{"title":"Investigation of microstructural evolution and carbon redistribution in ausformed nanostructured bainitic steel via 3D atom probe tomography and its structure-property relationship","authors":"Abhinesh Verma , Shahriar Reza , Sumit Ghosh , Nagini Macha , Khushboo Rakha","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermomechanical treatment is an important method to refine the microstructure and accelerate the kinetics of phase transformations in steels. In this study, different ausforming strains as 7 %, 15 %, 30 %, and 60 % were used to ausform steel samples at 570 °C temperature followed by isothermal holding at 350 °C for 10 days. X-ray diffraction was used to analyse the different phases present after thermomechanical treatment. Long isothermal holding for 10 days was used to develop a fully nanostructured bainitic microstructure consisting of bainitic ferrite and retained austenite films. Refinement of bainitic laths was observed with an increase in deformation strain. Atom probe tomography was further employed to study the carbon redistribution in the form of solid solution, clusters, segregation, and precipitation in a sample ausformed at 570 °C with 7 % strain. Atomic clustering was observed and quantified for the first time inside bainitic ferrite laths in nanostructured bainite, due to the dislocation substructure formed inside austenite as a result of ausforming. The maximum carbon content found in nano-scale particles was found to be 14.13 atomic % establishing the presence of clusters. The effect of ausforming on microstructural evolution, austenite stabilization, and carbon redistribution has been presented systematically in this work.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 102342"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143171421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of different dosages of e-beam irradiation on mechanical strength of vitamin E-blended ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene and the osteolytic activities of its wear debris","authors":"Junki Shiota , Daisuke Takahashi , Liyile Chen , Shunichi Yokota , Tomoyo Yutani , Hend Alhasan , Tsutomu Endo , Tomohiro Sugimoto , Keita Uetsuki , M Alaa Terkawi , Norimasa Iwasaki","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global medical implant manufacturing has been extensively focused on the development of materials with high mechanical strength, fatigue resistance and reduced biologically osteolytic activity in vivo. Electron beam (e-beam) irradiation has been widely used for creating a highly crosslinked vitamin E blended UHMWPE. Here, we evaluated the mechanical properties of VE-UHMWPE irradiated by e-beam with dosages of 150 and 300 kGy, and the biological responses to the material wear debris. Oxidation index values for VE-UHMWPE irradiated by 300 kGy were significantly higher than these irradiated by 150 kGy. Although VE-UHMWPE irradiated by 300 kGy exhibited significantly reduced values of the impact strength values and elongation as compared to these irradiated by 150 kG, wear productions in hip simulator test were comparable in both types of VE-UHMWPE. Furthermore, both types of VE-UHMWPE particles induced comparable inflammatory responses and osteolytic activities in vitro and in vivo. The better mechanical properties of 150-irradiated VE-UHMWPE suggest that this dosage is appropriate for crosslinking UHMWPE material of the prostheses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 102345"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MaterialiaPub Date : 2025-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102344
Lucas Varoto , Tristan Lenoir , Alexandre Margueret , Béchir Chéhab , Jean-Jacques Blandin , Pierre Lhuissier , Guilhem Martin
{"title":"Microstructure formation of a new Al-4Mn-3Ni-2Cu-1Zr aluminium alloy during electron beam powder bed fusion","authors":"Lucas Varoto , Tristan Lenoir , Alexandre Margueret , Béchir Chéhab , Jean-Jacques Blandin , Pierre Lhuissier , Guilhem Martin","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There are only a limited number of studies devoted to the investigation of the processing and microstructure of high strength aluminium alloys fabricated by EB-PBF in comparison with laser beam powder bed fusion (LB-PBF). Most of the studies were conducted using existing grades. Herein, we investigate the processability and the microstructure of a new Al-4Mn-3Ni-2Cu-1Zr alloy fabricated by EB-PBF. Dense crack-free samples are produced with a relative density ≥ 99.7 % measured using X-ray computed tomography (XCT). The microstructure is found to be relatively homogeneous along the build direction except in the topmost layer and consists of equiaxed grains with a size ≤5 µm. The equiaxed grains are correlated to the presence of L1<sub>2</sub>-Al<sub>3</sub>Zr cubic-shaped precipitates. Those primary precipitates promote the heterogeneous nucleation of Al grains because of the low misfit in lattice parameter between the Al FCC phase and the ordered FCC L1<sub>2</sub>-Al<sub>3</sub>Zr phase. The microstructure is decorated by a large fraction of intermetallic particles, nearly 20 %. As many as four different intermetallics were identified by correlating the X-ray diffraction analysis with elemental mapping using energy dispersive spectroscopy. Observations conducted in the topmost layer provide key pieces of information to shed light on the microstructure formation during EB-PBF. The hardness gradient revealed when approaching the top layers is attributed to the progressive depletion in Mn of the supersaturated solid solution inherited from solidification due to the intrinsic heat treatment undergone by the sample during EB-PBF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 102344"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143171425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Formation of micro-pillars on W by He plasma irradiation with N2/Ar impurities","authors":"Rongshi Zhang , Shin Kajita , Dogyun Hwangbo , Hirohiko Tanaka , Yuta Yamamoto , Noriyasu Ohno","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tungsten samples were exposed to helium plasma with additional nitrogen and argon impurity gases. As a result, microscale pillar-like structures formed on the tungsten surface under similar conditions where nanotendril bundles can be formed. This study summarizes the condition under which those pillar-like structures form. The surface morphology and height profile were observed, and the field emission properties of the W sample with the pillar-like structure were analyzed. The possible formation mechanism of these structures was discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 102341"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143171391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MaterialiaPub Date : 2025-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102329
Abu Bakar , Muhammad Shahbaz , A. Afaq
{"title":"A first-principles investigation of structural, dynamical, electronic and phonon-mediated superconducting properties of B3-TMCs (TM=Pd, Pt) using local, semilocal, and nonlocal functionals","authors":"Abu Bakar , Muhammad Shahbaz , A. Afaq","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The density functional theory was employed to study the structure, electronic bands, phonon spectrum, and electron–phonon interactions in PdC and PtC. The functionals like PW (Perdew-Wang), a local density approximation (LDA), PBE (Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof), a generalized gradient approximation (GGA), along with the nonlocal functionals, rVV10 and vdW-DF3 that include long range electron–electron correlations in the GGA type functionals, were applied to contrast their performances for the said properties. The absence of negative phonon frequencies predicts the dynamical stability of B3 phase of PdC and PtC. The electronic bands from different methods, if corrected for the constant difference of Fermi energies, show an overwhelming agreement for both materials. Nonetheless, the phonon dispersion curves manifest relatively significant differences in the entire Brillouin Zone. The two materials also manifest low-temperature superconductivity in the B3 phase. The acoustic phonons play a predominant role, up to 88% for PdC and 93% for PtC in electron–phonon coupling. The optical phonons give rise to a minor but appreciable part of <span><math><mi>λ</mi></math></span>, up to 20% for PdC and 24% for PtC. Furthermore, vdW-DF3 leads to a value of <span><math><mi>λ</mi></math></span> larger than 1.5 and, consequently, the superconducting transition temperature was calculated with the modified Allen–Dynes equation. It turns out that rVV10 gives the closest agreement with the experimental lattice constant for PtC. Furthermore, vdW-DF3, another nonlocal functional, results in a significant enhancement of <span><math><mi>λ</mi></math></span>, and, hence, the superconducting transition temperatures for both the materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 102329"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143171419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MaterialiaPub Date : 2025-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102337
L.M. Volkova
{"title":"Structurally induced magnetic transitions in layered dichalcogenides MoQ2 (Q = S, Se, Te) and double hydroxides (M2+)6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](SO4)2 6H2O (M2+ = Mn2+, Fe2+) under mechanical deformation","authors":"L.M. Volkova","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exploring how mechanical strain can modify the magnetic properties of low-dimensional structures is one of the priorities of straintronics, an area in condensed matter physics. It has been proven by calculating the parameters of magnetic interactions Jij and developing structural/magnetic models of the layered dichalcogenides MoS<sub>2</sub>, MoSe<sub>2</sub>, MoTe<sub>2</sub> and layered double hydroxides (M<sup>2+</sup>)<sub>6</sub>Al<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>18</sub>[Na(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>](SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> 6H2O (M<sup>2+</sup> = Mn<sup>2+</sup>, Fe<sup>2+</sup>) with a grapheme type structure that magnetic interactions are responsive to the mechanical deformation of their crystal structure. As turned out, the ions in these antiferromagnetic materials are situated in the hexagonal planes close to critical positions. We have thus demonstrated that the fluctuations of the intermediate ions near critical positions due to mechanical strain cause dramatic changes to the magnetic parameters and allow the magnetic properties to be modified by mechanical strain. To be sure, an abundant class of new 2D materials transition-metal-based double hydroxides, whose properties are similar to those of molybdenum-based chalcogenides have promise as materials to be used in straintronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 102337"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MaterialiaPub Date : 2025-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102332
Mrinalini Mulukutla , Robert Robinson , Danial Khatamsaz , Brent Vela , Trevor Hastings , Nhu Vu , Raymundo Arróyave
{"title":"Supply risk-aware alloy discovery and design: A case study on the MoNbTiVW system","authors":"Mrinalini Mulukutla , Robert Robinson , Danial Khatamsaz , Brent Vela , Trevor Hastings , Nhu Vu , Raymundo Arróyave","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Materials design is a critical driver of innovation, yet overlooking the technological, economic, and environmental risks inherent in materials and their supply chains can lead to unsustainable and risk-prone solutions. To address this, we present a novel risk-aware design approach that integrates <em>Supply-Chain Aware Design Strategies</em> into the materials development process. This approach leverages existing language models and text analysis to develop a specialized model for predicting materials feedstock supply risk indices. To efficiently navigate the multi-objective, multi-constraint design space, we employ Batch Bayesian Optimization (BBO), enabling the identification of Pareto-optimal high entropy alloys (HEAs) that balance performance objectives with minimized supply risk. A case study using the MoNbTiVW system demonstrates the efficacy of our approach in four scenarios, highlighting the significant impact of incorporating supply risk into the design process. By optimizing for both performance and supply risk, we ensure that the developed alloys are not only high-performing but also sustainable and economically viable. This integrated approach represents a critical step toward a future where materials discovery and design seamlessly consider sustainability, supply chain dynamics, and comprehensive life cycle analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 102332"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143171423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MaterialiaPub Date : 2025-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102340
Le Zhou , Haijian Yang , Holden Hyer
{"title":"Controlling mechanical properties of laser powder bed fused AlSi10Mg through manipulation of laser scan rotation","authors":"Le Zhou , Haijian Yang , Holden Hyer","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The microstructure and mechanical properties of laser powder bed fused (LPBF) AlSi10Mg alloys can be controlled by many processing parameters. This study focuses on the scan rotation angle, <em>α</em>, between adjacent layers, and establishes the relationship between <em>α</em> and tensile behavior of the as-built LPBF-processed AlSi10Mg alloy. Near-full density cubic coupons were manufactured using the same processing parameters but with systematic variation of <em>α</em> from 0° to 90°. Microscopic observations and X-ray diffraction analysis showed that differences among various coupons mainly include orientations of the melt pools with respect to the build direction and development of the crystallographic texture. The <em>α=0°</em> coupon and <em>α=30°</em> coupon showed the highest and lowest texture index, although the overall crystallographic texture was mild. Tensile specimens were manufactured horizontally and vertically using either <em>α=0°</em> or <em>α=30°</em>, but with various first layer laser direction with respect to the build plate. Notably, the <em>α=0°</em> specimen that was tested along the laser scan direction showed the largest yield strength (283 MPa) and highest tensile ductility (10.1 %). Quantitative image analysis and fractography were performed on all specimens. Results showed that the melt pool orientation with respect to the tensile direction affected the tensile behavior across the different specimens. This was closely related to the localized strain distribution within the melt pool and along the melt pool boundary for the different melt pool orientations observed. These results demonstrate that the laser scan rotation angle between layers can be used to fine tune the mechanical properties of LPBF AlSi10Mg alloy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 102340"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143171424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MaterialiaPub Date : 2025-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102339
Lu Tian , Zhenxing Li , Haobo Sun , Zhaojun Mo , Jun Liu , Guodong Liu , Jun Shen
{"title":"Impact of lattice distortion and vacancies on magnetism and magnetocaloric effect in Ho3BxC4-x compounds for hydrogen liquefaction","authors":"Lu Tian , Zhenxing Li , Haobo Sun , Zhaojun Mo , Jun Liu , Guodong Liu , Jun Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen is increasingly recognized as a clean and sustainable energy carrier, essential for the transition to a low-carbon economy. Efficient storage and transportation of hydrogen necessitate its liquefaction, which requires extremely low temperatures. Traditional hydrogen liquefaction methods, such as the Claude cycle based on Joule-Thomson expansion, are energy-intensive and complex. This study successfully synthesizes Ho<sub>3</sub>B<sub>x</sub>C<sub>4-x</sub> compounds and systematically investigates their crystal structure, electronic structure, magnetic properties, and magnetocaloric effects (MCEs). Through a combination of theoretical calculations and experimental validation, we explore the impact of precise elemental regulation on the magnetocaloric properties of these compounds. Our findings demonstrate that adjusting the boron and carbon content significantly enhances the MCE and effectively controls the magnetic transition temperature. This improvement is attributed to the synergistic effects of lattice distortion, electronic structure modifications, and lattice vacancies. Additionally, varying the carbon content modifies lattice vacancies, further optimizing the magnetic transition temperature. These results present a novel approach for developing sustainable cooling technologies. Furthermore, the tunable elemental composition allows for targeted adjustments to meet specific cooling requirements, thereby broadening the application scope of these materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 102339"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143171392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MaterialiaPub Date : 2025-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102338
Yisheng Zheng , Lilin Xie , Hui Lu , Jixiang Cai , Yadi Zhai , Yanhui Chen , Xiaodong Han
{"title":"Hypergravity promoted mechanical degradation in CuZn alloy","authors":"Yisheng Zheng , Lilin Xie , Hui Lu , Jixiang Cai , Yadi Zhai , Yanhui Chen , Xiaodong Han","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mechanical behavior and properties of materials under extreme conditions have always been the focus of materials science research, as they determine the stability and safety of various application settings. The extreme conditions of the hypergravity environment have long been simplified to conventional stress conditions, and their actual effect on the mechanical behavior and properties of materials remains to be verified. Here we specifically delve into the mechanical properties of CuZn alloys subjected to hypergravity conditions. Notably, we observe a decrease in both modulus of elasticity and hardness as hypergravity stress and gradient stresses intensified. Intriguingly, similar degradations in mechanical properties are evident in CuZn alloys exposed to gradient stresses under normal gravity, deviating from the typical work hardening response under standard stress. This anomalous behavior is proposed to stem from the heightened dislocation mobility facilitated by stress gradients and hypergravity, which subsequently diminishes the dislocation hardening effect. Our findings offer valuable insights into the mechanical behavior of materials under hypergravity, enhancing our comprehension of how materials evolve mechanically in extreme environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 102338"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143171394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}