Materialia最新文献

{"title":"On tailored microstructure in AA 2024 alloy during in-situ microwave casting","authors":"Parvej,&nbsp;Apurbba Kumar Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present study, application of microwave energy was explored for tailoring the microstructure in AA 2024 alloy through directional solidification route. Microwave transparent (alumina) and absorbing (graphite) mould materials were utilized to investigate the effect of microwave interaction (electric and magnetic field components) with AA 2024 alloy on microstructure evolution in terms of dendrite size distribution and formation of eutectic phase. Results showed more pronounced eutectic phase gradient was developed using alumina mould. On the other hand, a more uniform distribution of eutectic phase and grain size was observed with graphite mould. The development of the eutectic phase gradient is attributed to the effective microwave interaction with the AA 2024 alloy melt during solidification. This is primarily associated with the formation of an additional flux at the solid-liquid (S/L) interface of the alloy under the effect of magnetic field and an enhancement in diffusion flux due to mass transport caused by electric field component of microwave. Formation of AlCu, Al₂Cu, and Al₂CuMg intermetallic phases in both alumina and graphite mould casts was confirmed. Significantly higher hardness was observed at the higher eutectic phase sites within the alumina mould cast, whereas graphite mould casts exhibited better tensile properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 102244"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser energy-dependent processability of non-equiatomic TiNbMoTaW high-entropy alloy through in-situ alloying of elemental feedstock powders by laser powder bed fusion","authors":"Yong Seong Kim ,&nbsp;Ozkan Gokcekaya ,&nbsp;Aira Matsugaki ,&nbsp;Ryosuke Ozasa ,&nbsp;Takayoshi Nakano","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pre-alloyed powder, which is primarily used in laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), has the disadvantages of requiring time and high manufacturing costs. To overcome these limitations, in-situ alloying, which mixes pure elemental powders and alloys them in real-time during the LPBF process, has attracted attention. In particular, manufacturing high entropy alloys (HEA) containing high-melting-point refractory elements through in-situ alloying presents considerable challenges. In this study, a non-equiatomic single body-centered cubic (BCC) solid-solution HEA was fabricated via in-situ alloying with Ti, Nb, Mo, Ta, and W powders through the LPBF process. Specifically, by applying a high volumetric energy density (VED), we successfully mitigated the segregation of constituent elements, leading to an enhanced crystallographic texture. Consequently, the reduction in the residual stress and high-angle grain boundary (HAGB) density progressed, contributing to an increased relative density. Thus, this study marks a pioneering endeavor for in-situ alloyed HEA fabrication via LPBF, illustrating the efficacy of in-situ alloying utilizing mixed powders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 102241"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-melt electron analysis to accelerate process exploration of ceramics: Electron beam melting of TiB2","authors":"Jinghao Xu ,&nbsp;Karin Wennersten ,&nbsp;Zongwen Fu ,&nbsp;Freddy Leijon ,&nbsp;Johan Moverare","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enhance the versatility of electron beam powder bed fusion (EB-PBF), a widely utilized additive manufacturing (AM) technique for metallic materials, we propose a novel paradigm aimed at facilitating the exploration of the process parameters for less-studied materials, such as ceramics. The high melting points and poorly understood thermal properties of ceramics have constrained the comprehension of their melting behavior. In this study, titanium diboride (TiB₂) sintered bodies were subjected to spot melting under four distinct electron beam currents and four different exposure times. By introducing a novel in-melt electron analysis (IMEA) approach, the various stages of melting were clearly identified. The analysis and interpretation of IMEA signals were found to be consistent with experimental observations on the spot-melted surface of TiB₂. IMEA demonstrates significant potential for real-time process window optimization and quality assurance for challenging and novel materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 102243"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of pentenoate-functionalized hyaluronic acid and pentenoate-functionalized gelatin hydrogels for printing and future surgical placement in regenerative medicine applications","authors":"Emi A. Kiyotake ,&nbsp;Emily E. Thomas ,&nbsp;Susan L. Nimmo ,&nbsp;Jakob M. Townsend ,&nbsp;Michael S. Detamore","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Injectable hydrogels with <em>in situ</em> crosslinking may be more suitable than pre-fabricated scaffolds for surgical delivery to clinical injuries. However, low viscosity hydrogel precursors may be challenging to surgically place into an injury if the precursor leaks or is washed out. The biomaterials field for extrusion bioprinting is a fertile ground for discovering biomaterials with injectable and paste-like precursor rheology with <em>in situ</em> gelation capabilities, which may promote better material retention in clinical injuries. We previously developed and evaluated one formulation of a pentenoate-functionalized hyaluronic acid (PHA) / pentenoate-functionalized gelatin (PGel) hydrogel with a paste-like, printable precursor and rapid photocrosslinking in a spinal cord injury application. Further characterization of the material and cell response to PHA/PGel hydrogel formulations is needed to expand the bioprinting and other regenerative medicine opportunities for PHA/PGel hydrogels. In the current study, we utilized 2D NMR methods (i.e., ¹H–¹H TOCSY) to confirm and quantify a high degree of pentenoate functionalization of PGel and PHA. We characterized the stiffness, swelling, and cell viability using varying formulations of PGel or PHA/PGel hydrogels. For compression testing, a straightforward application of the Ogden model enabled evaluation of the full stress-strain range for improved moduli comparisons. We identified two formulations that best supported cell viability (i.e., 3%/10% and 4%/5% PHA/PGel). Furthermore, one of the identified formulations (4%/5% PHA/PGel) had superior printability compared to the other. With better printability and potentially better clinical surgical placement, the new PHA/PGel hydrogel formulations may be more widely applied in the bioprinting and regenerative medicine fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 102242"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bone regeneration in rabbit cranial defects: 3D printed polylactic acid scaffolds gradually enriched with marine bioderived calcium phosphate","authors":"Iván Alonso Fernández ,&nbsp;Håvard Jostein Haugen ,&nbsp;Liebert Parreiras Nogueira ,&nbsp;Miriam López Álvarez ,&nbsp;Pío González ,&nbsp;Mónica López Peña ,&nbsp;Antonio González Cantalapiedra ,&nbsp;Fernando Muñoz Guzón","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the in vivo biocompatibility, mechanical performance and osteoconductive potential of 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds enriched with marine bioderived calcium phosphate (bioCaP) for bone tissue engineering.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>PLA-bioCaP composite scaffolds were specifically designed for the rabbit cranial defect model by 3D printing, with a uniform distribution of open square-shaped pores and contributions in bioCaP. Physicochemical and mechanical characterization and the evaluation of biological response are presented.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The scaffolds demonstrated mechanical properties comparable to human bones, integration with the host bone, and osteoconductive behavior promoting cell ingrowth from the defect edge. Strong mineralized tissue ingrowth through the scaffolds’ pores was observed, providing notable support to the host bone. In quantitative terms, micro-CT and histomorphometry analysis post-implantation revealed no significant differences in bone regeneration across all groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The 3D-printed scaffolds with perpendicular patterning, open porosity, and proposed composition displayed satisfactory mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and osteoconductive response. The scaffolds promoted bone regeneration at similar levels as the PLA. The highest contribution of bioCaP promoted a positive influence in certain histomorphometric parameters; however, it did not significantly improve their osteogenic capability. Further research is required to optimize scaffold composition and enhance their osteogenic potential.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical relevance</h3><div>This study presents a significant advancement in bone tissue engineering through the development of personalized composite scaffolds for bone-related applications. The clinical implications of this research are profound, especially considering the increasing demand for functional bone regeneration technologies capable of producing cost-effective producing cost-effective customized scaffolds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 102240"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589152924002370/pdfft?md5=54f3a24d6be11d6ea6ee5071dde3f14e&pid=1-s2.0-S2589152924002370-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142310513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grain boundary diffusion in additively manufactured CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloys: Impact of non-equilibrium state, temperature and relaxation","authors":"Nuri Choi ,&nbsp;Manoel da Silva Pinto ,&nbsp;Sangsun Yang ,&nbsp;Ji Hun Yu ,&nbsp;Jai-Sung Lee ,&nbsp;Martin Luckabauer ,&nbsp;Gerhard Wilde ,&nbsp;Sergiy V. Divinski","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Grain boundary diffusion of Ni in the equiatomic CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy, produced by additive manufacturing, is measured using a radiotracer technique in an extended temperature interval of 350 to 703 K. A strongly non-monotonic temperature dependence of the Ni grain boundary diffusion coefficients (with a spectacular intermittent retardation of the diffusion rates with increasing temperature) is seen and explained by relaxation of a non-equilibrium state induced by rapid solidification during fabrication. The grain boundary excess energy of the non-equilibrium state of these grain boundaries, as estimated from the diffusion data, is found to be larger than 0.3 J/m<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>. This corresponds to an increase of about 30% of the interface energy compared to relaxed general high-angle grain boundaries. The temperature-induced evolution of the grain boundary state is analyzed in terms of the concomitant structure evolution, segregation, phase stability and precipitation in the multi-component alloy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 102228"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589152924002254/pdfft?md5=3ff1246eb05b14c71387b1f571a17c17&pid=1-s2.0-S2589152924002254-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142274280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approximating nucleation rates of glass ceramics using in-situ X-ray diffraction","authors":"Kylie Simkins ,&nbsp;Lucas Greiner ,&nbsp;Marcio Luis Ferreira Nascimento ,&nbsp;Caio Bragatto ,&nbsp;Scott T. Misture ,&nbsp;Collin Wilkinson","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glass ceramics are ideal for applications ranging from the culinary to defense industries. The properties of glass ceramics are a strong function of their microstructure, which in turn is controlled by constitutive nucleation and growth treatments. Nucleation has been extensively studied but remains an experimental and theoretical challenge. Traditional isothermal methods for measuring nucleation rates require time-consuming measurements and careful statistics, leading to only a few material systems with nucleation data available, approximately one-hundred glass systems were studied in half a century. To overcome these challenges, we present a new non-isothermal technique utilizing in-situ X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) with data analyzed through a modified Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov (JMAK) equation. Three homogenous nucleated glass systems were analyzed: Li₂O•2SiO₂ (lithium disilicate), Na₂O•2CaO•3SiO₂ (combeite), and Li₂Oׅ•2B₂O₃ (lithium diborate). This method utilizes crystallized fractions through XRD, allowing resolution far beyond microscopy techniques. It was thus possible to compare the evolution of the crystallized volume fractions by X-ray diffraction with optical microscopy from literature. This method was successful in reproducing the experimental nucleation curve from the temporal development of the number density and crystal size within four orders of magnitude, while also achieving the correct peak position, leading to a new method to rapidly <em>approximate</em> the nucleation rate of complex glass-ceramics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 102239"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cold sintering with functionalized polymers for ductile ceramic matrix composites with controllable mechanical performance","authors":"Po-Hao Lai ,&nbsp;Benson J. Jacob ,&nbsp;Ralph H. Colby ,&nbsp;Enrique D. Gomez ,&nbsp;Bryan D. Vogt","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Structuring ceramics with polymers in hierarchical morphologies provide mechanisms for substantial toughening. Bi-continuous composites are generated in a single processing step through cold sintering of ceramic and polymer particles, which consolidates the inorganic phase at temperatures compatible with polymer processing. Here, we demonstrate that limited maleation (∼1 %) of polypropylene (PP) provides a chemical handle to alter the interaction between the polymer and inorganic phases that leads to a more homogeneous composite morphology at multiple length scales, as evidenced by X-ray microcomputed tomography (µ-CT) and elemental mapping during electron microscopy for a wide range of composite compositions from from 14.5 vol% to 68.2 vol% polymer. The extensibility of the composite and the ultimate tensile stress (UTS) of the hybrid composites are increased substantially in comparison to unfunctionalized PP at the same composition. Quantitative analysis of µ-CT data identifies an interphase in polymer-ceramic composites where there is significant mixing of inorganic and polymer phases that is associated with the generation of a hierarchical morphology. We find that the impact of the interphase is primarily in the reduction of the thickness of the pure ceramic domain. This domain size is inversely correlated with the UTS with universal behavior irrespective of the functionality of the PP. This observation underscores the pivotal role of functional groups on polymers to enhance composite homogeneity, reduce ceramic domain size, and consequently augment the mechanical response of cold sintered ceramic matrix composites that provides a route to sustainable composite materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 102238"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142310511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shape tailored nano-ceria as high performance supercapacitor electrode material","authors":"Trishanku Kashyap ,&nbsp;Gitarthi Gogoi ,&nbsp;Hirendra Das ,&nbsp;Arishma Buragohain ,&nbsp;Debajyoti Mahanta ,&nbsp;Manash R. Das ,&nbsp;Pranjal Saikia","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrochemical energy storage devices herald a brighter future, offering efficient and sustainable solutions to meet the escalating global energy demands. The current work investigates the development and characterization of different ceria nanostructures (nanorod, nanocube, and nanopolyhedra) as effective electrode materials for supercapacitor applications. The electrode materials are systematically characterized using various spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic techniques. Galvanostatic charge-discharge, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry techniques are used to evaluate the electrochemical performance of the electrode materials. The optimum material for the said application is cerium nanorod which has the maximum specific capacitance of 437.27 F/g in acid electrolytes. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the ceria nanostructures exhibit hysteresis behavior; ceria nanorod showing coexistence of memristive and memcapacitive nature. The loop area of the hysteresis curve, derived from the ratio of OFF resistance to ON resistance (R_OFF/R_ON) at 4 V, yields approximate values of 1.08, 1.33, and 1.57 for ceria nanocubes, ceria nanopolyhedra, and ceria nanorods, respectively. Impedance vs. frequency analysis of the samples was also carried out to study their electrical and transport properties. The results obtained from electrochemical analyses are complimented by electrical studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 102237"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142319686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"β-Grain refinement in WAAM Ti-6Al-4 V processed with inter-pass ultrasonic impact peening","authors":"Vivek K. Sahu ,&nbsp;R. Biswal ,&nbsp;A.E. Davis ,&nbsp;X Chen ,&nbsp;S.W. Williams ,&nbsp;P.B. Prangnell","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2024.102236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As-deposited Wire-Arc Additive Manufactured (WAAM) Ti-6Al-4V parts typically contain large columnar β-grains on a centimetre scale, with a strong 〈001〉 fibre texture, leading to anisotropic mechanical properties and unacceptable scatter in damage tolerance. Inter-pass deformation, introduced by the application of Ultrasonic Impact Peening (UIP) across each added layer, has been shown to be effective in refining the β-grain structure and achieving a weaker texture. The depth of deformation and the grain refinement mechanism induced by UIP have been investigated by combining advanced electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) characterization with a ‘stop action’ observation technique. UIP facilitates a similar refinement mechanism and nearly the same depth of deformation as conventional machine hammer peening, with the advantages of a much higher strain rate, lower peak force, and two orders of magnitude lower impact energy, making it a faster and more economical process. β recrystallization is seen within the deformation zone during re-heating through the α → β transition. Although new recrystallized β-grains formed in the UIP surface-deformed layer to a shallower depth than that of remelting, recrystallization initiated ahead of the melt pool and the recrystallized grains grew downwards to a greater depth before remelting. These refined grains were thus able to survive and act as nucleation sites at the fusion boundary for epitaxial regrowth during solidification, greatly refining the grain structure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 102236"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142243922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}