Materialia最新文献

{"title":"Double interface bonding mechanism of Cu/Sn/Cu sandwich structure by electromagnetic pulse welding","authors":"Limeng Yin ,&nbsp;Zilong Su ,&nbsp;Hong Jiang ,&nbsp;Yaoning Sun ,&nbsp;Long Zhang ,&nbsp;Yong Yin ,&nbsp;Yuhua Chen ,&nbsp;Wei Feng ,&nbsp;Danni Song","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cu/Sn/Cu sandwich structure with asymmetric double interfaces was fabricated via electromagnetic pulse welding technology. The interface waveform formation is attributed to the coupling mechanism of fluid dynamics, material plastic instability, and energy dissipation. At the Cu flyer/Sn interface, localized melting induced by rapid local heating, followed by ultrafast cooling, facilitated efficient liquid-phase diffusion. This promoted the formation of a two-phase mixed intermetallic compound layer (Cu₆Sn₅ and Cu₃Sn), confirming metallurgical bonding. Conversely, at the Cu substrate/Sn interface, energy dissipation constrains kinetic/thermal energy input and limits the diffusion to the solid-state regime, which is dominated by short-range diffusion at the grain boundary. Consequently, only steady-state Cu₃Sn developed under high-pressure conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102649"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two effects of AlF3 in aluminothermic reduction of magnesia","authors":"Yun JIANG ,&nbsp;Boyang ZHAO ,&nbsp;Yuqin LIU","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fluoride is a common additive in the thermal reduction process for metallic magnesium. In the work, aluminum fluoride (AlF₃) was used in the process of vacuum aluminothermic reduction of magnesia. The process produced the qualified Mg product. Two effects of AlF₃ were reported. First, AlF₃ significantly accelerates to generate Mg vapor and magnesium aluminate spinel (MA-spinel). Second, it prevents alumina forming. In the presence of 3 % AlF₃, the content of the MA-spinel phase in slags could reach 97 %. The reasons behind are suggested. AlF₃ offers F^- ions to distort the magnesia lattice throughout entire sample, and to make cations’ detachment and substitution easily to accelerate the generation of Mg vapor and MA-spinel. F^- ions also help to avoid the rearrangement of oxygen sublattice in partial sample, which prevents the formation of alumina. The introduction of F^- ions could change the activation energy allocation during the phase transformation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102632"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intercalation-conversion and pseudocapacitive coupled sodium storage in binder-free ZnCo2O4 anode","authors":"Archana R. Kanwade ,&nbsp;Minaj M. Faras ,&nbsp;Jena Akash Kumar Satrughna ,&nbsp;Shraddha M. Rajore ,&nbsp;Sawanta S. Mali ,&nbsp;Jyoti V. Patil ,&nbsp;Chang Kook Hong ,&nbsp;Parasharam M. Shirage","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as a promising alternative to lithium-ion systems due to the abundance and cost-effectiveness of sodium resources; however, their development is hindered by the lack of high-performance anode materials. Spinel ZnCo₂O₄ (ZCO) is considered a favorable candidate owing to its high theoretical capacity, multiple redox-active sites, and tunable morphology. Herein, ZCO is directly grown on nickel foam (NF) via a hydrothermal reaction, developing a binder-free ZCO/NF electrode. Urea is employed as a structure-directing agent, resulting in a unique neem leaf-like morphology of the ZCO/NF. Further, the ZCO/NF was structurally and morphologically characterized by physicochemical techniques. When evaluated as an anode material for SIBs, it demonstrated outstanding electrochemical performance. The ZCO/NF exhibited an irreversible discharge capacity of 1893.73 mAh/g and a reversible capacity of 863.79 mAh/g at a current density of 10 mA/g, along with excellent rate capability. At a current density of 50 mA/g, it retains 42.12% of its capacity after 300 cycles. This electrochemical performance of ZCO/NF is attributed to multiple sodium storage mechanisms, including conversion reactions, limited intercalation, and pseudocapacitive surface redox processes. This study highlights the potential of ZCO/NF as a high-performance, binder-free anode material for next-generation rechargeable energy storage systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102647"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precipitation pathway in oxide dispersion-strengthened steels: From metastable precursors to pyrochlore","authors":"J. Ribis","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) materials are promising candidates for applications as core components for the next generation of nuclear power plants, including both GEN IV reactors and fusion reactors. These materials are characterized by a fine distribution of nano-oxides, which imparts excellent creep resistance. In this paper, a comprehensive characterization of the nano-oxides is proposed using Cs-corrected transmission electron microscopy. We show that three types of oxides exist within the ferritic matrix: nanoclusters with a structure identical to that of the matrix, pyrochlore-structured nano-oxides, and, for the first time, intermediate-sized nano-oxides exhibiting a structure in the process of transforming into the pyrochlore phase. We conclude that the formation of nano-oxides follows a precipitation sequence in which metastable nanoclusters act as precursors to the pyrochlore-like nano-oxides. Understanding this pathway is crucial, as it not only enables control over oxide distribution (in terms of size and density), but also provides insights into the formation of interface structure, which governs point defect and helium trapping. Moreover, it contributes to understanding the irradiation resistance of nano-oxides, since nanoclusters may be more resistant than pyrochlores, or vice versa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102673"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning assisted serial sectioning to enable rapid 3D crack network reconstruction","authors":"A. Stubbers ,&nbsp;E. Solano-Castrejon ,&nbsp;B. Swartley ,&nbsp;S. Durkee ,&nbsp;E. Schwind ,&nbsp;A. Ramírez-Acosta ,&nbsp;C.R. Weinberger ,&nbsp;O.A. Graeve ,&nbsp;M.S. García-Vázquez ,&nbsp;G.B. Thompson","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Serial sectioning enables 3D reconstruction of microstructures, providing detailed characterization and insight into processing–structure–property relationships. However, collecting serial section data is time-consuming because many images are required to create reliable reconstructions. In this paper, we investigate the application of machine learning to interpolate intermediate images between reference images, enabling larger cut depths and reducing the total number of collected images. Thus, increasing serial sectioning efficiency and accessibility. Specifically, we describe serial sectioning and a convolutional neural network (CNN) approach with fine-tuning to interpolate crack networks in ζ-Ta₄C_3-<em>_x</em>. The accuracy of CNN-assisted serial sectioning datasets was evaluated using direct image comparison and crack surface area. Two crack types (planar and kinking) were identified to assess the specific capacity of the CNN to recreate complex ζ-Ta₄C_3-<em>_x</em> cracking environments. Results showed that the CNN-generated whole image error was 0.98% with a window size of 129 images and a corresponding cut depth of 3.84 µm. These findings suggest that the serial sectioning time could be reduced by up to 96% with minimal loss in accuracy. By significantly decreasing data collection time, this approach makes serial sectioning more practical for materials characterization and enhances our ability to study material structure and performance at the microscale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102661"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction characteristics between {332}<113> twinning and grain boundaries in Ti-15Mo alloy","authors":"Senzhen Wang,&nbsp;Chongchen Xiang,&nbsp;Zijian Wang,&nbsp;Hanlin Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interaction between {332}&lt;113&gt; twins and grain boundaries with different misorientation is frequently observed in slightly deformed metastable beta Titanium alloys. However, grain-boundary misorientation alone does not uniquely determine the interaction outcome: transmission is frequent at low misorientations, whereas at higher misorientations the availability of a sufficiently driven outgoing-twin variant becomes critical. A comprehensive study of Ti-15Mo has revealed that possible twinning variants in neighboring grains, along with corresponding geometric compatibility factors (<span><math><msup><mi>m</mi><mo>′</mo></msup></math></span>) and the Schmidt factors play an important role in twin transmission. Higher values of <span><math><msup><mi>m</mi><mo>′</mo></msup></math></span> and the Schmid factor facilitate twin transmission. Besides, <span><math><msup><mi>m</mi><mo>′</mo></msup></math></span> and the Schmidt factor demonstrate a relationship with grain boundary misorientation. As the misorientation of the grain boundary increases, a decrease in <span><math><msup><mi>m</mi><mo>′</mo></msup></math></span> results in a requirement of higher Schmid factor (above 0.3) for outgoing twinning to facilitate twin transmission. Observation have revealed that the interaction between twinning and large angle grain boundaries can induce dislocation slip on the opposite side of the grain boundary. To further investigate the causes of twin transmission and twin blocking, a composite Schmid factor, which combines the Schmid factor and geometric compatibility factor was applied in this work. The final statistical analysis shows that the discrepancies in outgoing twins' Schmid factors predominantly contribute to the differing outcomes in {332}&lt;113&gt; twin-grain interaction and higher Schmid factor promote twin transmission, particularly at high angle grain boundaries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102693"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147420689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterisation of MX precipitate density and irradiation hardening in advanced reduced-activation ferritic-martensitic fusion steels","authors":"James S.K.L. Gibson ,&nbsp;Alex Carruthers ,&nbsp;Benjamin R.S. Evans ,&nbsp;Jack Haley ,&nbsp;Slava Kuksenko ,&nbsp;Kay Song ,&nbsp;Luke Hewitt ,&nbsp;Stephen Jones ,&nbsp;Shahin Mehraban ,&nbsp;Nicholas Lavery ,&nbsp;David Bowden","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102635","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102635","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reduced activation ferritic-martensitic (RAFM) steels are a recent class of radiation-resistant steels designed for the structural components of power-producing fusion reactors. In this work an advanced (A)RAFM steel has been developed with superior radiation hardening resistance with respect to the EUROFER-97 upon which it was based.</div><div>4D-STEM (scanning transmission electron microscopy) has been combined with a novel processing methodology to visualise all the fine MX precipitates that led to this outstanding radiation hardening resistance and determine a precipitate density of 5 × 10²² m^-3.</div><div>Self-ion irradiation campaigns up to 100 dpa at 350 °C show an increase in hardness of only 35 % at 10 dpa where EUROFER-97 exhibits a near-doubling of its hardness. The initial work hardening response, as determined from spherical nanoindentation, is unchanged between the as-received state and irradiation to 100 dpa, implying that the alloy should retain reasonable ductility under these conditions. Proton irradiations at 250 °C, 350 °C, and 400 °C demonstrate that the low temperature hardening embrittlement threshold of the new steel is largely unaffected, increasing by only ∼50 °C with respect to EUROFER-97.</div><div>A refinement of alloy chemistry and a subsequent modification of the thermomechanical treatments to favour MX precipitates is therefore a very promising strategy for the further development of fusion steels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102635"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145841450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose-dependent evolution of dislocation structures and bubble formation in He irradiated Fe-Cr epitaxial film","authors":"Jijo Christudasjustus ,&nbsp;Kayla Yano ,&nbsp;Minju Choi ,&nbsp;Mark Bowden ,&nbsp;Tanvi Ajantiwalay ,&nbsp;Vaithiyalingam Shutthanandan ,&nbsp;Danny J. Edwards ,&nbsp;Peter Hosemann ,&nbsp;Daniel Schreiber ,&nbsp;Tiffany C. Kaspar","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Irradiation-induced damage in fusion and fission environments drives complex microstructural changes in structural materials, critically influencing their performance under extreme conditions. Our approach to investigate irradiation-induced microstructural evolution employs a well-defined material structure that allows for a precise assessment of He-induced bubbles and defects. In this study, a 100 nm Fe-8Cr epitaxial film was synthesized on MgO (001) substrate using molecular beam epitaxy, resulting in a grain boundary-free microstructure. The Fe-8Cr alloy film was subsequently irradiated at room temperature with 30 keV He⁺ at fluences of 1.7 × 10¹⁶ and 1.7 × 10¹⁷ ions/cm², corresponding to peak-damages of 0.5 and 5 displacements per atom (dpa), respectively. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy revealed swelling of 2.7% for 0.5 dpa and 8.1% for 5 dpa. The defect morphology evolved from isolated dislocation loops primarily oriented along &lt;111&gt; at low fluence to complex dislocation structures at high fluence. Notably, smaller bubbles with low number density were observed at lower fluence, whereas larger bubbles with higher number density developed at higher fluence, coinciding with the formation of an extensive dislocation network. These results provide fundamental insights into the dose-dependent microstructural evolution of Fe-8Cr alloys under irradiation, offering a foundation for understanding defect interactions in model ferritic systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102657"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global sensitivity analysis for microstructural features to variability in elemental concentration of additively manufactured alloy 718","authors":"Hasan Al Jame ,&nbsp;Jiayun Shao ,&nbsp;Jixuan Dong ,&nbsp;Pranav Karve ,&nbsp;Kyle Mumm ,&nbsp;Bryan A. Webler ,&nbsp;Anthony D. Rollett ,&nbsp;Sankaran Mahadevan ,&nbsp;Tao Sun ,&nbsp;S. Mohadeseh Taheri-Mousavi","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alloy 718 (UNS N07718) is a widely utilized additively manufacturable superalloy for extreme-temperature applications for its superior mechanical properties. However, laser powder bed fusion of alloy 718 can exhibit yield strength variability of almost 400 MPa. Compositional variation during processing is one of the critical driving factors for such variation. Here, we combined validated calculation of phase diagrams (CALPHAD)-based integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) techniques to simulate microstructural features in as-built and fully-aged equilibrium conditions at 650 °C (service temperature) of alloy 718. To initially validate the simulations, predicted phase fractions were benchmarked against high-energy X-ray diffraction data of multiple vendor-sourced alloy 718 samples and literature data, showing strong agreement. The strengthening phases γ′ and γ″, exhibit substantial variation (∼18 and 14 mole %, respectively), despite the elemental concentrations being adjusted within standardized ranges. Surrogate models were developed to conduct global sensitivity analysis using Sobol’ indices to identify the key elements contributing to overall phase % variabilities. Al emerged as the most influential element, with a 1.29 mole % of variation accounting for 86.24 % of γ′ phase % variability in aged condition. Remarkably, γ″, despite being Nb-based phase, showed significantly higher sensitivity (85.55 %) to Al than Nb. Our investigation revealed that increasing Al% lowers the γ″ solvus temperature, thus destabilizes it, and also suppresses its precipitation by significantly reducing Nb mobility in the matrix. By quantifying the sensitivity of phase fractions governing properties to compositional variability, this study offers critical guidelines for designing and certifying robust, reliable alloys by controlling compositions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102630"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoprecipitates-strengthened Fe-Co-V-Cu magnetic alloys","authors":"Jianjie Du,&nbsp;Ximing Jin,&nbsp;Qijia Yu,&nbsp;Boying Qiao,&nbsp;Jingmin Wang,&nbsp;Jinghua Liu,&nbsp;Chengbao Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2026.102705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of high-strength Fe-Co-based magnetic alloys is of great significance for advancing applications such as high-speed rotors. Previous studies have primarily achieved matrix strengthening through alloying high-melting-point and rare elements (e.g., Nb, W, Cr, etc.) that form micro- or sub-micron precipitates. In this work, we report, for the first time, nanoheterogeneous Fe-Co-V-Cu alloys reinforced by Cu-rich nanoprecipitates, a design concept rooted in the immiscibility of the common element Cu with other constituent elements. With Cu addition, the number density of face-centered cubic (FCC) nanoprecipitates which exhibit a size range of 20–50 nm—increases significantly, particularly when the Cu content exceeds 3 at.%. In contrast, the matrix retains its low-ordered body-centered cubic (BCC) structure, with no substantial changes observed in grain size. This structural modification exerts only a minor adverse effect (∼1%) on key magnetic parameters including Curie temperature and saturation magnetization, while simultaneously enhancing mechanical properties such as tensile yield strength and ultimate tensile strength. Mechanical testing results indicate that as the Cu content increases from 0 to 5 at.%, the tensile yield strength and tensile fracture strength are significantly increased by 84% and 51%, respectively. This strengthening effect primarily arises from precipitation hardening induced by the nanoprecipitates, which impede dislocation slips and promote the formation of dislocation networks and pileups. This study demonstrates the significant strengthening efficacy of nanoprecipitate in Fe-Co-based magnetic alloys and highlights the considerable potential of alloying the common element Cu for developing high-strength Fe-Co-based alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 102705"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147420624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}