Hanna Zagefka, Katharina Lefringhausen, Lucía López Rodríguez, Ana Urbiola, Nali Moftizadeh, A. Vázquez
{"title":"Blindspots in acculturation research: An agenda for studying majority culture change","authors":"Hanna Zagefka, Katharina Lefringhausen, Lucía López Rodríguez, Ana Urbiola, Nali Moftizadeh, A. Vázquez","doi":"10.1080/10463283.2022.2079813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2022.2079813","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Research has investigated conditions which lead to minority members’ wanting to maintain their culture of origin, and to them wanting to adopt the majority culture. Majority members’ ideas for what minority members should do have also received attention. However, past research has developed a blindspot for some important questions: majority and minority members will also have preferences for whether they desire majority culture change, and members of both groups will have perceptions regarding the respective outgroup’s preference. This paper will present a 2X2X2 framework yielding 8 different foci: 2 (focusing on the perspectives/wishes of the minority vs. majority) X 2 (acculturation preferences regarding oneself vs. the outgroup) X 2 (own preferences vs. perceptions of what the respective outgroup wants). This framework will be used to crystalize what is known and what is not yet explored, suggesting a research agenda for the future.","PeriodicalId":47582,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Social Psychology","volume":"34 1","pages":"127 - 160"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42488926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Generalized Prejudice: Lessons about social power, ideological conflict, and levels of abstraction","authors":"R. Bergh, M. Brandt","doi":"10.1080/10463283.2022.2040140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2022.2040140","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Prejudices tend to come as a package deal; people who are more racist tend to also be more sexist, and so on. Documentations of such attitudinal patterns – generalised prejudice – have a rich history, but the theoretical understanding thereof has been lagging. In recent years, we have seen clear theoretical advancement in the understanding of this phenomenon. We discuss classic premises in this research along with newer research that challenges some of the most ingrained ideas about generalised prejudice. For instance, we discuss research challenging the notions that generalised prejudice is an “us” versus “them” phenomenon, as well as a product of conservative ideology. We further argue that prejudice generalisations need to be studied at different levels of abstraction. Finally, we propose integrative perspectives on generalised and target-specific prejudice, with greater emphasis on processes of generalisation, rather than static generalised prejudice factors.","PeriodicalId":47582,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Social Psychology","volume":"34 1","pages":"92 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41349213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Benefits of nostalgia in vulnerable populations","authors":"T. Wildschut, C. Sedikides","doi":"10.1080/10463283.2022.2036005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2022.2036005","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered and exacerbated psychological distress, and exposed psychological vulnerabilities, in large swathes of the population. Under challenging circumstances, nostalgia may convey tangible psychological and physical health benefits. We review recent evidence for nostalgia’s utility in vulnerable populations, including sojourners and immigrants, civil war refugees, people suffering bereavement, people facing a limited time horizon, and people living with dementia. Having raised the prospect of a positive role for nostalgia in responding to adversity, we next present findings from a series of randomised nostalgia interventions and their impact over time in the workplace, during the COVID-19 pandemic, and at university, respectively. We conclude by offering evidence-based recommendations for future interventions, highlighting the importance of optimal person-activity fit, diversity of content, and accessibility of delivery mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":47582,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Social Psychology","volume":"34 1","pages":"44 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44693347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anders Hustad Varmann, L. Kruse, K. Bierwiaczonek, Ángel Gómez, A. Vázquez, J. Kunst
{"title":"How Identity Fusion Predicts Extreme Pro-Group Orientations: A Meta-Analysis","authors":"Anders Hustad Varmann, L. Kruse, K. Bierwiaczonek, Ángel Gómez, A. Vázquez, J. Kunst","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/prasc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/prasc","url":null,"abstract":"Identity fusion reflects a visceral feeling of oneness with a group that predicts extreme pro-group orientations. While the theory has been tested extensively, several questions have not been conclusively answered. Here, we present the first meta-analysis of the associations between identity fusion and pro-group orientations (k = 57, N = 36,880, 106 effects). Identity fusion had a strong positive association with extreme pro-group orientations, which was significantly stronger than between social identification and these outcomes. The observed relationships were relatively robust across various countries and, interestingly, the effects were strongest for fusion with an outgroup. The verbal scale assessing identity fusion was the most predictive, and extreme forms of collective action were most strongly correlated with fusion, followed by sacrifice- and die orientations and outgroup hostility. In sum, the present meta-analysis provides evidence for identity fusion being robustly associated with extreme pro-group outcomes across contexts and settings.","PeriodicalId":47582,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Social Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43933726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The behavioural immune system and pandemic psychology: the evolved psychology of disease-avoidance and its implications for attitudes, behaviour, and public health during epidemic outbreaks","authors":"M. Schaller, Damian R. Murray, Marlise K. Hofer","doi":"10.1080/10463283.2021.1988404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2021.1988404","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article provides an overview of the “behavioural immune system” – a suite of psychological mechanisms that complements immunological defences by motivating pre-emptive behavioural responses to infection threats – and summarises research documenting its implications for social attitudes and social behaviour. This summary focuses on four domains of phenomena: interpersonal interactions, stigma and prejudice, conformity, and political attitudes. Then, drawing on this conceptual and empirical background, the article discusses consequences that disease outbreaks (such as the COVID-19 pandemic) may have for individuals’ attitudes and actions, and the further consequences that these attitudes and actions might plausibly have for population-level epidemiological and public health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":47582,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Social Psychology","volume":"33 1","pages":"360 - 396"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42287054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Descriptive-to-prescriptive (D2P) reasoning: An early emerging bias to maintain the status quo","authors":"Steven O. Roberts","doi":"10.1080/10463283.2021.1963591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2021.1963591","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Group norms are necessary for navigating the social world, but they also constrain how we think about individuals. This manuscript progresses in three parts, along the way integrating research from cognitive, developmental, and social psychology, as well as the broader social sciences, to present a theoretical perspective on how the tendency to interpret descriptive norms (i.e., what is) as prescriptive (i.e., what should be) is an early emerging bias to maintain the status quo. First, I define descriptive-to-prescriptive reasoning and review previous research on how it maintains the status quo. Second, I review a recent programme of research on the early development of descriptive-to-prescriptive reasoning. Third, I provide suggestions for future research, particularly in the domain of redirecting descriptive-to-prescriptive reasoning for good. Overall, I propose that descriptive-to-prescriptive reasoning biases children to keep groups in their place and prevent them from changing. Implications for stereotyping and group-based inequality are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47582,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Social Psychology","volume":"33 1","pages":"289 - 322"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43158142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Sassenberg, Kevin Winter, D. Becker, Lara Ditrich, Annika Scholl, G. Moskowitz
{"title":"Flexibility mindsets: Reducing biases that result from spontaneous processing","authors":"K. Sassenberg, Kevin Winter, D. Becker, Lara Ditrich, Annika Scholl, G. Moskowitz","doi":"10.1080/10463283.2021.1959124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2021.1959124","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Spontaneous (i.e., heuristic, fast, effortless, and associative) processing has clear advantages for human cognition, but it can also elicit undesirable outcomes such as stereotyping and other biases. In the current article, we argue that biased judgements and behaviour that result from spontaneous processing can be reduced by activating various flexibility mindsets. These mindsets are characterised by the consideration of alternatives beyond one’s spontaneous thoughts and behaviours and could, thus, contribute to bias reduction. Research has demonstrated that eliciting flexibility mindsets via goal and cognitive conflicts, counterfactual thinking,, recalling own past flexible thoughts or behaviour, and adopting a promotion focus reduces biases in judgements and behaviour. We summarise evidence for the effectiveness of flexibility mindsets across a wide variety of important phenomena – including creative performance, stereotyping and prejudice, interpersonal behaviour, and decision-making. Finally, we discuss the underlying processes and potential boundary conditions.","PeriodicalId":47582,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Social Psychology","volume":"33 1","pages":"171 - 213"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41815883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mark W Susmann, Mengran Xu, Jason K. Clark, Laura E. Wallace, Kevin L. Blankenship, Aviva Philipp-Muller, Andrew Luttrell, D. Wegener, R. Petty
{"title":"Persuasion amidst a pandemic: Insights from the Elaboration Likelihood Model","authors":"Mark W Susmann, Mengran Xu, Jason K. Clark, Laura E. Wallace, Kevin L. Blankenship, Aviva Philipp-Muller, Andrew Luttrell, D. Wegener, R. Petty","doi":"10.1080/10463283.2021.1964744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2021.1964744","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT COVID-19 mitigation strategies have largely relied on persuading populations to adopt behavioural changes, so it is critical to understand how such persuasive efforts can be made more effective. The Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) of persuasion allows for the integration of a variety of seemingly disparate effects into one overarching framework. This allows for prediction of which effects are more likely to lead to subsequent behaviour change than others and for generation of novel predictions. We review several recent investigations into persuasive effects of variables related to the source of a persuasive message, features of the message itself, the recipient, and interactive effects between variables across these categories. Each investigation is situated within the ELM framework, and future directions derived from the ELM perspective are discussed. Finally, the implications of each piece of research for COVID-19 persuasive messaging are unpacked and evidence-based recommendations are made.","PeriodicalId":47582,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Social Psychology","volume":"33 1","pages":"323 - 359"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48310010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Vezzali, D. Capozza, G. A. di Bernardo, Rossella Falvo, S. Stathi, Gordon Hodson
{"title":"Strategies for the promotion of humanity attribution to outgroups","authors":"L. Vezzali, D. Capozza, G. A. di Bernardo, Rossella Falvo, S. Stathi, Gordon Hodson","doi":"10.1080/10463283.2021.1963156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2021.1963156","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Outgroup dehumanisation, the denial of full humanity to outgroups relative to ingroups, is pervasive in many contemporary societies. The aim of the present work is to review effective strategies aimed at fostering outgroup humanity attribution. After presenting the main models of humanity attribution, we differentiate two types of strategies. Outgroup-specific strategies are focused on a target outgroup, therefore their effectiveness is more dependent upon the specific intergroup relationship. These include intergroup contact, meta-humanisation, and social categorisation. Outgroup-independent strategies are not inherently linked to a target outgroup, implying that their effectiveness is less dependent on the specific intergroup dynamics under consideration. These involve human-animal similarity and secure relationship attachment. We provide evidence for the effectiveness of these strategies and their underlying processes, showcasing our research programme within the larger literature. In so doing, we take into account the distinction between blatant and subtle dehumanisation, and conclude with suggestions for future research.","PeriodicalId":47582,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Social Psychology","volume":"33 1","pages":"215 - 254"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48650072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Sassenrath, Svenja Diefenbacher, Stefan Pfattheicher, J. Keller
{"title":"The potential and limitations of empathy in changing health-relevant affect, cognition and behaviour","authors":"C. Sassenrath, Svenja Diefenbacher, Stefan Pfattheicher, J. Keller","doi":"10.1080/10463283.2021.1963590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2021.1963590","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Global challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic or the impending climate change require each and every one of us to perform long-term self-restrictive behaviours, implying personal costs, for the sake of vulnerable others and future generations. We argue that empathy – conceptualised as other-oriented moral emotional process – can impact how we think, feel and act towards others in times of such disruptive global developments. Our research highlights how and under which circumstances empathy fosters solidarity with others in need. We review our findings which corroborate empathy’s potential in directly changing health-relevant behaviour (such as hand hygiene behaviour or adherence to COVID-19 pre-emptive measures) and as well as pro-environmental actions, which serve to protect others’ well-being through self-discipline and self-restriction. Furthermore, we also review and discuss research which indicates potential boundary conditions of empathy-induced prosocial responses to the plight of vulnerable individuals.","PeriodicalId":47582,"journal":{"name":"European Review of Social Psychology","volume":"33 1","pages":"255 - 288"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46302568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}