Materialia最新文献

{"title":"Impact of microstructural variations on hydrogen permeation into duplex steel","authors":"Thomas Pogrielz ,&nbsp;Peter Kunnas ,&nbsp;Thomas Hönigmann ,&nbsp;Matthias Eichinger ,&nbsp;Juraj Todt ,&nbsp;Adam Weiser ,&nbsp;Antonin Dlouhy ,&nbsp;Dominik Brandl ,&nbsp;Gerald Ressel ,&nbsp;Gregor Mori ,&nbsp;David Holec ,&nbsp;Jozef Keckes ,&nbsp;Anton Hohenwarter","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen embrittlement remains a significant challenge in steel applications with its underlying mechanisms still not fully understood. This study examines the influence of microstructural variations in duplex steel on hydrogen uptake during electrolytic charging over a duration of four hours. To address this, three distinct microstructural states are analyzed: initial (coarse-grained), high-pressure torsion (HPT) as-processed, and heat-treated HPT states, with hydrogen penetration affecting depths of approximately 100 µm. <em>In-situ</em> synchrotron cross-sectional X-ray micro-diffraction reveals that, in the nanocrystalline HPT as-processed sample, austenite and ferrite exhibit lattice parameter expansions of 0.015 and 0.003 Å, respectively. In contrast, the initial (coarse-grained) sample shows a 0.005 Å increase in austenite, while no detectable change is observed in ferrite. The pronounced lattice swelling in both phases of the nanocrystalline microstructure is accompanied by an increase in compressive in-plane stresses of 200 MPa in austenite and 850 MPa in ferrite. Furthermore, thermal desorption spectroscopy indicates a hydrogen uptake of 16 ppm in the HPT as-processed state, exceeding the coarse-grained condition by 4 ppm. Subsequent heat treatment reduces hydrogen uptake to 4 ppm, yielding a fivefold decrease in the variation of the austenite lattice parameter while preserving the ferrite response observed in the as-processed HPT sample. The distinct responses of austenite and ferrite to hydrogen charging are attributed to their respective microstructural characteristics, as revealed by electron microscopy analyses. These findings provide new insights into the microstructural control of hydrogen transport in duplex steels, with important implications for the design and development of hydrogen-resistant materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 102475"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144634189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acoustic shock wave engineering of cadmium selenide: Structural, optical, and morphological evolution","authors":"F. Irine Maria Bincy ,&nbsp;S. Oviya ,&nbsp;Raju Suresh Kumar ,&nbsp;P. Kannappan ,&nbsp;K. Jagannathan ,&nbsp;P. Sivaprakash ,&nbsp;Ikhyun kim ,&nbsp;S.A. Martin Britto Dhas","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the effects of acoustic shock waves on the structural, optical and, morphological properties of cadmium selenide (CdSe) nanoparticles, aiming to enhance their application in solar cells and energy conversion applications. CdSe is noted for its excellent light absorption; however, its inherently weak structure under extreme conditions limits its long-term stability and solar cell performance. To observe changes in its structure, optical and morphological properties and to check its stability under extreme conditions, CdSe is subjected to acoustic shock waves at a pressure of 0.59 MPa, a temperature of 520 K, and a Mach number of 1.5. Analytical techniques are employed, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), photoluminescence (PL), and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM). Results show significant improvements, such as lower strain rates and enhanced crystallinity. The crystallite size increased from 2.8 to 3.3 nm. The bandgap shifts from 1.761 eV to 1.741 eV, and enhanced PL intensity indicates improved light absorption, and a more uniform and clearer needle-like morphology under shock-loaded conditions, which may lead to better mechanical properties. The overall study finds that CdSe structural robustness, improved optical properties, and reduced defects, such as lattice strain and distortion, effectively reduce the material's degradation issue. The optical and morphological properties were tuned to improve the solar cell performance. These findings highlight the novelty of using acoustic shock wave treatment as a quite new technique to uniquely enhance the structural, optical, and morphological properties of CdSe. Such comprehensive improvements make it a promising approach for increasing both the efficiency and durability of CdSe-based solar and energy conversion devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 102476"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144557426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sintering of loose Pisha sandstone to prepare ceramic sand and mineral evolution response mechanism","authors":"Xiaoze Zhao,&nbsp;Xiaoli Li,&nbsp;Dahu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enhance the effective utilization of loose Pisha sandstone resources, this study introduces an innovative method for preparing ceramic sand from Pisha sandstone. Through comprehensive experimental analysis, the optimal sintering temperature was determined, and the mineral evolution processes during sintering were thoroughly investigated using FactSage thermodynamic simulation software combined with thermal analysis methods. Moreover, the influence of high-temperature liquid phase formation on the pore structure was analyzed, and the exact liquid phase content at the optimal sintering temperature was quantified. Results showed the optimal sintering temperature to be 1125 °C, yielding ceramic sand with a compressive strength of 5.29 MPa, bulk density of 964.3 kg/m³, and water absorption rate of 2.99 %, meeting the standards for 1000-grade lightweight fine aggregates. The formation of low-eutectic liquid phases involving feldspar, quartz, wollastonite, and diopside significantly reduced porosity and enhanced densification of the ceramic structure. The optimal liquid phase content at 1125 °C was precisely calculated as 85.48 %. This research provides a solid theoretical basis for developing new strategies to sustainably exploit Pisha sandstone resources, a major sediment source in the Yellow River basin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 102477"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144535507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiphysics simulation and microstructure prediction of coaxial wire-laser additive manufacturing process","authors":"Zichen Kong,&nbsp;Gildas Guillemot,&nbsp;Michel Bellet,&nbsp;Charles-André Gandin","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper addresses the numerical modeling of heat transfer, fluid flow and microstructure formation in the wire-laser additive manufacturing (WLAM) process. The three-beam WLAM configuration is studied, where the primary laser light is divided into equivalent beams which coaxially converge to heat the feeder wire just prior its plunging and melting into the melt pool. The numerical modeling is conducted in a level set framework, using unstructured finite elements with periodic adaptative remeshing. An original method is proposed to avoid an explicit description of the feeding wire. Instead, a volume source domain is defined within the melt pool, where a specific velocity field is imposed. This velocity field accounts for the impingement effect of the incoming wire, and has a positive divergence derived from the mass feeding rate. At the same time, the right-hand side of the heat equation is modified to account for the input of energy due to the plunging of the heated wire. In addition, a cellular automaton method is coupled within the finite element analysis to predict grain structure development, by epitaxial growth from the substrate, based on the temperature field evolution during the solidification stage. The developed coupled methodology is applied to single-track deposition of IN718 on a substrate made of the same alloy. The influence of process parameters on bead morphology, microstructure evolution and texture formation are presented and discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 102461"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An oxidative stress amplified antibacterial S-SEBS@CuLM coating with synergistic ROS scavenging inhibition","authors":"SiSi Ma ,&nbsp;Anqi Lu ,&nbsp;Wenhao Wei ,&nbsp;Qiqi Lu ,&nbsp;Jing Sun ,&nbsp;Chao Zhang ,&nbsp;Sen Liu ,&nbsp;Wei Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102473","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As reactive oxygen species (ROS) can induce oxidative stress in bacteria and eliminate them without promoting bacterial drug resistance, ROS-based antibacterial strategies have garnered significant attention in recent years. However, bacteria possess a range of antioxidant mechanisms to counteract the bactericidal effects of ROS. Consequently, in this study, we developed an antibacterial surface based on Ga³⁺-enhanced ROS antibacterial efficacy. This surface consists of a superhydrophobic material sequentially modified with gallium-based liquid metal (GLM) and Cu²⁺. It is noteworthy that the increased H₂O₂ in the bacterial microenvironment enables Cu²⁺ to produce reactive oxygen species through catalyzing electron transfer in the Fenton reactions to achieve bactericidal effect. Meanwhile, the simultaneous use of Ga³⁺ and Cu²⁺ to destroy the bacterial redox process and inhibit its basic function further enhances antimicrobial properties. Results show that this superhydrophobic coating prevents bacterial adhesion and growth while releasing Ga³⁺ and Cu²⁺ for sustained bactericidal activity. The antimicrobial rate exceeds 99.99 % against <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>. In addition, the coating also exhibits excellent in vitro biocompatibility. This work provides a novel and effective strategy for developing antimicrobial surfaces for biomedical materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 102473"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144469968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of Post-Rolling Surface Treatment to Corrosion Performance of Duplex and Austenitic Stainless Steel Reinforcing Bar","authors":"Seyiwa Kope ,&nbsp;Fook-Yee Yang ,&nbsp;Mohaddeseh Abdolhosseini ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Ogunsanya","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study elucidates the complex relationship between stainless steel (SS) rebar surface treatment and corrosion resistance in high chloride environments using microscopy, analytical, and conventional electrochemical and novel corrosion microscopy techniques in a short- and long-term assessment. Previous studies on carbon steel reported that millscale defects (cracks and porosity) compromise corrosion resistance by allowing chloride ions to reach the base steel. This study examining three SS grades with four different surface type shows that their high Cr content improves compactness and reduces defectiveness of the inner (Fe-Cr) millscale layer, resulting in better corrosion resistance which varied with surface treatment methods, alloy composition, concrete composition, and chloride exposure method. Despite its defective outer (Fe) millscale layer, as-rolled (AR) bars showed comparable or better corrosion resistance than bars subjected to post-rolling treatment. Treating SS surface with mechanical blasting or acid pickling alone deteriorates corrosion performance due to embedment of blasting particles into rebar surface and/or the presence of loose residual millscale. Employing both shotblasting and acid pickling (SBPK) causes micropits to develop on the bar surface, which deteriorates corrosion resistance.</div><div>Additionally, this study also show that pore solution tests do not adequately reflect the corrosion performance of SS millscales because such test uniformly exposes chloride ions to millscales, causing high corrosion rate resulting from uniform millscale dissolution and quicker exposure of underlying substrate. This behaviour is different from that encountered in concrete where non-uniform chloride exposures causes non-uniform millscale dissolution and lower corrosion of underlying substrate. Overall, this work shows that achieving consistent post-roll treatment or pristine SBPK surface between manufacturers and batches is a bigger challenge than achieving homogeneous millscale, making AR SS rebar a cost-effective corrosion resistant option for construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 102472"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lead whisker growth characteristics on satellites in Earth orbit","authors":"Shinichiro Ichimaru ,&nbsp;Tsuyoshi Nakagawa ,&nbsp;Norio Nemoto ,&nbsp;Katsuaki Suganuma ,&nbsp;Hiroaki Tatsumi ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Nishikawa","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study was undertaken to facilitate the use of lead-free, tin-based, parts in satellites using an exposed experiment handrail attachment mechanism on Kibo, the outboard platform of the International Space Station, and to investigate the growth mechanism of whiskers on satellites in Earth orbit. Pure tin-plated, lead-free parts soldered with a eutectic tin-lead alloy formed lead whiskers in orbit. The lead whiskers were generated specifically from the lead areas on the tin plating of the electrodes owing to the wetting of the solder during soldering. The lead-tin whiskers were also observed on the tin plating. These whiskers were nearly 20 µm long or less; however, their morphology was thin and straight. For comparison with the orbital experiments, thermal cycling tests were performed on the ground in air. The lead-tin whiskers were observed on the ground test samples but were thicker and shorter than those in orbit and were curved. It was confirmed that the growth characteristics of these whiskers in orbit differed from those generated on the ground in air. The presence or absence of oxygen influenced the shape of these whiskers. In addition, striation rings perpendicular to the growth axis were observed on the surface of the whiskers in orbit. This indicates that these whiskers on satellites in orbit were generated by thermal cycling. At the higher temperature of the thermal cycling, the tin grains in tin plating expanded, and the lead in the tin-plated grain boundaries was compressed and squeezed out, leading to the formation of lead whiskers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 102470"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144781247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing hydrogen resistance in fusion energy structural stainless steel via controlled uniaxial strain","authors":"L.Y. Mao ,&nbsp;Manquan Fang ,&nbsp;Chongyu Shen ,&nbsp;C. Huang ,&nbsp;M.R. Fan ,&nbsp;M.K. Wang ,&nbsp;Z.A. Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102469","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fusion energy as a sustainable clean power shaping our future. However, the prevalent issue of hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of secondary processing structural materials in fusion energy systems has been widely concerned. This study explored the effect of secondary deformation on HE resistance of nickel-economized stainless steel (NEASS) used in tritium plant through varying degrees of uniaxial pre-strain. Unexpectedly, the high pre-strained NEASS with H-charging simultaneously exhibited high ultimate strength and low HE susceptibility. The increase in ultimate strength comes from the strain hardening effect caused by dislocation multiplication, while the improvement of HE resistance is contributed by the synergistic effect of deformation substructure, preferred orientation, and dislocation configuration. The interplay of these effects altered the hydrogen distribution inside the material, the hydrogen trapping capacity of microstructure, and the initiation behavior of hydrogen-induced cracks (HICs). Consequently, the NEASS exhibited low HE susceptibility during subsequent slow- strain rate tensile deformation, eventually resulting in shallower brittle fracture region, fewer HICs, and lower elongation loss after fracture with H-charging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 102469"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144364367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructural evolution during beta annealing after hot deformation in the alpha+beta field of metastable-beta Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloy","authors":"I. Skordilis ,&nbsp;S. Delannoy ,&nbsp;F. Prima ,&nbsp;N. Bozzolo","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In metastable-β titanium alloys, heating to the β field to carry out β recrystallization induces the transformation of the α phase to the β phase. The dissolving α phase directly affects the progress of the stored energy release processes in the β phase. In this study, the behavior of the β and α phases during heating and annealing in the β field of hot-forged Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al is investigated using SEM/EBSD. The experimental data indicate a strong pinning effect of the β boundaries by α precipitates, controlling the extent of recovery and recrystallization in the β phase. Overall, the results of this investigation provide a clearer view of the material’s behavior during this processing step and enable a refinement of the recrystallized β grains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 102468"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144516975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodical approach to interface design: Role of sizing in the micro-mechanical performance and durability of basalt fibers-based composites","authors":"I. Castro-Cabrera ,&nbsp;A. Chénier ,&nbsp;A. Blanchard ,&nbsp;J.F. Gérard ,&nbsp;F. Lortie ,&nbsp;J. Rumeau-Duchet","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102467","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102467","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Basalt fibers are renowned for their outstanding mechanical performance and promising end-of-life recyclability, while maintaining adequate performance compared to glass fibers. While their use is expanding, a deep comprehension of the fiber surface chemistry and particularly sizing is crucial. This thin layer, mainly made of film formers, organosilanes, among other components, governs the interface properties and thus the global performance of fiber-reinforced polymer composites. This study investigates the surface properties of basalt fibers treated with a range of film former, employing advanced surface characterization techniques. These including XPS, TGA, SEM-EDX, wettability, and five-parameter Weibull statistical analysis. The results show that the film former, polymeric versus oligomeric, strongly influences surface morphology, coverage, and flaw distribution. Oligomeric sizing, such as epoxy-based, achieves a coating with a narrower interfacial shear strength distribution. Polymeric film formers, generate thicker and more heterogeneous coatings, exhibiting dynamic rearrangements under hygrothermal conditions, showing a time-dependent healing effect. Its status modifies the surface key properties for further adhesion with polymer matrices. Beyond the insights into sizing-dependent surface performance, this work proposes a structured framework for characterizing and interpreting fiber surface to understand composite performance. By mapping different properties, the study encourages the transition from empirical, trial-and-error material development, still prevalent in industrial settings, towards more predictive, data-informed composite design. Our findings aim to contribute to a collaborative and continuous effort concerning interphase engineering in the growing field of basalt fiber composites. By positioning on fiber surface understanding, this work looks for unlocking the full potential of polymer-reinforced materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 102467"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}