How Identity Fusion Predicts Extreme Pro-Group Orientations: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Identity fusion reflects a visceral feeling of oneness with a group that predicts extreme pro-group orientations. While the theory has been tested extensively, several questions have not been conclusively answered. Here, we present the first meta-analysis of the associations between identity fusion and pro-group orientations (k = 57, N = 36,880, 106 effects). Identity fusion had a strong positive association with extreme pro-group orientations, which was significantly stronger than between social identification and these outcomes. The observed relationships were relatively robust across various countries and, interestingly, the effects were strongest for fusion with an outgroup. The verbal scale assessing identity fusion was the most predictive, and extreme forms of collective action were most strongly correlated with fusion, followed by sacrifice- and die orientations and outgroup hostility. In sum, the present meta-analysis provides evidence for identity fusion being robustly associated with extreme pro-group outcomes across contexts and settings.