Materialia最新文献

{"title":"Benchmarking advanced multiphase field modeling of Inconel 625 in additive manufacturing: Correlating powder bed fusion with dendrite growth and crack formation","authors":"Roya Darabi ,&nbsp;João Pedro Oliveira ,&nbsp;Narguess Nemati ,&nbsp;Ana Reis ,&nbsp;Jose Cesar de Sá","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study provides a comprehensive thermomechanical simulation framework and mapping for the Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) process, with a primary focus on melt pool characterization. It also correlates the cooling behavior to the dendrite growth and some induced imperfections, such as crack evolution that stem from segregation at the grain boundaries. Utilizing the Allen-Cahn phase field formulation combined with an elastoplastic material model based on J2 plasticity, simulations are conducted within the finite element structure of the Multi-physics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE). An adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) strategy ensures precise modeling of the solidification front and powder melting during the interaction between the laser heat source and the powder. Key insights are gained from simulations of Inconel 625 thin plates and benchmarks, exploring the effects of temperature and phase changes on melt pool dimensions. A multi-application framework is developed to automatically transfer the temperature and cooling rate behavior of a representative part to the solidification application. The research addresses critical challenges in PBF, such as liquation cracking, and introduces a novel approach for information transfer between parent and child models, particularly for dendrite growth in a surrogate Ni–Nb–Al ternary system. This transfer incorporates solidification data, including temperature gradients and cooling velocities, enabling detailed predictions of low melting phase-induced liquation cracks. Experimental validation through single-track laser melting on Inconel 625 demonstrates reasonable alignment between melt pool dimensions obtained from simulations and experiments under various laser power and scan speed conditions. Additional phase-field simulations predict microstructural segregation and cellular features along melt pool boundaries under changing solidification dynamics, further enriched by the first phase-field model at the melt pool scale. By integrating computational modeling, experimental validation, and multiscale analysis, this work advances the understanding of PBF processes and additive manufacturing, offering insights into melt pool behavior, defect mitigation, and microstructure development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 102384"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strain-induced precipitation behavior of V microalloyed high manganese steel","authors":"Yu-chen Li,&nbsp;Ji-guang Li,&nbsp;Da-zheng Zhang,&nbsp;Qi-hang Pang","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the isothermal precipitation behavior of V(C,N) in V-containing high manganese steel through stress relaxation experiments and TEM analysis. By comparing experimental and theoretical PTT curves, it is shown that deformation shifts the curves left due to stored energy. For 0.1V steel, the PTT curve displays a \"C\" shape with a nose temperature of 830°C and a minimum incubation time of 4.2 s. In 0.2V steel, a \"double-C\" shape emerges, reflecting N-rich and C-rich V(C,N) precipitation. Grain boundaries dominate nucleation, but decreasing temperature increases the driving force, enabling dislocation and rare homogeneous nucleation. Higher V content accelerates precipitation kinetics, yielding more and larger precipitates, enhancing the precipitation potential under similar deformation conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 102392"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-temperature structural instability of 12 % Cr ferritic–martensitic steel irradiated to 53 dpa in the BN-350 fast reactor","authors":"K.V. Tsay ,&nbsp;D.A. Merezhko ,&nbsp;Y.R. Kim ,&nbsp;M.S. Merezhko","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The EP-450 duplex ferritic/martensitic steel (material of an fuel assemblies’ wrapper) was found to suffer from radiation-induced recovery and recrystallization during long-term irradiation (to 53 dpa) with neutrons in the BN-350 reactor at a much lower temperature (410 °C) than tempering ones. This resulted in the structural instability of the phase composition of the steel, involving a decrease in the tempered martensite fraction and the growth of ferritic grains. The microstructure of irradiated steel showed coarsening martensitic laths and the growth of sub-grains, as well as the appearance of coarse ferrite grains with quasi-equilibrium Y-junctions. The driving force of the processes of recovery and recrystallization was the more stressed and defective condition of the TM. Structural rearrangement in steel was performed due to a mass migration of sub-boundaries and sub-grain coalescence, which might be facilitated under irradiation by the presence of fluxes of point defects and a high mobility of dislocations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 102393"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strontium-coating of orthodontic miniscrews provides higher osseointegration – A rat model studied by histology, synchrotron X-ray fluorescence and diffraction imaging","authors":"Natalie Schenz-Spisic ,&nbsp;Thorbjørn E.K. Christensen ,&nbsp;Jonas Palle ,&nbsp;Maja Østergaard ,&nbsp;Maiken Berglund ,&nbsp;Johannes Hubner ,&nbsp;Hannes Huber ,&nbsp;Irene Artioli ,&nbsp;Vincent Offermanns ,&nbsp;Chunying Chen ,&nbsp;Morten Foss ,&nbsp;Adriano G. Crismani ,&nbsp;Henrik Birkedal","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this animal study was to evaluate the osseointegration of loaded strontium-functionalized orthodontic miniscrews (Ti-Sr-O) and the effect of the Sr coating on the elemental composition of the bone as well as the coating's effects on bone mineral size and orientation. Strontium-containing coated (Ti-Sr-O) miniscrews and grade 4 titanium miniscrews (Ti) were inserted into either tibia of thirty male Wistar rats and loaded through a coil spring. After a two-, four- and six-week healing period, specimens were analyzed via histomorphometry to measure bone-to-implant contact (BIC%) and peri‑implant bone formation (BF%) in defined regions of interest (ROI-1; ROI-2). Furthermore, samples were investigated at the P06 synchrotron beamline to simultaneous measure the atomic composition with X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and the crystallite size/orientation with X-ray diffraction (XRD). After two weeks Ti-Sr-O functionalized miniscrews showed significantly more bone formation in ROI-1 than in the control group with Ti miniscrews at the tension (p**=0.005) and compression side (p*=0.018). The investigation by 2D XRF and XRD Mapping with a 0.4 µm beam resulted in multiple significant changes in comparison to the controls. The XRF showed a significant increase in the Sr/Ca level in the peri implant bone, and XRD showed significant changes in degree of orientation of the crystallographic c-axis, and for the apparent crystallite size perpendicular to the crystallographic c direction. These changes depend on the treatment and Sr/Ca level. The results suggest advantageous osseointegration of Sr-coated miniscrews under immediate loading. This resulted in changes in the microscopic organization of the bone biomineral.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 102385"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143824172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced BioS ceramics with integrated optical thermometry for smart scaffolds","authors":"Cláudio Yamamoto Morassuti ,&nbsp;Karina Feliciano Santos ,&nbsp;Gláucia Oliveira Guimarães ,&nbsp;Luis Humberto da Cunha Andrade ,&nbsp;Sandro Márcio Lima ,&nbsp;Jorge Vicente Lopes Silva ,&nbsp;Marco Antônio Sabino ,&nbsp;Fernando Ely ,&nbsp;Juliana Kelmy Macário Barboza Daguano","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study reports the development of a smart scaffold with photothermal properties designed for 3D tissue engineering platforms. BioS scaffolds were fabricated via 3D printing (NS), sintered (S), and analyzed to assess the incorporation and behavior of Egyptian blue (EB) powder within a ceramic matrix. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the successful synthesis of EB. The EB powder was thoroughly characterized for its photothermal properties, exhibiting strong optical absorption and photoluminescence, making it a promising candidate for optical thermometry. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed structural differences between NS- and S-scaffolds following 3D printing. High-temperature sintering of BioS ceramic paste with EB densified the material and potentially induced phase transformations. Micro-computed tomography (µCT) analysis of grain size distribution indicated structural modifications between NS- and S-scaffolds. XRD identified calcium and sodium silicate as the predominant phases, with shifts in EB diffraction peaks after sintering. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed significant surface morphology changes, corroborating the µCT and XRD findings. The near-infrared (NIR) emission band of EB was utilized to develop a novel strategy for a ratiometric fluorescence thermometer based on a single emission band (²B₂g→²B₁ g). The EB powder exhibited a maximum relative sensitivity of 0.45% K^-1 at 293 K, while the NS- and S-scaffolds demonstrated sensitivities of 0.39% K^-1 and 0.30% K^-1, respectively. Hemolysis assays confirmed the hemocompatibility of the scaffolds, with red blood cell lysis below 1%. These findings support the safe application of these smart scaffolds in cell culture and biomedical research. Overall, this study provides new insights into developing a more physiologically relevant environment for <em>in vitro</em> cell culture assays by demonstrating the feasibility of integrating photoluminescent and thermosensitive properties– key features of smart materials–into biocompatible ceramic scaffolds. This approach advances the potential for real-time, <em>in vitro</em> monitoring and evaluation in biomedical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 102386"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic deformation response of maraging steel 250 produced through directed energy deposition: Deformation behavior and constitutive model","authors":"Lulu Guo ,&nbsp;Lina Zhang ,&nbsp;Joel Andersson ,&nbsp;Olanrewaju Ojo","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the dynamic deformation response of maraging steel 250 (MS250) produced through directed energy deposition-arc (DED-Arc) across various strain rates and temperatures, aiming to develop constitutive models for reliable finite element simulations. Analytical transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy are subsequently performed to better understand the effects of microstructure features of DED-Arc built MS250 on their dynamic deformation behaviors. Experimental results reveal the variable thermal softening effects and combined impacts of strain rate and strain on the dynamic mechanical performance of as-deposited specimens. The heat-treated DED-Arc MS250 exhibits the synergistic influences of strain and strain rate, along with joint impacts of temperature and strain rate in its deformation characteristics in high-temperature regimes. Conventional Johnson-Cook models fail to capture these effects, causing discrepancies between predicted and experimental data for as-built and heat-treated DED-Arc MS250 alloys. In contrast, modified Johnson-Cook models tailored for each condition align closely with experimental results. Verification tests conducted under new impact conditions further validate the enhanced predictive capabilities of the modified models. Besides, as-deposited MS250 steel shows inferior flow stress and energy absorption, but post-fabrication heat treatment significantly improves its dynamic mechanical performance. The heat treatment also improves the resistance of heat-treated DED-Arc MS250 steel to forming adiabatic shear bands during room temperature impact tests, in comparison with the as-built condition. This improvement is associated with the formation of nano-sized, coherent, needle-shaped Ni₃Mo precipitates, which balance strength and ductility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 102383"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of hyperglycemia and resveratrol on the processes of implant osseointegration and peri-implant bone remodeling: Revealed by non-linear analysis","authors":"Robert S. Liddell ,&nbsp;Suzette Guo ,&nbsp;Anthony Staibano ,&nbsp;John E. Davies","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hyperglycemia is detrimental to bone healing and quality. Oral administration of resveratrol may have protective effects on bone repair. This study investigated the impact of resveratrol on the bone anchorage of microtopographic or nanotopographic implants placed in the tibiae of hyperglycemic and euglycemic rats.</div><div>Blood glucose, body weight, and implant removal torque were measured. Anchorage during the process of osseointegration, and later bone remodeling, were quantified by fitting a biphasic asymptotic curve. We hypothesized that resveratrol would enhance the process of osseointegration and reverse the detrimental effects of hyperglycemia.</div><div>Hyperglycemic animals had elevated blood sugar levels and reduced weight gain; neither affected by resveratrol. Nanotopographic implant removal torque was increased by 1.2 times (<em>p</em> = 0.0002, 95 % CI [1.1,1.3]) compared to microtopographic implants. At 84 days, linear modeling indicated that the untreated hyperglycemic groups’ removal torque values were half of the untreated euglycemic groups’ (<em>p</em> = 0.0005, 95 % CI [0.3,0.8]). This reduction in anchorage is associated with less virtual distal implant drift. Resveratrol treatment increased anchorage in hyperglycemic rats by 1.8 times (<em>p</em> = 0.005, 95 % CI [1.1,2.8]), returning measurements to euglycemic levels.</div><div>Higher bone anchorage was seen for nanotopographic implants, compared to microtopographic implants during the process of osseointegration, but the nanotopographic surface provided no further advantage during bone remodeling. The hyperglycemic condition significantly reduced bone anchorage at later time points, which was eradicated by resveratrol administration. These results may be explained by hyperglycemia and resveratrol disrupting and recovering microcirculation respectively, indicating that resveratrol affects microcirculation rather than the process of bone remodeling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 102371"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143508595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epitaxial growth mechanism and structural characterization of spinel-type LixMn2O4 electrodes realized via pulsed laser deposition","authors":"S. Sanna ,&nbsp;P. Orgiani ,&nbsp;O. Krymskaya ,&nbsp;D. Di Castro ,&nbsp;A. Galdi ,&nbsp;M. Tkalčević ,&nbsp;C. Aruta ,&nbsp;A. Tebano","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spinel-type lithium manganese oxide (LiMn₂O₄) is considered one of the most promising cathode materials for rechargeable batteries due to its high operating voltage, reduced toxicity, and lower cost compared to cobalt-based cathodes. However, the stability of LiMn₂O₄ is a significant challenge, as it tends to degrade over time, with manganese ion segregation leading to a reduction in battery capacity.</div><div>The crystal structure of Li_xMn₂O₄ is highly dependent on the lithium content (x), and it can exist either in a single-phase or a two-phase form. These structural variations significantly affect the material's electrochemical performance. In this work, we present the growth and structural characterization of Li_xMn₂O₄ thin films, with (x) values of 1 and 0.7, aimed at improving chemical stability and overall performance.</div><div>The epitaxial Li_xMn₂O₄ films were deposited using Pulsed Laser Deposition on different single-crystal substrates, including water-soluble Sr₃Al₂O₆-buffered SrTiO₃(100). Films grown on MgO(001) for both <em>x</em> = 1 and <em>x</em> = 0.7 exhibited excellent crystallographic quality, while films deposited on SrTiO₃(001) showed good quality for <em>x</em> = 1, albeit with a slightly higher mosaic spread compared to those on MgO. Notably, for <em>x</em> = 0.7, a two-phase region was observed on the SrTiO₃ and MgO substrates, where both phases shared the same structure but differed slightly in lattice parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 102382"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editors for Materialia","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2589-1529(25)00054-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2589-1529(25)00054-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 102387"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser-directed energy deposition as a promising dissimilar joining technique: A case study on SS316L and IN718 with CoCrFeNi-based fillers","authors":"Raj Patel ,&nbsp;Shengbiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Dong ,&nbsp;Marcus H. Hansen ,&nbsp;Wen Chen ,&nbsp;Kelvin Y. Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dissimilar metal joining is widely used in the automotive and aerospace industries for weight reduction and alloy integration. In this study, CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) and CoCrFeNi +TiB₂ were employed as fillers to join stainless steel 316 L and Inconel 718 using laser-directed energy deposition (L-DED). The rapid cooling and localized melting in <span>L</span>-DED suppressed intermixing, interdiffusion, and the formation of large brittle intermetallics while leading to negligible heat-affected zone. The addition of TiB₂ microparticles to the CoCrFeNi HEA filler refined the microstructure and improved mechanical properties. TiB₂, acting as a reactive inoculant, decomposed during the process to form Cr-rich and Ti-rich inter-dendritic cellular structures, enhancing the hardness and tensile strength of the weld zone, and the ductility of the joined parts. The combined use of <span>L</span>-DED and reactive inoculants demonstrates the potential to expand material options for dissimilar metal joining, enabling stronger and tougher weld zones for advanced engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 102381"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}