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Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice最新文献

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Perceived Gun Access and Gun Carrying Among Male Adolescent Offenders. 青少年男性罪犯的枪支获取和持枪行为。
IF 3.8 1区 社会学
Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice Pub Date : 2020-04-01 Epub Date: 2019-07-28 DOI: 10.1177/1541204019865312
Spencer Keil, Jordan Beardslee, Carol Schubert, Edward Mulvey, Dustin Pardini
{"title":"Perceived Gun Access and Gun Carrying Among Male Adolescent Offenders.","authors":"Spencer Keil,&nbsp;Jordan Beardslee,&nbsp;Carol Schubert,&nbsp;Edward Mulvey,&nbsp;Dustin Pardini","doi":"10.1177/1541204019865312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204019865312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gun violence takes a significant toll on adolescents in the United States, and there is a lack of longitudinal research on perceptual factors that drive gun carrying. Notably, there is no information on the relationship between perception of gun accessibility and gun carrying. Using data collected between 2000 and 2006 in the Pathways to Desistance Study, we examine the effects of perceived access to guns in a sample of adolescent offenders. A generalized estimating equations approach tested the effect of perceived gun access along with other known risk factors for gun carrying across time. Even after adjusting for these other risk factors, perceived gun access was significantly related to future carrying. Our findings support self-reported gun availability as a significant, population-based risk factor related to gun carrying in high-risk youth. Further research on how perceived access mediates the decision to carry guns would be valuable for formulating effective gun policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":47525,"journal":{"name":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice","volume":"18 2","pages":"179-195"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1541204019865312","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40630652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
Understanding the Subgroup Complexities of Transfer: The Impact of Juvenile Race and Gender on Waiver Decisions 理解转移的亚群体复杂性：青少年种族和性别对弃权决定的影响
IF 3.8 1区 社会学
Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/1541204019869398
Sara L. Bryson, Jennifer H. Peck
{"title":"Understanding the Subgroup Complexities of Transfer: The Impact of Juvenile Race and Gender on Waiver Decisions","authors":"Sara L. Bryson, Jennifer H. Peck","doi":"10.1177/1541204019869398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204019869398","url":null,"abstract":"While prior research has consistently found the presence of extralegal disparities in juvenile justice decision-making, less research has investigated the combined effects of a juvenile’s race and gender on the decision to transfer youth to adult court. The current study examines both the individual and joint influence of race and gender on transfer decisions of all judicial waiver-eligible youth in a Northeast state from 2004 to 2014. Results indicate that Black males had the highest likelihood of being judicially waived, followed by White males, then Black females. White females had the greatest chance of being retained in juvenile court. The findings have important implications for juvenile court processing by informing researchers, practitioners, and policyholders about potential reform efforts that target judicial waiver.","PeriodicalId":47525,"journal":{"name":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice","volume":"18 1","pages":"135 - 155"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1541204019869398","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42156372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Does Future Orientation Moderate the Relationship Between Impulse Control and Offending? Insights From a Sample of Serious Young Offenders 未来取向是否调节冲动控制与冒犯行为的关系?从一个严重的青少年罪犯样本中得出的见解
IF 3.8 1区 社会学
Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/1541204019876976
Damon M. Petrich, Christopher J. Sullivan
{"title":"Does Future Orientation Moderate the Relationship Between Impulse Control and Offending? Insights From a Sample of Serious Young Offenders","authors":"Damon M. Petrich, Christopher J. Sullivan","doi":"10.1177/1541204019876976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204019876976","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers have recently begun to examine motivational factors as moderators of the relationship between self-control and offending behavior. The current study extends prior work by investigating whether three aspects of future orientation (aspirations, expectations, and the use of future-oriented cognitive and behavioral strategies) play such a role. Drawing on 7 years of data from the Pathways to Desistance study (N = 1,333), we use hybrid effects negative binomial regression models to assess how within-individual changes in future orientation and impulse control are independently and jointly related to the offending variety of serious young offenders. Although impulse control and three components of future orientation had significant main effects on offending, no interaction between these components emerged in our results. Implications for future research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47525,"journal":{"name":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice","volume":"18 1","pages":"156 - 178"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1541204019876976","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41579652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
Validation of the Ohio Youth Assessment System Dispositional Tool (OYAS-DIS): An Examination of Race and Gender Differences 俄亥俄州青年评估系统倾向工具（OYAS-DIS）的验证：种族和性别差异的检验
IF 3.8 1区 社会学
Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/1541204019859938
C. Campbell, Christopher D’amato, Jordan Papp
{"title":"Validation of the Ohio Youth Assessment System Dispositional Tool (OYAS-DIS): An Examination of Race and Gender Differences","authors":"C. Campbell, Christopher D’amato, Jordan Papp","doi":"10.1177/1541204019859938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204019859938","url":null,"abstract":"The Ohio Youth Assessment System-Disposition Tool (OYAS-DIS) is a juvenile risk assessment that is used in numerous states and jurisdictions to assess criminogenic risk of juvenile offenders. Still, there is little published research on the predictive validity of the tool. The purpose of the current study was to examine the predictive validity of OYAS-DIS, with a specific focus on understanding prediction of recidivism across racial and gender subgroups. The sample consisted of 4,383 youth that received a court petition in a single large Midwestern county juvenile court. The findings indicated that the OYAS-DIS was a statistically significant predictor of recidivism across all racial and gender subgroups. However, there was statistically significant variation in predictive validity across subgroups. For instance, the tool was a statistically significantly better predictor of recidivism for White males as compared to Black male youth. There was also statistically significant variation in the predictive validity of certain domains (e.g., juvenile justice history) on the OYAS-DIS across racial and gender subgroups. Implications of research favor the use of the OYAS-DIS to predict recidivism for adjudicated juveniles.","PeriodicalId":47525,"journal":{"name":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice","volume":"18 1","pages":"196 - 211"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1541204019859938","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46258793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
What Becomes of Chronic Juvenile Delinquents? Multifinality at Midlife 什么是慢性未成年人犯罪？中年的多重终结
IF 3.8 1区 社会学
Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/1541204019858741
Alan J. Drury, M. Delisi, Michael J. Elbert
{"title":"What Becomes of Chronic Juvenile Delinquents? Multifinality at Midlife","authors":"Alan J. Drury, M. Delisi, Michael J. Elbert","doi":"10.1177/1541204019858741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204019858741","url":null,"abstract":"Popular in the field of developmental psychopathology, multifinality means that an initial condition or status can manifest in diverse outcomes across life. Using a near population of federal correctional clients selected from the Midwestern United States, the current study examined the association of chronic delinquent offender status on assorted life outcomes at midlife (average age of offenders was nearly 44 years). Although just 16% of the current offenders were formerly chronic delinquents, they accounted for 13.9% of current employment, 54.6% of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) cases, 54% of those at the 90th percentile for arrest charges, 45.8% of those at the 90th percentile for assaultive arrest charges, 53% of gang activity, 43.8% of lifetime traumatic brain injury, and 22.9% of lifetime mental illness. Logistic regression models indicated that former chronic delinquency was associated with 41% reduced odds of employment, 897% increased odds of ASPD, 81% increased odds of 90th percentile offending, 82% increased odds of 90th percentile assaultive offending, 144% increased odds of gang activity, 115% increased odds of traumatic brain injury, and 141% increased odds of lifetime mental illness. Former chronic delinquency has more consistent predictive validity among males than females and among Whites than African Americans. Multifinality is a useful concept to understand the developmental course of chronic delinquency and assess noncriminal yet nevertheless socially and societally burdensome outcomes.","PeriodicalId":47525,"journal":{"name":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice","volume":"18 1","pages":"119 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1541204019858741","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45730121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Retrospective Study of Fire Setting Among Boys in a Child Welfare Sample 儿童福利样本中男孩纵火的回顾性研究
IF 3.8 1区 社会学
Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice Pub Date : 2020-02-28 DOI: 10.1177/1541204020906425
Alexandra Brereton, Raina V. Lamade, Austin F. S. Lee, Ann Schuler, R. Prentky
{"title":"Retrospective Study of Fire Setting Among Boys in a Child Welfare Sample","authors":"Alexandra Brereton, Raina V. Lamade, Austin F. S. Lee, Ann Schuler, R. Prentky","doi":"10.1177/1541204020906425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204020906425","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to assess fire-setting behaviors within a child welfare sample. The youth were divided into four groups based on their fire-setting behavior (e.g., no incidents, one incident, multiple minor incidents, and multiple severe incidents). Groups were compared based on five factors: overt antisocial behavior, covert antisocial behavior, global adjustment, psychiatric history, and learning deficits. Fire setters displayed more delinquent behavior and had more extensive psychiatric histories than non-fire-setting youth. Further, the youth with multiple serious incidents of fire-setting behavior displayed more delinquent behavior and had more extensive psychiatric histories than any of the fire-setting groups. These findings clearly suggest that fire setters, as a group, are not homogeneous with respect to antisocial behavior or psychiatric impairment and that gravity of fire setting increased as a function of greater psychopathology and greater delinquency when compared to their peers.","PeriodicalId":47525,"journal":{"name":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice","volume":"18 1","pages":"256 - 273"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1541204020906425","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48862705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Transforming Practice Through Culture Change: Probation Staff Perspectives on Juvenile Justice Reform 通过文化变革转变实践——缓刑管理人员对未成年人司法改革的思考
IF 3.8 1区 社会学
Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice Pub Date : 2020-02-03 DOI: 10.1177/1541204020901761
Sino Esthappan, J. Lacoe, Janine M. Zweig, D. Young
{"title":"Transforming Practice Through Culture Change: Probation Staff Perspectives on Juvenile Justice Reform","authors":"Sino Esthappan, J. Lacoe, Janine M. Zweig, D. Young","doi":"10.1177/1541204020901761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204020901761","url":null,"abstract":"Probation plays a central role in the juvenile justice system, and probation officers are often involved in numerous decisions made in juvenile courts. This study examines the views of probation staff from 23 jurisdictions, some of which participated in an Annie E. Casey Foundation–funded juvenile justice reform effort intended to safely and significantly reduce the use of out-of-home placements, especially for youth of color. We survey juvenile probation staff members at two waves and describe changes in reported practices and principles relating to individualized case planning, youth engagement, family and community engagement, and racial and ethnic equity and inclusion as well as beliefs about the purposes of out-of-home placement. Reform sites reported slightly more frequent use of practices and principles addressing community engagement and racial and ethnic equity and inclusion in the second wave than in the first wave.","PeriodicalId":47525,"journal":{"name":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice","volume":"18 1","pages":"274 - 293"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2020-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1541204020901761","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45267643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Further Evaluating the Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences, Antisocial Behavior, and Violent Victimization: A Sibling-Comparison Analysis 进一步评估儿童不良经历、反社会行为和暴力受害之间的关系：兄弟姐妹比较分析
IF 3.8 1区 社会学
Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1541204019833145
Eric J. Connolly
{"title":"Further Evaluating the Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences, Antisocial Behavior, and Violent Victimization: A Sibling-Comparison Analysis","authors":"Eric J. Connolly","doi":"10.1177/1541204019833145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204019833145","url":null,"abstract":"A developing line of research suggests that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increase the risk for antisocial behavior and future victimization. However, the mechanisms that underlie this association remain largely speculative. To address this gap in the existing body of research, data on full siblings from a large population-based sample of youth were analyzed to evaluate the direct effect of ACEs on child antisocial behavior, adolescent delinquency, and young adult violent victimization after controlling for familial confounders. Traditional between-family analyses revealed that ACEs were significantly associated with higher levels of childhood antisocial behavior, adolescent delinquent behavior, and risk for violent crime victimization. After controlling for unmeasured common genetic and shared environmental confounds using fixed-effect sibling comparisons, siblings exposed to more ACEs did not demonstrate higher levels of antisocial behavior, delinquent behavior, or risk for future victimization. The implications of these results for future ACEs research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47525,"journal":{"name":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice","volume":"18 1","pages":"23 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1541204019833145","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49433156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 25
The Role of Protective Factors in the Predictive Accuracy of the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY) 保护性因素在青少年暴力风险结构化评估预测准确性中的作用
IF 3.8 1区 社会学
Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1541204019837329
Melanie F. P. Soderstrom, Kristina K. Childs, P. Frick
{"title":"The Role of Protective Factors in the Predictive Accuracy of the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY)","authors":"Melanie F. P. Soderstrom, Kristina K. Childs, P. Frick","doi":"10.1177/1541204019837329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204019837329","url":null,"abstract":"The use of risk assessment instruments has become standard procedure in the juvenile justice system. Most empirical assessments of the predictive validity of these instruments concentrate on the ability of a total risk score, individual risk factors, or risk domains to predict negative juvenile outcomes but fail to consider the utility of the protective factors in influencing or moderating those risks. This study utilizes the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth to analyze the impact of protective factors on reoffending using a sample (n = 460) of postadjudication juveniles in a southern state. The overall protective domain and two specific protective factors were related to reoffending in bivariate analyses. However, protective factors did not predict reoffending when controlling for risk domains. Rather, further analyses suggest that certain protective factors buffer the effects of some of the risk domains.","PeriodicalId":47525,"journal":{"name":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice","volume":"18 1","pages":"78 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1541204019837329","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41711590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
All in the Family: An Examination of the Predictors of Visitation Among Committed Juvenile Offenders 全家人：对未成年犯探视预测因素的研究
IF 3.8 1区 社会学
Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/1541204019857123
B. Young, Carter Hay
{"title":"All in the Family: An Examination of the Predictors of Visitation Among Committed Juvenile Offenders","authors":"B. Young, Carter Hay","doi":"10.1177/1541204019857123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204019857123","url":null,"abstract":"Scholarship highlights the importance of visitation in improving the lives of prisoners across numerous domains including mental health, adjustment to confinement, and postrelease success. Although research on adult inmates has examined factors that predict visitation, no such study exists for juvenile offenders. Moreover, because this existing research has relied largely on administrative data, no study has examined how family and social contexts affect visitation. Using data collected on 2,345 youth who completed residential placement in Florida, the current study examined how qualities and histories of offenders and their families affect the likelihood, consistency, and sequencing of visits for juvenile offenders. The results suggest that youth’s demographics and offending histories, as well as their family backgrounds and relationships, affect visitation. Directions for future research and implications for policy and practice are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47525,"journal":{"name":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice","volume":"18 1","pages":"54 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1541204019857123","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47351883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
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