta additions up to 1.4 at. % reduced mass gain by promoting MC carbide formation, which disrupted the Cr-rich carbide network and was accompanied by CrTaO₄ formation. However, at 3.1 at. % Ta, the presence of an extensive σ-rich interdendritic network was associated with deeper internal attack and higher mass gain. At 1200 °C, mass gains increased by up to 40 % with higher Ta content. CrTaO₄ formation coincided with a less continuous silica-rich subscale, reducing oxidation resistance. Microstructurally, Ta promoted intragranular needle-like Laves phase formation at 800 °C and formation of Laves-like phases adjacent to MC carbides at 1200 °C. Although moderate Ta additions improved oxidation resistance at intermediate temperatures, intermetallic formation, and poor performance at 1200 °C suggest Ta may not be advantageous in this system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 102754"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147858761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergy of cellular architecture and dual-precipitation on the high-cycle fatigue mechanisms of an additively manufactured high-entropy alloy: Al0.2Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.3","authors":"Poresh Kumar ,&nbsp;Tu-Ngoc Lam ,&nbsp;Jing-Syuan Lai ,&nbsp;Lia Amalia ,&nbsp;Po-heng Chou ,&nbsp;An-Chou Yeh ,&nbsp;Winson C.H. Kuo ,&nbsp;Peter K. Liaw ,&nbsp;Ching-Yu Chiang ,&nbsp;Wan-Zhen Hsieh ,&nbsp;Ke An ,&nbsp;Yan Chen ,&nbsp;Dunji Yu ,&nbsp;Sudhanshu Shekhar Singh ,&nbsp;E-Wen Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) have emerged as a promising class of materials due to their attractive physical and mechanical properties. Recent studies have demonstrated that these alloys can achieve exceptional strength-ductility combinations, especially when strengthened through precipitation engineering. With the increasing use of additive manufacturing (AM), further improvements have been realized through the formation of hierarchical microstructures. However, fatigue behavior is critical for structural applications, remains less explored. In this work, we investigate tensile and high cycle fatigue (HCF) performance, respectively, of a dual-precipitation-strengthened Al_0.2Co_1.5CrFeNi_1.5Ti_0.3 high-entropy alloy (HEA) fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM). Comprehensive characterization was performed to examine the interplay between AM-induced microstructural features and precipitation behavior, and their combined influence on fatigue mechanisms. The alloy exhibits a notable endurance strength of ∼0.4 - 0.5 times its ultimate tensile strength (UTS), which is competitive with or superior to many AM structural alloys. The coherent L1₂ precipitates contribute significantly to strengthening under both monotonic and cyclic loading, while the L2₁ precipitates also contributed in resistance to fatigue crack propagation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 102757"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical property evaluation of 316 L micro-powders via particle compression tests and finite element method simulation","authors":"Tao Zhang ,&nbsp;Shoma Sekita ,&nbsp;Weiwei Zhou,&nbsp;Zhenxing Zhou,&nbsp;Mingqi Dong,&nbsp;Naoyuki Nomura","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inspired by the observed similarity in the phase constitution and grain scale of powders and laser powder bed fusion (<span><span>l</span></span>-PBF) builds, mechanical properties of powder are proposed to reflect the intrinsic mechanical strength of alloy systems. In this study, we propose a combined experimental–numerical method that integrates finite element method (FEM) simulations with particle compression tests to demonstrate this feasibility. Individual 316 L stainless-steel particles were compressed to produce reproducible force–displacement curves. FEM simulations employing the Voce hardening law revealed that the compressive response is sensitive to plastic parameters but largely insensitive to elastic properties. By iteratively fitting the simulations to the experimental data, we successfully determined the true stress–strain relationship of the powders. The validity of the approach was further confirmed by accurately predicting the compression behavior of 316 L particles with different diameters. This study provides a rapid, reliable, and cost-effective tool for powder characterization, enabling alloy screening and composition optimization in <span>l</span>-PBF applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102660"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of pre strain on magnetic ageing in Fe-Si steels","authors":"Ajay kumar Jagannatha Rao ,&nbsp;Lea Saleh ,&nbsp;Sruthi Mohan ,&nbsp;Dominique Mangelinck ,&nbsp;Claude Alfonso ,&nbsp;Abdelkader Benabou ,&nbsp;Oualid Messal ,&nbsp;Stéphane Clénet ,&nbsp;Laurent Barrallier ,&nbsp;Myriam Dumont","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The durability and performance of electrical steels, essential for electric motors, are compromised by magnetic ageing, which mainly arises from microstructural changes such as carbide precipitation. This study examines how plastic pre-strain influences the magnetic ageing behaviour and microstructural evolution of an ultra-low carbon Fe-Si electrical steel during isothermal ageing at 200°C. Strain quantification was performed using controlled digital image correlation; samples were pre-strained to 2% and 5% plastic deformation prior to ageing. Magnetic properties were measured with single strip testers, and microstructural changes were quantitatively analysed through SEM imaging and image analysis at different ageing intervals. The results show that increasing pre-strain significantly slows down carbide nucleation and growth kinetics, contrary to the usual expectation that dislocations accelerate precipitation. This slowdown is explained by carbon atoms segregating to dislocations, forming Cottrell atmospheres that reduce the carbon available for carbide formation. Although magnetic losses increase with pre-strain due to enhanced domain wall pinning by dislocations, overall magnetic ageing is reduced because precipitate formation is suppressed. A modified precipitation model that includes dislocation density and carbon segregation effects successfully predicts the experimental data. These findings provide new insights into the complex relationship between plastic deformation, precipitation kinetics, and magnetic ageing in electrical steels, guiding strategies to improve motor efficiency and lifespan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102700"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147420623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailoring Mn₃O₄ Haussmannite thin films via transition metal doping for potential supercapacitor applications: Experimental and first principal insights","authors":"Abderrahim Siassi ,&nbsp;Rabie Amari ,&nbsp;Abdelhalim Kahoul ,&nbsp;Smail Terchi ,&nbsp;Mohamed Redha Khelladi ,&nbsp;Imene Abid ,&nbsp;Fathi Messaoudi ,&nbsp;Bahri Deghfel ,&nbsp;Abdelhamid Guelil ,&nbsp;Abdelhalim Zoukel ,&nbsp;Noudjoud Lebga ,&nbsp;Salim Daoudi ,&nbsp;Ahmad Azmin Mohamad","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hausmannite Mn₃O₄ is valued for its remarkable properties, making it a strong candidate for advanced technologies. A comprehensive experimental and theoretical analysis is conducted on Mn₃O₄ hausmannite thin films doped with 6.25% Ni and Zn, synthesized via the sol-gel method, highlighting their optical, structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties. Density Functional Theory (DFT) with an on-site Coulomb interaction parameter U, within the RSCAN functional (DFT+U+RSCAN), was employed to support and validate the experimental findings. The analysis confirmed the tetragonal hausmannite phase, showing improved crystallinity and changes in crystallite size, microstrain, and lattice constants with doping. Spectral data (400-4000 cm^-1) identified Mn-O stretching bands at 451, 600, and 888 cm^-1. Indirect band gap of 1.67 eV was obtained for undoped films, which reduced to 1.59 eV and 1.43 eV for Zn- and Ni-doped samples. Doping slightly increased refractive index, dielectric constant, and absorption, while lowering oscillator energy. AFM revealed lower grains and decreased RMS roughness. DFT+U+RSCAN calculations matched experimental trends in band gaps, optical parameters, and lattice constants. Electrochemical tests showed dominant electric double-layer capacitive (EDLC) behavior with good storage performance. CV curves (100-250 mV s^-1) showed 52.4 F g^-1 for pure Mn₃O₄ at 100 mV s^-1. GCD curves (0.25-2 A cm^-2) exhibited ideal triangular shapes and good reversibility, with specific capacitance of 53.85 F g^-2 at 2 A cm^-2. The investigation combines theory and experiment, revealing an agreement in the tunable properties of Ni- and Zn-doped Mn₃O₄ thin films, highlighting their potential as working electrode for energy storage devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102692"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147420690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}