Materialia最新文献

{"title":"Spatial gap solitons due to photonic lattices in photorefractive SBN crystals: An ab initio investigation","authors":"Aavishkar Katti ,&nbsp;Rakesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Nitesh K. Chourasia ,&nbsp;Draupath Umesh ,&nbsp;Ritesh K. Chourasia","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This manuscript presents the results of the first-principles calculations revealing the suitable candidature of strontium barium niobate (SBN) photorefractive crystals using globally accepted WIEN2k codes. These computations confirm the good candidature of SBN crystals for photorefractive nonlinear optics and the ensuing applications. Using the DOS, band structure, and optical investigations, these first principle computations address bandgap creation and estimate, directional-dependent refractive index calculation, and absorption coefficient estimation. Optical spatial gap solitons in SBN photorefractive media with Pockel's nonlinearity and an embedded photonic lattice have been the subject of further inquiry. We have setup and solved the paraxial Helmholtz equation along with the imprinted photonic lattice in SBN crystals. We have, for the first time uncovered the existence of many different types of single hump, double hump, and multi hump gap solitons across both the finite band gaps. Multi hump solitons found to exist are of both anti-symmetric and symmetric type with two distinct profiles being seen for the anti-symmetric multihump solitons across both band gaps. Stability of the solitons with respect to small perturbations has been studied in case of each type of soliton solution. Linear stability analysis reveals that all types of gap solitons, including the single hump, double hump and multi hump solitons are stable across both the first and second finite band gap which is quite a significant and novel finding. The linear stability analysis is duly confirmed by direct propagation simulations undertaken using the finite difference beam propagation method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 102447"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macrophage-mediated control of implant-associated biofilms in a three-dimensional human oral mucosa model","authors":"Shuli Chen ,&nbsp;Muhammad Imran Rahim ,&nbsp;Carina Mikolai ,&nbsp;Daniela Paasch ,&nbsp;Andreas Winkel ,&nbsp;Katharina Doll-Nikutta ,&nbsp;Nico Lachmann ,&nbsp;Henning Menzel ,&nbsp;Dagmar Wirth ,&nbsp;Hansjörg Hauser ,&nbsp;Meike Stiesch","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Macrophages are pivotal in regulating inflammation and facilitating pathogen clearance, particularly in peri-implant environments prone to biofilm infections. For a better understanding of the role of these immune cells in host-biofilm-implant interactions, we developed a complex three-dimensional (3D) implant-tissue-oral-bacterial-biofilm model (INTER_bACT) with integrated macrophages to mimic the intricate triangular interactions between implant materials, biofilms, and the host, in conditions simulating the <em>in vivo</em> environment. The INTER_bACT model includes a peri-implant mucosa with collagen-embedded fibroblasts and macrophages, overlaid with a multi-layered oral epithelium, as well as a multi-species biofilm. Histological analysis demonstrated a preserved peri-implant architecture with high cell viability. Co-cultivation with multi-species biofilms provided valuable insights into macrophage roles in pathogen defence and inflammation regulation. In tissues lacking macrophages, biofilm exposure led to compromised epithelial integrity, whereas macrophage-containing tissues maintained their epithelial structure. Macrophages significantly reduced the biofilm biomass while promoting bacterial death. Inflammatory cytokine levels elevated under sterile conditions decreased upon biofilm exposure, suggesting a biofilm-mediated immune suppression. Cytokine expression levels differentially reacted to biofilm exposure and macrophage concentration, with IL-1β and IL-17 levels notably elevated in biofilm-exposed tissues, aligning with clinical observations of peri-implant inflammation. Our findings demonstrate that the INTER_bACT model, after incorporation of macrophages, serves as a physiologically relevant platform for studying host-pathogen dynamics and allows to identify key inflammatory markers associated with biofilm-related complications. Furthermore, this model holds significant potential for evaluating novel therapeutic strategies, such as sensor-actuator systems to detect and combat pathogenic biofilms, improving clinical outcomes in peri-implantitis management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 102452"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144168458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of selective laser sintering process parameters for phenolic thermoset composites using X-ray CT analysis","authors":"Jairam Raigar ,&nbsp;Rajkumar Velu ,&nbsp;Ashish Kumar Agrawal ,&nbsp;Hadi Bakhshi","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) is a versatile additive manufacturing technique known for its ability to produce complex and intricate geometries without support structures using various materials. However, achieving the desired isotropic mechanical properties and dimensional accuracy remains challenging with existing thermoplastic polymers. To address these challenges, thermosetting polymers are found to be a suitable option owing to the formation of strong interlayer covalent bonding in three-dimensional (3D) molecular structures at lower temperatures (∼70–80 °C). This study investigates the SLS processing and optimization of phenolic thermoset composites using X-ray computed tomography (XCT) analysis. Phenol-formaldehyde (PF) thermosetting powder was formulated with organic/inorganic fillers and Polyamide 12 (PA12) in five different weight proportions (10wt %-50wt %). XCT was employed as a non-destructive characterization tool to analyse the internal material structure and porosity in the SLS-fabricated samples. By systematically varying the process parameters, mainly laser power and scanning speeds, insights into the effect of these parameters on powder consolidation and porosity are gained. Advanced image processing techniques are utilized to quantify pore size and distribution within the microstructure of printed parts. The XCT-generated porosity data and flexural mechanical strength resulted in 30/70 PA12/PF as an optimal composition (at 8 W laser power and 250 mm/s scan speed) and demonstrated the multi-stage post-curing reduces porosity by 8–10 % while improving flexural strength by 14–16 % due to enhanced crosslinking and formation of interpenetrating polymer network structure. This non-destructive optimization approach elucidates the relationship between process parameters and part quality of SLS 3D printed phenolic thermoset composites, proposing strategies to enhance the performance and reliability of manufactured components for various high-performance applications such as aerospace, biomedical, and energy fuel cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 102451"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144223405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of interfacial intermetallic layers in steel-aluminum joints: Thermodynamic and adhesion perspectives","authors":"Shadab Sarmast-Ghahfarokhi ,&nbsp;Vladimir Yasnogorodski ,&nbsp;Y. Norman Zhou ,&nbsp;Michael J. Benoit","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dissimilar welding of zinc-coated steel to aluminum has long posed significant challenges due to differences in melting points, and the limited solubility of iron in aluminum. Traditional fusion welding often results in the formation of thick, brittle intermetallic compounds (IMCs) at the interface, compromising joint integrity. Weld-brazing reduces these issues by utilizing lower heat inputs, thereby reducing IMC thickness and minimizing the risk of zinc coating evaporation. However, despite studies on the weld-brazed steel-to-aluminum joints, the exact role of interfacial IMC layers, along with the influence of alloying elements on the thermodynamic formation and adhesion properties of IMC layers, remains underexplored, contributing to the ongoing challenges in dissimilar weld-brazing of steel to aluminum. This study investigates the thermodynamic formation of interfacial layers at steel-aluminum interfaces, emphasizing their adhesion properties, morphology, and composition. The analysis highlights how these interfacial characteristics influence the failure behavior of joints in two zinc-coated steel systems: galvanized (GI) and ZnAlMg (ZAM) coatings. The study identified differences in the composition and morphology of IMC layers at horizontal and vertical interfaces, with the vertical interface considered as a critical failure region under shear-tensile loading. The results showed a higher peak load in GI-coated joints compared to those with ZnAlMg coating, which was attributed to differences in the morphology, thickness, and composition of the interfacial layers. This study underscores the critical influence of zinc coating composition on the mechanical performance of weld-brazed joints and provides insights that could improve the reliability of steel-aluminum joints in the automotive industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 102450"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144195636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liquid metal/boron nitride thermal grease with optimized thermal conductivity and non-corrosive properties through interfacial modification","authors":"Jiageng Yao ,&nbsp;Yongguang Yu ,&nbsp;Xiaoyao Zhou ,&nbsp;Danyang Cao,&nbsp;Jiahua Zhu,&nbsp;Liwen Mu","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rise of electronic technologies, chip heat dissipation has become a critical challenge, spurring the need for advanced thermal interface materials. In this study, we developed a novel composite material by integrating boron nitride (BN) with liquid metal (LM) through surface modification using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and silane coupling agent (KH590). This modification enables the effective attachment of BN to the LM surface, forming a continuous thermal channel. When combined with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), KLM/BN@PVP/PDMS composite achieves a high thermal conductivity of 1.5 W/(m·K) and a low interfacial thermal resistance of 0.001565 (m²·K)/W. Importantly, the incorporation of BN not only reduces the fluidity of LM but also prevents LM from corroding aluminum substrates, ensuring the material's safety and stability. This innovative composite offers a promising solution to the heat dissipation challenges faced by electronic devices such as CPUs, GPUs, and LEDs, making it highly valuable for practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 102446"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From slag to structure: Formation of novel iron oxalate crystals via Cyrene™-driven microwave chemistry","authors":"Limor Ben Neon ,&nbsp;Aurelien Lebrun ,&nbsp;Eddy Petit ,&nbsp;Anne Julbe","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Moving towards a circular economy, upgrading industrial waste products rich in metals and minerals into valuable materials essential for digital devices, catalysis, and environmental remediation is a key step. The procedures must be eco-friendly, efficient, and yield high production rates. In this work, we propose a microwave-assisted conversion process that transforms iron-rich oxide products (e.g., Fe₂O₃, Fe₃O₄) into long iron oxalate crystals with mixed oxidation states using a green solvent mixture of water and Cyrene^MT – a bio-derived solvent. Results show that an equal volume fraction of water and Cyrene^MT enables uniform crystal growth with an average length of 71.5 ± 10.5 µm while achieving high conversion yields. The procedure is time- and energy-efficient, environmentally friendly, and potentially applicable to a wide range of industrial residues, as demonstrated in this work for steel slag.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 102443"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144168526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying microstructural heterogeneity and its link to dynamic fragility in CuZr metallic glasses","authors":"Saihua Liu,&nbsp;Xiuwei yao,&nbsp;Minhua Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The absence of effective parameters to describe structural heterogeneity impedes the investigation into its correlation with the physical properties of materials. Here, we introduce the use of Moran's index, typically employed in geographical studies to characterize spatial heterogeneity, for the depiction of structural heterogeneity in metallic glasses. By employing molecular dynamics simulations in conjunction with Moran's index, we quantitatively assess the degree of microstructural heterogeneity in Cu50Zr50 and Cu64Zr36 metallic glasses and examine its connection to dynamic fragility. Our findings reveal that the spatial structural heterogeneity in the Cu50Zr50 system is significantly lower than that in the Cu64Zr36 system, with a more gradual decrease observed as temperature is reduced, suggesting that Cu50Zr50 possesses a more stable liquid structure. Our study indicates that lower levels of heterogeneity and a diminished temperature dependence of this heterogeneity correlate with stronger dynamic fragility. Furthermore, our methodology demonstrates the potential to be an effective tool for elucidating structural heterogeneity in metallic glasses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 102442"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alloying and heat treatment effect on a medium-Mn steel","authors":"D.M. Field,&nbsp;D.J. Magagnosc,&nbsp;M.C. Rupinen","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A base 10Mn-0.15C-2Al (in wt. %) steel was sequentially alloyed with Mo, B, V, and Cu to identify the effects of both alloying addition and heat treatment on the microstructure and properties of the steel. The volume fraction and stability of the austenite as influenced by alloy content and intercritical annealing temperature produced the greatest effect on room temperature quasi-static tensile and Charpy V-notch (CVN) impact properties. When CVN testing was performed at -40 °C the impact properties were independent of austenite and produced an average of 74 ± 4 J apart from the Base alloy that had exceptionally low toughness of 28 J at -40 °C. The austenite fractions were shown to be controlled by the thermodynamic stability of the austenite as calculated through the Ghosh-Olson martensite model. Finally, the effect of microstructure on toughness metrics was considered and it was found that increased retained austenite did not always provide increased toughness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 102444"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144184737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A fully human In-vitro model for bone metastasis: potential of an electrospun scaffold as alternative to biological materials for osteoblast/osteoclast differentiation","authors":"Jesus G. Nieves ,&nbsp;Sarah L. Nietzer ,&nbsp;Laura Lechner ,&nbsp;Tobias Weigel ,&nbsp;Lisa Bauer ,&nbsp;Katharina Fuchs ,&nbsp;Caroline Remmert ,&nbsp;Evelyn Putz ,&nbsp;Sabine Kuhn ,&nbsp;Michael Hudecek ,&nbsp;Maximilian Rudert ,&nbsp;Rita Pereira ,&nbsp;Jovana Ilić ,&nbsp;Marietta Herrmann ,&nbsp;Regina Ebert ,&nbsp;Gudrun Dandekar ,&nbsp;Sanjana Mathew-Schmitt","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of bone metastases poses a clinical challenge for patients with malignancies originating from diverse organs, including lungs, prostate, and breast. These metastatic events correlate with a poorer prognosis, and treatments are predominantly palliative. Furthermore, traditional <em>in-vivo</em> models for bone metastasis research have limitations, primarily due to species-specific differences. Therefore, we sought an alternative <em>in-vitro</em> model that is human cell based, robust and capable of a relatively quick establishment. Initially, we studied the potential of a decellularized porcine jejunum scaffold named Small Intestinal Submucosa with mucosa (SISmuc) and compared it to decellularized human bone and two synthetic scaffolds. We assessed various parameters related to osteoblast differentiation such as calcification, collagen I protein expression, and further differentiation to mature osteocytes indicated by sclerostin protein expression. The synthetic electrospun matrix demonstrated to be a good alternative to SISmuc, particularly when combined with bioactive glass 45S5, which enhanced calcification. We also incorporated osteoclasts into our model and demonstrated that monocytes could be more effectively differentiated into osteoclasts in a 3D environment compared to traditional 2D cultures. Within seven weeks, we successfully generate an <em>in-vitro</em> model incorporating osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and tumor cells. As a potential strategy for treating bone metastases, we found Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cells within lung and pancreatic bone metastasis models to be effective in reducing the number of tumor cells and inducing apoptosis. This innovative research establishes a foundation for more sophisticated 3D <em>in-vitro</em> models of bone metastasis, holding significant promise for advancing preclinical cancer research and therapeutic strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 102440"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144223436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monolithic copper-doped carbonated apatite synthesized at low-temperature exhibits in vitro antibacterial effect and in vivo bone regenerative properties","authors":"Pery Freitas,&nbsp;Janice Lay Tin Tan,&nbsp;Kunio Ishikawa","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Copper (Cu) is a promising dopant for synthetic bone substitutes due to its antibacterial and pro-angiogenic properties. In this study, we synthesized monolithic carbonated apatite (CO₃Ap) doped with Cu²⁺ ions using a low-temperature dissolution-precipitation approach, avoiding high-temperature processing and phase decomposition. The resulting Cu-CO₃Ap scaffolds retained a single-phase apatitic structure and exhibited compositional homogeneity, low crystallinity, and interconnected porosity. The highest Cu content (4.45 ± 0.56 mass %) achieved ∼95 % <em>in vitro</em> bacterial growth inhibition against <em>Staphylococcus epidermidis. In vivo</em> implantation in rabbit femoral defects demonstrated comparable bone regeneration between undoped and Cu-doped CO₃Ap groups, confirming biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. These findings suggest that low-temperature Cu incorporation into CO₃Ap enables the development of antibacterial bone scaffolds without compromising regenerative potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 102441"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}