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Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice最新文献

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Validation of the Ohio Youth Assessment System Dispositional Tool (OYAS-DIS): An Examination of Race and Gender Differences 俄亥俄州青年评估系统倾向工具（OYAS-DIS）的验证：种族和性别差异的检验
IF 3.8 1区 社会学
Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/1541204019859938
C. Campbell, Christopher D’amato, Jordan Papp
{"title":"Validation of the Ohio Youth Assessment System Dispositional Tool (OYAS-DIS): An Examination of Race and Gender Differences","authors":"C. Campbell, Christopher D’amato, Jordan Papp","doi":"10.1177/1541204019859938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204019859938","url":null,"abstract":"The Ohio Youth Assessment System-Disposition Tool (OYAS-DIS) is a juvenile risk assessment that is used in numerous states and jurisdictions to assess criminogenic risk of juvenile offenders. Still, there is little published research on the predictive validity of the tool. The purpose of the current study was to examine the predictive validity of OYAS-DIS, with a specific focus on understanding prediction of recidivism across racial and gender subgroups. The sample consisted of 4,383 youth that received a court petition in a single large Midwestern county juvenile court. The findings indicated that the OYAS-DIS was a statistically significant predictor of recidivism across all racial and gender subgroups. However, there was statistically significant variation in predictive validity across subgroups. For instance, the tool was a statistically significantly better predictor of recidivism for White males as compared to Black male youth. There was also statistically significant variation in the predictive validity of certain domains (e.g., juvenile justice history) on the OYAS-DIS across racial and gender subgroups. Implications of research favor the use of the OYAS-DIS to predict recidivism for adjudicated juveniles.","PeriodicalId":47525,"journal":{"name":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice","volume":"18 1","pages":"196 - 211"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1541204019859938","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46258793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
What Becomes of Chronic Juvenile Delinquents? Multifinality at Midlife 什么是慢性未成年人犯罪？中年的多重终结
IF 3.8 1区 社会学
Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/1541204019858741
Alan J. Drury, M. Delisi, Michael J. Elbert
{"title":"What Becomes of Chronic Juvenile Delinquents? Multifinality at Midlife","authors":"Alan J. Drury, M. Delisi, Michael J. Elbert","doi":"10.1177/1541204019858741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204019858741","url":null,"abstract":"Popular in the field of developmental psychopathology, multifinality means that an initial condition or status can manifest in diverse outcomes across life. Using a near population of federal correctional clients selected from the Midwestern United States, the current study examined the association of chronic delinquent offender status on assorted life outcomes at midlife (average age of offenders was nearly 44 years). Although just 16% of the current offenders were formerly chronic delinquents, they accounted for 13.9% of current employment, 54.6% of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) cases, 54% of those at the 90th percentile for arrest charges, 45.8% of those at the 90th percentile for assaultive arrest charges, 53% of gang activity, 43.8% of lifetime traumatic brain injury, and 22.9% of lifetime mental illness. Logistic regression models indicated that former chronic delinquency was associated with 41% reduced odds of employment, 897% increased odds of ASPD, 81% increased odds of 90th percentile offending, 82% increased odds of 90th percentile assaultive offending, 144% increased odds of gang activity, 115% increased odds of traumatic brain injury, and 141% increased odds of lifetime mental illness. Former chronic delinquency has more consistent predictive validity among males than females and among Whites than African Americans. Multifinality is a useful concept to understand the developmental course of chronic delinquency and assess noncriminal yet nevertheless socially and societally burdensome outcomes.","PeriodicalId":47525,"journal":{"name":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice","volume":"18 1","pages":"119 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1541204019858741","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45730121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Retrospective Study of Fire Setting Among Boys in a Child Welfare Sample 儿童福利样本中男孩纵火的回顾性研究
IF 3.8 1区 社会学
Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice Pub Date : 2020-02-28 DOI: 10.1177/1541204020906425
Alexandra Brereton, Raina V. Lamade, Austin F. S. Lee, Ann Schuler, R. Prentky
{"title":"Retrospective Study of Fire Setting Among Boys in a Child Welfare Sample","authors":"Alexandra Brereton, Raina V. Lamade, Austin F. S. Lee, Ann Schuler, R. Prentky","doi":"10.1177/1541204020906425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204020906425","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to assess fire-setting behaviors within a child welfare sample. The youth were divided into four groups based on their fire-setting behavior (e.g., no incidents, one incident, multiple minor incidents, and multiple severe incidents). Groups were compared based on five factors: overt antisocial behavior, covert antisocial behavior, global adjustment, psychiatric history, and learning deficits. Fire setters displayed more delinquent behavior and had more extensive psychiatric histories than non-fire-setting youth. Further, the youth with multiple serious incidents of fire-setting behavior displayed more delinquent behavior and had more extensive psychiatric histories than any of the fire-setting groups. These findings clearly suggest that fire setters, as a group, are not homogeneous with respect to antisocial behavior or psychiatric impairment and that gravity of fire setting increased as a function of greater psychopathology and greater delinquency when compared to their peers.","PeriodicalId":47525,"journal":{"name":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice","volume":"18 1","pages":"256 - 273"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1541204020906425","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48862705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Transforming Practice Through Culture Change: Probation Staff Perspectives on Juvenile Justice Reform 通过文化变革转变实践——缓刑管理人员对未成年人司法改革的思考
IF 3.8 1区 社会学
Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice Pub Date : 2020-02-03 DOI: 10.1177/1541204020901761
Sino Esthappan, J. Lacoe, Janine M. Zweig, D. Young
{"title":"Transforming Practice Through Culture Change: Probation Staff Perspectives on Juvenile Justice Reform","authors":"Sino Esthappan, J. Lacoe, Janine M. Zweig, D. Young","doi":"10.1177/1541204020901761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204020901761","url":null,"abstract":"Probation plays a central role in the juvenile justice system, and probation officers are often involved in numerous decisions made in juvenile courts. This study examines the views of probation staff from 23 jurisdictions, some of which participated in an Annie E. Casey Foundation–funded juvenile justice reform effort intended to safely and significantly reduce the use of out-of-home placements, especially for youth of color. We survey juvenile probation staff members at two waves and describe changes in reported practices and principles relating to individualized case planning, youth engagement, family and community engagement, and racial and ethnic equity and inclusion as well as beliefs about the purposes of out-of-home placement. Reform sites reported slightly more frequent use of practices and principles addressing community engagement and racial and ethnic equity and inclusion in the second wave than in the first wave.","PeriodicalId":47525,"journal":{"name":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice","volume":"18 1","pages":"274 - 293"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2020-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1541204020901761","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45267643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Further Evaluating the Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences, Antisocial Behavior, and Violent Victimization: A Sibling-Comparison Analysis 进一步评估儿童不良经历、反社会行为和暴力受害之间的关系：兄弟姐妹比较分析
IF 3.8 1区 社会学
Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1541204019833145
Eric J. Connolly
{"title":"Further Evaluating the Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences, Antisocial Behavior, and Violent Victimization: A Sibling-Comparison Analysis","authors":"Eric J. Connolly","doi":"10.1177/1541204019833145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204019833145","url":null,"abstract":"A developing line of research suggests that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increase the risk for antisocial behavior and future victimization. However, the mechanisms that underlie this association remain largely speculative. To address this gap in the existing body of research, data on full siblings from a large population-based sample of youth were analyzed to evaluate the direct effect of ACEs on child antisocial behavior, adolescent delinquency, and young adult violent victimization after controlling for familial confounders. Traditional between-family analyses revealed that ACEs were significantly associated with higher levels of childhood antisocial behavior, adolescent delinquent behavior, and risk for violent crime victimization. After controlling for unmeasured common genetic and shared environmental confounds using fixed-effect sibling comparisons, siblings exposed to more ACEs did not demonstrate higher levels of antisocial behavior, delinquent behavior, or risk for future victimization. The implications of these results for future ACEs research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47525,"journal":{"name":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice","volume":"18 1","pages":"23 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1541204019833145","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49433156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 25
The Role of Protective Factors in the Predictive Accuracy of the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY) 保护性因素在青少年暴力风险结构化评估预测准确性中的作用
IF 3.8 1区 社会学
Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1541204019837329
Melanie F. P. Soderstrom, Kristina K. Childs, P. Frick
{"title":"The Role of Protective Factors in the Predictive Accuracy of the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY)","authors":"Melanie F. P. Soderstrom, Kristina K. Childs, P. Frick","doi":"10.1177/1541204019837329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204019837329","url":null,"abstract":"The use of risk assessment instruments has become standard procedure in the juvenile justice system. Most empirical assessments of the predictive validity of these instruments concentrate on the ability of a total risk score, individual risk factors, or risk domains to predict negative juvenile outcomes but fail to consider the utility of the protective factors in influencing or moderating those risks. This study utilizes the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth to analyze the impact of protective factors on reoffending using a sample (n = 460) of postadjudication juveniles in a southern state. The overall protective domain and two specific protective factors were related to reoffending in bivariate analyses. However, protective factors did not predict reoffending when controlling for risk domains. Rather, further analyses suggest that certain protective factors buffer the effects of some of the risk domains.","PeriodicalId":47525,"journal":{"name":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice","volume":"18 1","pages":"78 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1541204019837329","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41711590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
All in the Family: An Examination of the Predictors of Visitation Among Committed Juvenile Offenders 全家人：对未成年犯探视预测因素的研究
IF 3.8 1区 社会学
Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1541204019857123
B. Young, Carter Hay
{"title":"All in the Family: An Examination of the Predictors of Visitation Among Committed Juvenile Offenders","authors":"B. Young, Carter Hay","doi":"10.1177/1541204019857123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204019857123","url":null,"abstract":"Scholarship highlights the importance of visitation in improving the lives of prisoners across numerous domains including mental health, adjustment to confinement, and postrelease success. Although research on adult inmates has examined factors that predict visitation, no such study exists for juvenile offenders. Moreover, because this existing research has relied largely on administrative data, no study has examined how family and social contexts affect visitation. Using data collected on 2,345 youth who completed residential placement in Florida, the current study examined how qualities and histories of offenders and their families affect the likelihood, consistency, and sequencing of visits for juvenile offenders. The results suggest that youth’s demographics and offending histories, as well as their family backgrounds and relationships, affect visitation. Directions for future research and implications for policy and practice are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47525,"journal":{"name":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice","volume":"18 1","pages":"54 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1541204019857123","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47351883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Gang Involvement Among Juvenile Offenders: Assessing the Mediation Effects of Substance Use and Temperament Deficits 青少年罪犯的不良童年经历（ACE）和帮派参与：评估物质使用和气质缺陷的中介作用
IF 3.8 1区 社会学
Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1541204019854799
Kevin T. Wolff, Michael T. Baglivio, Hannah J. Klein, A. Piquero, M. Delisi, J. Howell
{"title":"Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Gang Involvement Among Juvenile Offenders: Assessing the Mediation Effects of Substance Use and Temperament Deficits","authors":"Kevin T. Wolff, Michael T. Baglivio, Hannah J. Klein, A. Piquero, M. Delisi, J. Howell","doi":"10.1177/1541204019854799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204019854799","url":null,"abstract":"A growing body of research has demonstrated the deleterious effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Less understood is the role of ACEs in gang involvement among juvenile offenders. The current longitudinal study employs a sample of 104,267 juvenile offenders (mean age of 16, 76% male, 46% Black non-Hispanic, 15.7% Hispanic) to examine the effect of ACE exposure on two different measures of gang involvement by age 18. We use structural equation modeling to test whether higher ACE exposure at Time 1 predicts gang involvement and whether current substance use and/or difficult temperament mediates the ACE-gang involvement relationship. Results indicate ACE exposure at Time 1 predicts gang involvement by age 18, but that much of the effect of ACEs on later gang involvement can be explained by their impact on current substance abuse and difficult temperament. Implications for juvenile justice systems are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47525,"journal":{"name":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice","volume":"18 1","pages":"24 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1541204019854799","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44881018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 50
Positive Parents and Negative Peers: Assessing the Nature and Order of Caregiver and Friend Effects in Predicting Early Delinquency 积极的父母和消极的同龄人：在预测早期犯罪中评估照顾者和朋友效应的性质和顺序
IF 3.8 1区 社会学
Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1541204019831751
G. Walters
{"title":"Positive Parents and Negative Peers: Assessing the Nature and Order of Caregiver and Friend Effects in Predicting Early Delinquency","authors":"G. Walters","doi":"10.1177/1541204019831751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204019831751","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nature and direction of the relationship between parenting and peer effects in predicting early delinquency. The parenting–peer relationship was evaluated in 1,734 (811 male, 923 female) early adolescent members (mean age = 12.10 years) of the Gang Resistance Education and Training (GREAT) study. A seven-equation path analysis was performed across three waves of data. The statistical significance of 16 indirect effects was evaluated using the Monte Carlo Method for Assessing Mediation. Two of the three pathways predicted to be significant were, in fact, significant (i.e., parental support to gang affiliation to participant delinquency; parental support to peer delinquency to participant delinquency), and all 13 pathways projected to be nonsignificant were, in fact, nonsignificant. Consistent with the research hypothesis for this study, prior parental support acted as a buffer against the delinquency-promoting effects of negative peer associations in early adolescent children.","PeriodicalId":47525,"journal":{"name":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice","volume":"18 1","pages":"114 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1541204019831751","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41939379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
From Rollback to Preemption: A Comparison of the Reagan and Bush Doctrines 从回滚到先发制人:里根和布什主义的比较
IF 3.8 1区 社会学
Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice Pub Date : 2019-06-04 DOI: 10.4324/9781351154642-14
Robert J. Pauly
{"title":"From Rollback to Preemption: A Comparison of the Reagan and Bush Doctrines","authors":"Robert J. Pauly","doi":"10.4324/9781351154642-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351154642-14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47525,"journal":{"name":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75747861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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