MaterialiaPub Date : 2025-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102349
Kevin Przepiora , Edgar Dutra Zanotto , N․M․Anoop Krishnan , Céline Ragoen , Stéphane Godet
{"title":"Mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of phase-separated soda-lime-silica glass","authors":"Kevin Przepiora , Edgar Dutra Zanotto , N․M․Anoop Krishnan , Céline Ragoen , Stéphane Godet","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The possibility that liquid phase separation enhances mechanical properties of glasses has recently garnered interest, yet questions persist regarding the mechanisms underlying these effects and their correlation with two-phase glass microstructures. To address these questions, the present study investigates some mechanical properties and the deformation response of a phase-separated soda-lime-silica glass with varying microstructures ranging from nanosized, interconnected to larger, dilute droplet structures. By maintaining a constant chemical composition, the direct influence of the microstructure morphology on certain mechanical properties is probed. Electron microscope images of crack tips reveal that the secondary phase can deflect and bridge propagating cracks in both interconnected and droplet microstructures, which is further confirmed by peridynamic simulations. Raman spectra show characteristic peak shifts of both amorphous silica and soda-lime glass during deformation, indicating a combined contribution of matrix and secondary phase. Notably, the interconnected structures exhibit smaller deformation zones, and cracks generated by low force indentations are significantly shorter compared to the droplet structures. These observed nanostructural effects lead to a 20 % increase in indentation fracture toughness and up to 40 % increase in flexural strength in interconnected structures. The increase in strength and toughness appears to be mainly related to the ability of certain morphologies to absorb stresses through densification of the secondary phase and to decrease the opening force of propagating cracks through crack deflection on interfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 102349"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hierarchal heterogeneity of microstructure via aging of Ti-6Al-4V alloy with α+α′ duplex initial microstructure and its effect on strengthening","authors":"Hiroaki Matsumoto , Takanori Kiguchi , Irvin Séchepée , Ryota Yoshioka","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, with the aim of further improving the strength and ductility balance of industrial Ti alloys, we investigated the phase decomposition behaviors of a Ti-6Al-4 V alloy with a (α+α′martensite) duplex microstructure during low-temperature aging (at 500 °C). In addition, we examined its effect on strength and ductility. The (α+α′) duplex microstructure (for the as-solution treated and quenched specimens) demonstrates a strength-ductility balance that is at par or better than that of the equilibrium (α+β) bimodal structure (for 700 °C aged specimen). The strength of the (α+α') duplex microstructure that was aged at 500 °C for 1 h was significantly increased while retaining good ductility. Here, although no apparent structural changes in both nano- and micro scale level were observed in the primary α grains, three unique phase decomposition/structural evolutions in nano scale level that formed new domains distinguished into the Area 1, 2, 3 were observed in the fine acicular α' martensite region as follows. Under aging at 500 °C, fine acicular α′ martensite evolves into ultrafine globular α′ grains via enhanced recrystallization (corresponding to Area 1), followed by occurrences of β precipitation without elemental diffusional partitioning (corresponding to Area 2) and substitution from globular α' grains to ultrafine β subgrains (correponding to Area 3). Thus low temperature aging at 500 °C leads to complicated multimodal structural formation in the fine α' martensite region, and it contibutes to significantly improved strength.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 102348"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MaterialiaPub Date : 2025-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102343
Susanne Henninger , Rupesh Chafle , Emad Maawad , Benjamin Klusemann , Martin Müller , Peter Staron
{"title":"Impact of friction stir welding-like heat cycles on precipitates in AA7050 analysed by SAXS and numerical modelling","authors":"Susanne Henninger , Rupesh Chafle , Emad Maawad , Benjamin Klusemann , Martin Müller , Peter Staron","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Precipitation kinetics in AA7050 during heat cycles as they occur in friction stir welding (FSW) were studied via small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and numerical modelling using the PanPrecipitation software. Reversion experiments were conducted for the calibration of the used model and the reversion stages of dissolution, growth and coarsening of precipitates are successfully modelled. Additionally, reversion experiments on an AA7108 alloy from literature data were modelled, affirming that other AA7xxx alloys can be described with the developed model as well. The model was used to predict precipitation kinetics in AA7050-T7451 during heat cycles typically occurring in FSW, enabling the prediction of the evolution of volume fraction and precipitate size distribution of <span><math><mi>η</mi></math></span>-precipitates at elevated temperatures, matching experimental results. For instance, with increasing temperature, stronger coarsening as well as lower final volume fractions are expected. Finally, the influence of maximum temperature and welding speed on the precipitate size distribution was studied, providing guidelines for temperature-driven process design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 102343"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation of microstructural evolution and carbon redistribution in ausformed nanostructured bainitic steel via 3D atom probe tomography and its structure-property relationship","authors":"Abhinesh Verma , Shahriar Reza , Sumit Ghosh , Nagini Macha , Khushboo Rakha","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermomechanical treatment is an important method to refine the microstructure and accelerate the kinetics of phase transformations in steels. In this study, different ausforming strains as 7 %, 15 %, 30 %, and 60 % were used to ausform steel samples at 570 °C temperature followed by isothermal holding at 350 °C for 10 days. X-ray diffraction was used to analyse the different phases present after thermomechanical treatment. Long isothermal holding for 10 days was used to develop a fully nanostructured bainitic microstructure consisting of bainitic ferrite and retained austenite films. Refinement of bainitic laths was observed with an increase in deformation strain. Atom probe tomography was further employed to study the carbon redistribution in the form of solid solution, clusters, segregation, and precipitation in a sample ausformed at 570 °C with 7 % strain. Atomic clustering was observed and quantified for the first time inside bainitic ferrite laths in nanostructured bainite, due to the dislocation substructure formed inside austenite as a result of ausforming. The maximum carbon content found in nano-scale particles was found to be 14.13 atomic % establishing the presence of clusters. The effect of ausforming on microstructural evolution, austenite stabilization, and carbon redistribution has been presented systematically in this work.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 102342"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143171421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of different dosages of e-beam irradiation on mechanical strength of vitamin E-blended ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene and the osteolytic activities of its wear debris","authors":"Junki Shiota , Daisuke Takahashi , Liyile Chen , Shunichi Yokota , Tomoyo Yutani , Hend Alhasan , Tsutomu Endo , Tomohiro Sugimoto , Keita Uetsuki , M Alaa Terkawi , Norimasa Iwasaki","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global medical implant manufacturing has been extensively focused on the development of materials with high mechanical strength, fatigue resistance and reduced biologically osteolytic activity in vivo. Electron beam (e-beam) irradiation has been widely used for creating a highly crosslinked vitamin E blended UHMWPE. Here, we evaluated the mechanical properties of VE-UHMWPE irradiated by e-beam with dosages of 150 and 300 kGy, and the biological responses to the material wear debris. Oxidation index values for VE-UHMWPE irradiated by 300 kGy were significantly higher than these irradiated by 150 kGy. Although VE-UHMWPE irradiated by 300 kGy exhibited significantly reduced values of the impact strength values and elongation as compared to these irradiated by 150 kG, wear productions in hip simulator test were comparable in both types of VE-UHMWPE. Furthermore, both types of VE-UHMWPE particles induced comparable inflammatory responses and osteolytic activities in vitro and in vivo. The better mechanical properties of 150-irradiated VE-UHMWPE suggest that this dosage is appropriate for crosslinking UHMWPE material of the prostheses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 102345"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MaterialiaPub Date : 2025-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102344
Lucas Varoto , Tristan Lenoir , Alexandre Margueret , Béchir Chéhab , Jean-Jacques Blandin , Pierre Lhuissier , Guilhem Martin
{"title":"Microstructure formation of a new Al-4Mn-3Ni-2Cu-1Zr aluminium alloy during electron beam powder bed fusion","authors":"Lucas Varoto , Tristan Lenoir , Alexandre Margueret , Béchir Chéhab , Jean-Jacques Blandin , Pierre Lhuissier , Guilhem Martin","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There are only a limited number of studies devoted to the investigation of the processing and microstructure of high strength aluminium alloys fabricated by EB-PBF in comparison with laser beam powder bed fusion (LB-PBF). Most of the studies were conducted using existing grades. Herein, we investigate the processability and the microstructure of a new Al-4Mn-3Ni-2Cu-1Zr alloy fabricated by EB-PBF. Dense crack-free samples are produced with a relative density ≥ 99.7 % measured using X-ray computed tomography (XCT). The microstructure is found to be relatively homogeneous along the build direction except in the topmost layer and consists of equiaxed grains with a size ≤5 µm. The equiaxed grains are correlated to the presence of L1<sub>2</sub>-Al<sub>3</sub>Zr cubic-shaped precipitates. Those primary precipitates promote the heterogeneous nucleation of Al grains because of the low misfit in lattice parameter between the Al FCC phase and the ordered FCC L1<sub>2</sub>-Al<sub>3</sub>Zr phase. The microstructure is decorated by a large fraction of intermetallic particles, nearly 20 %. As many as four different intermetallics were identified by correlating the X-ray diffraction analysis with elemental mapping using energy dispersive spectroscopy. Observations conducted in the topmost layer provide key pieces of information to shed light on the microstructure formation during EB-PBF. The hardness gradient revealed when approaching the top layers is attributed to the progressive depletion in Mn of the supersaturated solid solution inherited from solidification due to the intrinsic heat treatment undergone by the sample during EB-PBF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 102344"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143171425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Formation of micro-pillars on W by He plasma irradiation with N2/Ar impurities","authors":"Rongshi Zhang , Shin Kajita , Dogyun Hwangbo , Hirohiko Tanaka , Yuta Yamamoto , Noriyasu Ohno","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tungsten samples were exposed to helium plasma with additional nitrogen and argon impurity gases. As a result, microscale pillar-like structures formed on the tungsten surface under similar conditions where nanotendril bundles can be formed. This study summarizes the condition under which those pillar-like structures form. The surface morphology and height profile were observed, and the field emission properties of the W sample with the pillar-like structure were analyzed. The possible formation mechanism of these structures was discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 102341"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143171391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MaterialiaPub Date : 2025-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102329
Abu Bakar , Muhammad Shahbaz , A. Afaq
{"title":"A first-principles investigation of structural, dynamical, electronic and phonon-mediated superconducting properties of B3-TMCs (TM=Pd, Pt) using local, semilocal, and nonlocal functionals","authors":"Abu Bakar , Muhammad Shahbaz , A. Afaq","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The density functional theory was employed to study the structure, electronic bands, phonon spectrum, and electron–phonon interactions in PdC and PtC. The functionals like PW (Perdew-Wang), a local density approximation (LDA), PBE (Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof), a generalized gradient approximation (GGA), along with the nonlocal functionals, rVV10 and vdW-DF3 that include long range electron–electron correlations in the GGA type functionals, were applied to contrast their performances for the said properties. The absence of negative phonon frequencies predicts the dynamical stability of B3 phase of PdC and PtC. The electronic bands from different methods, if corrected for the constant difference of Fermi energies, show an overwhelming agreement for both materials. Nonetheless, the phonon dispersion curves manifest relatively significant differences in the entire Brillouin Zone. The two materials also manifest low-temperature superconductivity in the B3 phase. The acoustic phonons play a predominant role, up to 88% for PdC and 93% for PtC in electron–phonon coupling. The optical phonons give rise to a minor but appreciable part of <span><math><mi>λ</mi></math></span>, up to 20% for PdC and 24% for PtC. Furthermore, vdW-DF3 leads to a value of <span><math><mi>λ</mi></math></span> larger than 1.5 and, consequently, the superconducting transition temperature was calculated with the modified Allen–Dynes equation. It turns out that rVV10 gives the closest agreement with the experimental lattice constant for PtC. Furthermore, vdW-DF3, another nonlocal functional, results in a significant enhancement of <span><math><mi>λ</mi></math></span>, and, hence, the superconducting transition temperatures for both the materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 102329"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143171419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MaterialiaPub Date : 2025-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102337
L.M. Volkova
{"title":"Structurally induced magnetic transitions in layered dichalcogenides MoQ2 (Q = S, Se, Te) and double hydroxides (M2+)6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](SO4)2 6H2O (M2+ = Mn2+, Fe2+) under mechanical deformation","authors":"L.M. Volkova","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exploring how mechanical strain can modify the magnetic properties of low-dimensional structures is one of the priorities of straintronics, an area in condensed matter physics. It has been proven by calculating the parameters of magnetic interactions Jij and developing structural/magnetic models of the layered dichalcogenides MoS<sub>2</sub>, MoSe<sub>2</sub>, MoTe<sub>2</sub> and layered double hydroxides (M<sup>2+</sup>)<sub>6</sub>Al<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>18</sub>[Na(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>](SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> 6H2O (M<sup>2+</sup> = Mn<sup>2+</sup>, Fe<sup>2+</sup>) with a grapheme type structure that magnetic interactions are responsive to the mechanical deformation of their crystal structure. As turned out, the ions in these antiferromagnetic materials are situated in the hexagonal planes close to critical positions. We have thus demonstrated that the fluctuations of the intermediate ions near critical positions due to mechanical strain cause dramatic changes to the magnetic parameters and allow the magnetic properties to be modified by mechanical strain. To be sure, an abundant class of new 2D materials transition-metal-based double hydroxides, whose properties are similar to those of molybdenum-based chalcogenides have promise as materials to be used in straintronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 102337"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MaterialiaPub Date : 2025-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102332
Mrinalini Mulukutla , Robert Robinson , Danial Khatamsaz , Brent Vela , Trevor Hastings , Nhu Vu , Raymundo Arróyave
{"title":"Supply risk-aware alloy discovery and design: A case study on the MoNbTiVW system","authors":"Mrinalini Mulukutla , Robert Robinson , Danial Khatamsaz , Brent Vela , Trevor Hastings , Nhu Vu , Raymundo Arróyave","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Materials design is a critical driver of innovation, yet overlooking the technological, economic, and environmental risks inherent in materials and their supply chains can lead to unsustainable and risk-prone solutions. To address this, we present a novel risk-aware design approach that integrates <em>Supply-Chain Aware Design Strategies</em> into the materials development process. This approach leverages existing language models and text analysis to develop a specialized model for predicting materials feedstock supply risk indices. To efficiently navigate the multi-objective, multi-constraint design space, we employ Batch Bayesian Optimization (BBO), enabling the identification of Pareto-optimal high entropy alloys (HEAs) that balance performance objectives with minimized supply risk. A case study using the MoNbTiVW system demonstrates the efficacy of our approach in four scenarios, highlighting the significant impact of incorporating supply risk into the design process. By optimizing for both performance and supply risk, we ensure that the developed alloys are not only high-performing but also sustainable and economically viable. This integrated approach represents a critical step toward a future where materials discovery and design seamlessly consider sustainability, supply chain dynamics, and comprehensive life cycle analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 102332"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143171423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}