Materialia最新文献

{"title":"Effect of hydrogen on deformation behavior in Ti-Mo and V-Mo precipitate-strengthened steels","authors":"Peng Gong ,&nbsp;Josh Chuter ,&nbsp;Xingzhong Liang ,&nbsp;Tung L. Lee ,&nbsp;Richard Birley ,&nbsp;Dongchen Hu ,&nbsp;Ed Pickering ,&nbsp;Philip J. Withers ,&nbsp;W Mark Rainforth","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent studies show that precipitate-strengthened microalloyed steels offer strong resistance to hydrogen embrittlement due to hydrogen trapping by nanoscale precipitates. This study investigates how these precipitates interact with dislocations under strain, simulating service conditions. Two model steels were used: Ti-Mo steel with coherent (Ti,Mo)C precipitates and V-Mo steel with semi-coherent (V,Mo)C precipitates. Dislocation density was measured during in-situ neutron diffraction tensile tests, with and without hydrogen charging. Hydrogen increased dislocation density before straining but suppressed dislocation multiplication during loading, reducing overall dislocation strengthening, especially in Ti-Mo steel. The Ti-Mo steel showed greater sensitivity to hydrogen, attributed to reversible hydrogen trapping at coherent precipitate interfaces, and a greater increase in dislocation density. In contrast, V-Mo steel exhibited more irreversible trapping and a smaller increase in dislocation density. During tensile testing, with reversible hydrogen released to diffuse, subgrain formation in Ti-Mo steel was restricted, as the higher concentration of diffusible hydrogen suppressed screw dislocation mobility. Consequently, fewer subgrain microstructures were generated, diminishing their effectiveness as barriers to crack propagation in Ti-Mo steel, compared to V-Mo steel. These results highlight the importance of selecting precipitate types that enhance irreversible hydrogen trapping, thereby improving the hydrogen resistance of steels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 102549"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep eutectic solvent nanoparticles for enhanced hyaluronic acid intradermal delivery: Anti-aging and moisturizing effects","authors":"Bo Yang ,&nbsp;Shuang Liang ,&nbsp;Hongtao Han ,&nbsp;Yuesheng Majia ,&nbsp;Jiaheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Gang Zhao ,&nbsp;Chengyu Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the challenge of poor intradermal penetration of hyaluronic acid (HA), researchers applied deep eutectic solvent (DES) technology within a drug delivery system. In this study, supramolecular HA nanoparticles (Supra HA) were successfully prepared by combining HA and decanoic acid-menthol deep eutectic solvent (DAM-DES). The resulting Supra HA nanoparticles exhibited an average particle size of 124 nm and a zeta potential of -35 mV. The intradermal penetration efficacy of Supra HA was 2.26 times greater than that of GTCC HA. Furthermore, Supra HA significantly increased type I collagen synthesis in fibroblasts by 54.0 % and reduced MMP-1 secretion by 57.4 %, demonstrating anti-wrinkle and skin-tightening effects. Under identical conditions, Supra HA enhanced the synthesis of the FLG gene and AQP3 protein in keratinocytes by 55 % and 227.4 %, respectively, indicating skin barrier repair and moisturizing effects. Human clinical trials demonstrated that 28-day application of Supra HA significantly enhanced skin hydration (13.3 % increace), with concurrent improvements in skin elasticity (21.3 % increase), firmness (21.9 % elevation), and wrinkle reduction (20.1 % decrease in count and 23.3 % reduction in area). Collectively, these findings indicate that the utilization of deep eutectic solvents in hyaluronic acid delivery systems facilitates transdermal permeation, thereby contributing to sustained moisturization and anti-aging efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 102548"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The emergent correlation between unstable modes and superfast atoms in Cu50Zr50 glassy system","authors":"Zeng-Yu Yang,&nbsp;Yan Chen,&nbsp;Zhao-Liang Guo,&nbsp;Jia-Kun Dan,&nbsp;Ming-Tao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent work [<em>Yang et al., Acta. Mater 281, 120410 (2024)</em>], the rational structural representation of superfast “liquid-like” atoms in glasses was identified as ”cluster 3” via the unsupervised machine learning algorithm. Here, we further elucidate the connection of these superfast atoms to unstable instantaneous modes with imaginary frequencies (negative eigenvalues of the Hessian matrix), reflecting to transient saddle points on the potential energy landscape and thus potentially driving fast relaxations. Importantly, the localized unstable modes are characterized and found closely related to sub-picosecond lifetime. Moreover, the modified participation ratio <span><math><msubsup><mrow><mi>ξ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>ω</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>i</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>imag</mi></mrow></msubsup></math></span> is proposed to specifically evaluate the contribution to unstable modes, revealing that cluster 3, i.e., superfast atoms shows significant coupling to unstable and localized modes, as evidenced by the remarkably high level of <span><math><msubsup><mrow><mi>ξ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>ω</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>i</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>imag</mi></mrow></msubsup></math></span>. This work establishes the emergent correlation among atomic structure, vibrational spectroscopy and relaxation phenomena in disordered materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 102538"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145027115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and application of high-purity Ti-O reference alloys for oxygen quantification using high resolution micro laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (HR-µLIBS)","authors":"Kevin Gautier ,&nbsp;Antoine Casadebaigt ,&nbsp;Emilie Fourcade ,&nbsp;Enrica Epifano ,&nbsp;Tripti Gaur ,&nbsp;Aurélie Vande Put ,&nbsp;Daniel Monceau","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102545","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The precise quantification of oxygen concentration in titanium is crucial for various high-performance applications. In this study, we developed reference samples to calibrate high-resolution micro laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (HR-µLIBS) for oxygen analysis in titanium. Two fabrication methods were employed: (i) oxidation of titanium powder at high temperature in a controlled atmosphere with oxygen, followed by spark plasma sintering (SPS), and (ii) blending titanium powder with TiO₂ powder before sintering by SPS. Homogenized samples were then used to establish a calibration line correlating HR-µLIBS intensity with known oxygen concentrations. To evaluate the HR-µLIBS method, a titanium sample oxidized 500 h at 650 °C in Ar-20 %O₂ was analyzed using both HR-µLIBS and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The results demonstrate a strong agreement between the two methods, with HR-µLIBS offering superior speed and improved accuracy at low oxygen concentrations (&lt; 3 at. %).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 102545"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crystal plasticity modeling of mechanical anisotropy in additive manufacturing 316L stainless steel: Influence of build orientation and scan rotation angle","authors":"Som Dixit ,&nbsp;Pauline M. Smith ,&nbsp;Gang Li ,&nbsp;Shunyu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>316L-stainless steel (316L-SS) fabricated via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) exhibits significant mechanical anisotropy in terms of strength and ductility. This study demonstrates that anisotropy is primarily influenced by build orientations (BOs) and scan rotation angles (SRAs). The key governing mechanisms were investigated experimentally, revealing that variations in dislocation density play a dominant role, while crystallographic texture differences further contribute to the anisotropic response. To better understand this behavior, a novel crystal plasticity finite element modeling (CPFEM) was developed to simulate mechanical anisotropy. The two most representative BOs (0° as X0 and 45° as XY45) and SRAs (0° as R0 and 67° as R67) were selected, with all samples printed on the horizontal plane. Using experimentally calculated dislocation density and microstructural data for each case, synthetic representative volume elements (RVEs) were generated and employed in mechanical simulations using the open-source DAMASK software. The simulated stress–strain curves closely matched the experimental results across all conditions, with a maximum error of 10% observed for the XY45–R67 sample. This demonstrates that the developed model effectively captures the influence of dislocation density variations and microstructural characteristics on mechanical anisotropy induced by different BOs and SRAs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 102537"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144924956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editors for Materialia","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2589-1529(25)00210-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2589-1529(25)00210-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 102542"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defect-engineered ZnO-based varistor ceramics with ultrahigh breakdown strength via cold sintering processing","authors":"Lei Li ,&nbsp;Huarong Zeng ,&nbsp;Xuezheng Ruan ,&nbsp;Zhenyong Man ,&nbsp;Guorong Li ,&nbsp;Liaoying Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cold sintering process (CSP) has been successfully applied to fabricate ZnO-based varistor ceramics, but the relationship between the transient liquid phase and electrical properties is incomplete. In this study, ZnBiMnNbO varistor ceramics were selected as a model system, employing acetic acid as the transient liquid phase. By optimizing process parameters, samples with optimal varistor performance were obtained and compared with those prepared by conventional solid-state sintering (CSS). Results revealed that CH₃COO⁻ could coordinate with Zn²⁺ to suppress oxygen vacancy formation, thereby enabling the effective reduction of oxygen vacancy concentration through modulation of the CSP parameter. Under 250°C/250 MPa, the cold-sintered sample achieved ultrafine grains (0.29 μm) and high relative density (99.1%), yielding a breakdown strength (<em>E_b</em> = 2757 V/mm) significantly higher than the CSS-fabricated sample (526 V/mm). Microstructural and modulus spectrum analyses identified three mechanisms contributing to the enhanced <em>E_b</em>: ①Grain refinement effect of the cold-sintered sample; ②The coordination protection in cold-sintered sample; ③The ionization activation energy of oxygen vacancies (<em>E_B</em> = 0.32 eV) in cold-sintered sample exceeded that of CSS-fabricated sample (<em>E_B</em> = 0.28 eV), where higher <em>E_B</em> suppressed thermal excitation of carriers. Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) further elucidated defect distribution, indicating that the ultralow sintering temperature of CSP induced heterogeneous dopant distribution, which hindered further improvement of varistor performance. This study demonstrates the regulation of oxygen vacancy concentration via CSP parameter optimization and provides a multi-perspective mechanistic analysis of high <em>E_b</em> formation mechanism. The above findings help establish the correlation between the transient liquid phase and electrical properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 102540"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the impact of tire steel fibers on concrete’s fracture behavior, cracking resistance, and durability performance","authors":"Jaroslav Prokop ,&nbsp;Asad Zia ,&nbsp;Ivan Holly ,&nbsp;Adrian Ondak","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The accumulation of waste tires in landfills poses a significant environmental challenge that requires innovative solutions, one of which involves incorporating tire components into concrete. Concrete reinforced with tire steel fibers (TF), TFRC, demonstrates enhanced properties, including improved fracture mechanics, rheological behavior, water absorption, and CO₂ absorbency. While the effects of TFs have been widely studied in low-strength concrete (20–25 MPa), mortars, and self-compacting concrete, their influence on high-strength concrete (C40/50) remains underexplored. Previous studies suggest that TFs could exhibit enhanced performance in high-strength concrete due to their strong bond with the binder. Addressing this gap, the present study evaluates the impact of TFs on concrete with compressive strengths of 40–45 MPa, using TF dosages of 0–60 kg/m³. The TFs were sourced from a local processing plant in Bratislava. The study evaluates various properties, including compressive strength (CS), modulus of elasticity (EM), tensile splitting strength (TSS), modulus of rupture (MoR), residual stresses, fracture energy, linear shrinkage (LS), water absorption (WA), and carbonation. Results show that concrete with a 60 kg/m³ dosage of TF exhibited notable improvements over plain concrete, with increases in CS (+3.8 %), TSS (+6.7 %), MoR (+4.1 %), and a reduction in linear shrinkage (−5.5 %). Additionally, fracture energy was significantly higher in all TFRC mixtures compared to plain concrete. Empirical models were developed to predict the linear shrinkage and carbonation of TFRC. The findings highlight the potential of TFRC to enhance the mechanical performance and sustainability of infrastructure, offering a competitive alternative to other metallic fibers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 102539"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144997461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Y₂O₃–ZnO infrared transparent ceramics: combustion-derived powders and resistive assisted microwave sintering for enhanced optical and mechanical properties","authors":"Steffy Maria Jose ,&nbsp;Rini Varghese ,&nbsp;Jijimon Kumpukattu Thomas","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present work explores the development of Y₂O₃–ZnO infrared transparent ceramics using an auto-igniting combustion method and fired by a resistive-assisted microwave (RAM) technology. XRD confirmed the presence of a hexagonal wurtzite phase for ZnO and a body-centered cubic phase for Y₂O₃, forming a nanocomposite structure. HRTEM showed a mean particle dimension of 21.67 ± 0.60 nm, which closely matched the XRD findings. UV–visible spectroscopy indicated strong transmittance in the 400–800 nm range, while effectively blocking ultraviolet rays, highlighting its potential for UV protection. Thermal stability was observed up to 900 °C, suggesting suitability for high-temperature applications. When sintered using susceptor-assisted microwave (SAM) technique, the material achieved 98.7 % of its crystallographic density at 1430 °C. RAM sintering reached a higher relative density of 99.3 % at a lower temperature of 1230 °C. FESEM showed finer grains in the RAM-sintered sample at 0.14 ± 0.01 μm, compared to 0.34 ± 0.01 μm in the SAM-sintered one. The SAM-sintered sample showed a hardness of 7.71 GPa, with optical transmittance values of 79.8 % at 800 nm and 78.6 % at 2.5 μm. RAM sintering further enhanced hardness to 8.39 GPa and improved transmittance to 81.2 % at 800 nm and 81.5 % at 2.5 μm, with an infrared cutoff near 9.8 μm. This study highlights the advantages of RAM sintering in enhancing densification, refining microstructure, and improving transparency and mechanical strength. These improvements demonstrate the potential of Y₂O₃–ZnO nanocomposites for high-performance infrared-transparent applications, in cutting-edge fields such as defence, optoelectronics etc.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 102526"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144922580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure of WC reinforced nodular cast iron composites and its effects on tribological behavior","authors":"Chen Liu ,&nbsp;Yuzhou Du ,&nbsp;Sen Zhu ,&nbsp;Binwei Gao ,&nbsp;Xinyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Chao Yang ,&nbsp;Debin Shen ,&nbsp;Wanting Sun ,&nbsp;Caiyin You ,&nbsp;Tianjian Mi ,&nbsp;Bailing Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102527","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>WC particles reinforced nodular cast iron composites (WC/NCI) with WC and spheroidal graphite distributing homogenously in the matrix were fabricated by casting, and their microstructure and tribological behavior were investigated. The results indicated that the addition of WC significantly affected the microstructure of nodular cast iron. The graphite nodule count increased but their size decreased with increasing WC. The matrix of WC/NCI composites was consisted of upper bainite, retained austenite, a small amount of ferrite surrounding spheroidal graphite, and a limited quantity of eutectic carbides (Fe₄W₂C or Fe₃W₃C). The upper bainite increased but ferrite and eutectic carbides decreased with increasing WC. Consequently, the hardness and compressive yield strength of composites was greatly improved with the increasing WC. The composite containing 30 vol.% WC exhibited the best wear resistance, which was closely related to its low friction coefficient resulting from the presence of graphite on the tribo-surface and high hardness. The abrasive wear and surface fatigue failure were detected for the composites containing 10 vol.% and 20 vol.% WC. However, the abrasive wear was effectively suppressed and surface fatigue was alleviated for the composite containing 30 vol.% WC due to the increasing WC in the matrix. Therefore, only slight spalling was observed for the composite containing 30 vol.% WC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 102527"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144923013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}