Materialia最新文献

{"title":"Three-stage deformation behaviors of a austenitic Fe-Mn-Al-C low-density steel: slip bands–twinning–shear bands","authors":"Ziyuan Gao,&nbsp;Qingfeng Kang,&nbsp;Zexi Zhang,&nbsp;Hui Wang,&nbsp;Cunyu Wang,&nbsp;Zhengdong Liu,&nbsp;Wenquan Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a systematic investigation of microstructure evolution and the mechanical response of a low-density steel during cold rolling with the thickness reduction of up to 90 %. With the strain increase, a three-stage deformation microstructural evolution from slip bands, to deformation twins, and eventually to shear bands has been observed based on detailed microstructure characterization. At the first stage (rolling reduction &lt; 30 %), dislocation slip bands are the dominant deformation microstructure, due to the planar slip of dislocations. As strain increases, the band spacing is progressively refined with a saturation of ∼50 nm. These slip bands gradually evolved into microbands as a result of strain localization and plastic instability. At the second deformation stage (30 %–50 % rolling reduction), deformation twinning is activated, which was seldom reported in low-density steel due to its high stacking fault energy. The deformation twins were found to be preferentially nucleated in the grains with orientations approaching 〈001〉 // rolling direction and 〈111〉 // rolling direction. At the last deformation stage (60 %–90 % rolling reduction), the deformation was mainly controlled by the formation of shear bands, generated in the areas with orientations close to<span><math><mrow><mspace></mspace><mo>〈</mo><mn>111</mn><mo>〉</mo></mrow></math></span> // normal direction. In the mechanical response aspect, the strength was progressively increased with increasing rolling reduction. The formation of deformation twins and shear bands could notably enhance the strength, exhibiting a distinct three-staged mechanical behavior during cold rolling. This research provided a thorough understanding of the distinct microstructure evolution and mechanical response of the low-density steel during cold rolling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 102407"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the relationship of fatigue behavior with the microstructure of 321 stainless steel with gradient structure at 550 °C","authors":"Yonggang Wang ,&nbsp;Liangliang Wei ,&nbsp;Zhijian Tan ,&nbsp;Junye Yang ,&nbsp;Chaoju Yu ,&nbsp;Shengxiang Wang ,&nbsp;Lufeng Yang ,&nbsp;Haibiao Zheng ,&nbsp;Xitu Lei ,&nbsp;R.D.K. Misra ,&nbsp;Jie Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, stress-controlled tension-compression fatigue and uniaxial tensile experiments were conducted at 550 °C on gradient-structured (GS) 321 austenitic stainless steel fabricated by surface mechanical rolling treatment (SMRT). The microstructural evolution, residual compressive stress (RCS) effect, cyclic deformation behavior, fracture and fatigue behavior were unraveled. Uniaxial results indicate that the yield strength and tensile strength of the GS321 specimen are improved by 112 % and 18.6 %, respectively, which is attributed to the thicker GS layer and SMRT-induced martensite strengthening. Fatigue results confirm that the fatigue strength of GS321 is improved and the fatigue life is increased by at least ∼ 10 times. During fatigue loading at 550 °C, the grain size within the surface layer of the GS321 specimen remains stable, but a significant reverse transformation of martensite to ultrafine austenite is observed. Additionally, the RCS within the GS surface relaxes by 67.2 % prior to fatigue, and it further rapidly relaxes with cyclic loading. These results suggest that the RCS had a limited effect on the fatigue properties of the GS321 specimen at 550 °C. The excellent fatigue property of the GS321 specimen is attributed to the thicker GS layer, martensitic phase transformation strengthening, and the synergistic effect. This study can provide guidance for the design and application of stainless steel with superior fatigue performance at elevated temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 102406"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the residual stresses and strains, microstructure and mechanical properties of stainless steel multipass welds produced using dual wire-tungsten inert gas process","authors":"Juliette Théodore ,&nbsp;Baptiste Girault ,&nbsp;Laurent Couturier ,&nbsp;David Gloaguen ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Bertrand ,&nbsp;Pascal Paillard ,&nbsp;Efthymios Polatidis ,&nbsp;Jan Capek ,&nbsp;Grégoire Bazin ,&nbsp;Bruno Courant","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tungsten inert gas welding of thick components, such as baseplates or tubes, requires chamfering and multipass welding, which can induce significant residual strains and stresses. Strain might then be responsible for misalignments during welding and deviations from the desired part geometry while stress can compromise the integrity and service life. This study investigates the residual stresses, strains, microstructure, and mechanical properties of stainless steel multipass welds using the Dual-Wire Tungsten Inert Gas (DW-TIG) process. Two filler metals, austenitic 304 L and martensitic 415 stainless steels, were used to weld 20 mm thick 304 L baseplates, employing alternated and graded filling strategies compared to single-wire reference welds. Residual stress was determined using neutron diffraction and the contour method, with macroscopic distortion evaluated via profilometry. Microstructure was analyzed via electron backscatter diffraction, micrographs and Vickers hardness tests. Weld mechanical performances were assessed trough tensile tests and compared to standards. The results show strong agreement between the contour method and neutron diffraction, with discrepancies below 100 MPa. The alternated strategy achieved the most significant strain reduction (18 %) without amplifying stress, providing the best compromise between residual stress, strain, and mechanical performance. Martensitic transformation emerged as a key mechanism, introducing compressive stresses. The findings demonstrate the potential of DW-TIG welding to reduce distortions, minimize material waste, and enhance stress field control, making the process applicable to industrial settings (for thick components welding or part reloading). Future work will explore alternative filling strategies and lower-energy welding parameters to further enhance grain refinement and mechanical performance further.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 102403"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and characterization of silk fibroin-enriched 3D printed hydrogels for photosensitizer delivery","authors":"Jose Eduardo U. Rojas ,&nbsp;Lídia Maria de Andrade ,&nbsp;Wendel A. Alves ,&nbsp;Francesca Giuntini","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses photosensitizing drugs and visible light to produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species for targeting cell death. The aggregation of photosensitizers poses a significant challenge to the delivery of the treatment deeper within the tissue. In this study we developed 3D-printed hydrogels composed of gelatin/alginate and Pluronic® F127/alginate polymers with various silk fibroin concentrations to act as reservoirs for the sustained delivery of photosensitizers using water-soluble porphyrin and phenalenone as model drugs. We used rheology and spectrophotometry to analyze the 3D hydrogel scaffolds, focusing on the effect of silk fibroin on photosensitiser incorporation and release. The study showed that increased silk fibroin concentration affected the mechanical strength and the printability of the hydrogels. Compression analysis showed decreased hydrogel mechanical strength at higher silk fibroin concentrations, and cell viability assays indicated the biocompatibility of these hydrogels. Rapid photosensitizer release was observed, aligning with first-order kinetics for gelatin-based and the Higuchi model for hydrogels based on Pluronic® F-127. These findings highlight the potential of 3D-printed hydrogels as a reservoir for the sustained release of photosensitizers and underscore the importance of hydrogel formulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 102402"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of molar volume of diffusing elements and cross terms of Onsager formalism (vacancy wind effect) on estimated diffusion coefficients in ternary and multicomponent solid solutions","authors":"Aloke Paul","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The correlation between intrinsic and tracer diffusion coefficients considering the molar volume of the diffusing elements and cross phenomenological constants of Onsager (contributing to the vacancy wind effect) is established in guidance to Manning's analysis. Manning established this correlation assuming constant molar volume. A recent study in binary systems indicated a significant error in estimated data for consideration of constant molar volume if the molar volumes of the diffusing elements are significantly different. It also indicated that considering ideal molar volume variation is essential if a system's non-ideal molar volume variation is unknown. This could not have been practiced until now in ternary and multicomponent systems because of the unavailability of this correlation. This equation scheme is established in this study for conventional diffusion couples (all elements produce diffusion profiles) and constrained, such as pseudo-binary and pseudo-ternary diffusion couples (in which only two or three elements produce the diffusion profiles, respectively). The difference in data calculated considering a constant molar volume and neglecting the vacancy wind effect (which is mainly practiced until today) is compared with the data considering the molar volume of diffusing elements and vacancy wind effect in NiCoFeCr and an imaginary quaternary multi-principal element system. This indicates a significant error in estimated data when considering a constant molar volume if the molar volumes of the diffusing elements are reasonably different. Therefore, the outcome of this study is expected to bring a significant change in diffusion analysis in ternary and multicomponent systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 102400"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO) zeolites with nanometric dimensions: Structural tuning for osteoinductive applications in bone regeneration","authors":"Camila Torres ,&nbsp;Emma C. Whitehead ,&nbsp;Benjamin P. Le Monnier ,&nbsp;Daniel Peña ,&nbsp;Alan Palomino-Calderón ,&nbsp;Miguel Neira ,&nbsp;Patricio Romero-Hasler ,&nbsp;Warren L. Grayson ,&nbsp;Michael Tsapatsis ,&nbsp;Cristian Covarrubias","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite significant advancements in traditional bone repair bioceramics, developing materials with inherent osteoinductive capabilities remains a challenge, highlighting the need for innovative biomaterials that actively promote osteogenesis. In this study, aluminophosphate (SAPO) zeolites with nanometric dimensions were hydrothermally synthesized, structurally tailored, and characterized to develop osteoinductive properties. Their in vitro bioactivity was evaluated through assays of apatite mineralization, degradation, ion release, protein adsorption, cell adhesion, viability, and osteogenic differentiation using pre-osteoblast cells.</div><div>SAPO-34 and SAPO-5 crystals, engineered with nanosheet-like morphologies and sub-nanometer nanoporous topologies, incorporated calcium and lithium cations into intra- (CaSAPO, LiSAPO) and extraframework (Ca/CaSAPO, Li/LiSAPO) positions while preserving their crystalline nanoporous structure. These zeolites promoted apatite formation within 14 days, driven by their high surface area, optimized surface chemistry, and the presence of calcium as extraframework cations.</div><div>SAPO zeolites exhibited a degree of degradation (5–22 wt. %) under simulated physiological conditions, accompanied by the sustained release of Li⁺ and Ca²⁺ ions. Cytocompatibility studies confirmed pre-osteoblast viability and adhesion up to 250 µg/mL over 14 days, with Ca/CaSAPO and Li/LiSAPO forms showing enhanced biocompatibility. The nanosized SAPO particles stimulated osteogenic cell differentiation in the absence of osteogenic supplements, driven not only by the release of bioactive ions but also by their intrinsic physical and chemical characteristics, including their nanoporous structure and surface composition.</div><div>These findings identify SAPO zeolites, particularly those modified with lithium and calcium, as promising candidates for bone regeneration. Future in vivo studies are recommended to evaluate their integration into scaffolds and applications in orthopedic and regenerative medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 102401"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143767861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure and magnetotransport properties of Cd3As2 crystals synthesized via horizontal gas-transport method from non-stoichiometric precursor","authors":"L.N. Oveshnikov ,&nbsp;A.I. Ril’ ,&nbsp;A.B. Mekhiya ,&nbsp;A.B. Davydov","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work we investigated correlation of the structure and magnetotransport properties of Cd<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>As<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> crystals with growth conditions in the framework of horizontal gas-transport method. As a precursor we used crystal with non-stoichiometric ratio of elements, which resulted in the formation of small amount of CdAs<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> phase. We show that the latter can be used to obtain single phase Cd<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>As<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> crystal at higher growth rates. Obtained data suggests that the increase of condensation temperature do not affect lattice parameters or mean crystallite size of the Cd<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>As<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> phase, although it promotes the formation of the macroscopic defects. The latter increases observed resistivity values, without changing the relative amplitudes of its temperature and field dependences if the volume fraction of such defects remains constant. Carrier densities in studied crystals are substantially lower than typical values for crystals obtained from the melt. Estimated carrier mobility values are close for samples obtained at temperature below and above the <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup><mo>−</mo><mi>β</mi></mrow></math></span> polymorphic transition, suggesting its minor role in properties of crystals obtained via gas-transport method. Observed linear magnetoresistance is qualitatively identical in all studied samples, although its amplitude decreases along with carrier density.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 102397"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the evolution of internal stresses and glide resistance during Bauschinger tests performed on a γ(TiAl) alloy","authors":"Jonathan D.H. Paul,&nbsp;Roland Hoppe,&nbsp;Michael Oehring,&nbsp;Fritz Appel","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bauschinger tests performed on a γ(TiAl) alloy exhibit transient softening. Reversal of the strain path leads to a sharp drop in the yield stress, which then rises again to almost the value of non-predeformed specimens [1]. The present paper provides new data that may elucidate the phenomenon. The internal stress was measured by dip tests along the strain path involving (forward) compression and (backward) tension. In addition, the dislocation glide resistance was characterized by stress relaxation tests. Accordingly, the flow behaviour during the Bauschinger test is determined by the development of an internal stress field during forward compression, which upon strain reversal is inverted and then supports backward tension. At the same time, the dislocation glide resistance is significantly reduced. This behaviour is explained using literature on deformation processes in TiAl alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 102398"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The sulfur embrittlement in Ni-Al-Re model single crystal alloys: Sulfur-induced precipitation of Rhenium-rich δ phase","authors":"Qianjin Yang ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Zhou ,&nbsp;Pan Xie ,&nbsp;Shuang He ,&nbsp;Libo Fu ,&nbsp;Yunsong Zhao ,&nbsp;Ze Zhang ,&nbsp;Cuilan Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The impurity sulfur embrittlement of Ni-based single alloys has long been wrapped in mystery. In this work, we report for the first time the sulfur-induced precipitation of brittle rhenium-rich δ phase in a model Ni-based single alloy. The results showed that the addition of sulfur gave rise to the precipitation of rhenium-rich δ phase with hexagonal close-packed (HCP) crystal structure in the dendritic cores. Besides, the enrichment of sulfur and nickel elements were detected in the δ phase. The behavior of sulfur-induced precipitation of δ phase was rationalized by the first-principles calculations, which indicates that there is a strong bonding interaction between sulfur and rhenium atoms. This work provides a novel perspective on the understanding of the sulfur embrittlement in Ni-based single alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 102399"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atomic scale characterization of precipitates in an Al-Si-Mg alloy containing excess Si and trace amounts of Cu","authors":"Seyed Moien Faregh ,&nbsp;Daniel Larouche ,&nbsp;X. Grant Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtla.2025.102396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The precipitation kinetics of a foundry Al-Si-Mg-(Cu) alloy containing excess Si and impurity levels of Cu were investigated on the atomic scale. A combination of APT, STEM and DSC analysis was used to characterize the evolution of chemical composition and crystal structure of the precipitates during artificial aging. It was observed that even at trace levels (0.02 wt. %), Cu has the capability to alter the precipitation sequence of the Al-Si-Mg alloy, where instead of pure <em>β</em>″, hybrid phases containing unit cells of <em>β</em>″, B′ and Q′ form during age hardening of the alloy in large number densities. APT investigation confirmed the incorporation of Cu in precipitates during peak-aging and its enrichment to maximum values during over-aging. Observance of more Q′ unit cells in the hybrid phases after over-aging was related to this Cu enrichment. Coarse Cu-free U1 phases nucleating predominantly on grain-boundaries were observed in the over-aged condition. Interfacial energies were calculated to explain the large number densities of the hybrid B′/Q′ precipitates and coarsening of the U1 phases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47623,"journal":{"name":"Materialia","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 102396"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143814815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}