Examining the “Gang Penalty” in the Juvenile Justice System: A Focal Concerns Perspective

IF 1.5 1区社会学 Q2 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice Pub Date : 2020-04-15 DOI:10.1177/1541204020916238

D. Walker, Gabriel T. Cesar

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引用次数: 10

Abstract

There are hundreds of thousands of juvenile gang members in the United States who are at heightened risk of criminal offending, violent victimization, and incarceration. Importantly, however, incarceration in itself is a lifelong risk factor for negative social outcomes. That said, little is known about the effects of gang membership on the sentencing outcomes of juvenile offenders. The primary research question of the current study is: How does self-reported gang membership influence the likelihood of incarceration relative to similarly situated non-gang-involved juvenile defendants? To address this question, the current study uses data obtained from the Pathways to Desistance study. In a sample of 1,067 serious adolescent offenders drawn from Wave I, results show that gang affiliation is a significant predictor of incarceration. This finding was consistent across the two study sites (Phoenix, AZ, and Philadelphia, PA), ultimately providing support for a “gang penalty” in juvenile sentencing outcomes. The implications for future research, juvenile justice policy, and youth development are discussed.

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少年司法制度中的“帮派刑”:焦点关注视角

在美国有成千上万的青少年帮派成员，他们有很高的犯罪、暴力受害和监禁的风险。然而，重要的是，监禁本身就是负面社会后果的终身风险因素。也就是说，人们对帮派成员身份对少年犯量刑结果的影响知之甚少。本研究的主要研究问题是:自我报告的帮派成员身份如何影响相对于类似情况下没有帮派参与的青少年被告被监禁的可能性?为了解决这个问题，目前的研究使用了从“停止途径”研究中获得的数据。在从第一次浪潮中抽取的1067名严重青少年罪犯的样本中，结果表明帮派关系是监禁的重要预测因素。这一发现在两个研究地点(凤凰城，亚利桑那州和费城，宾夕法尼亚州)是一致的，最终为青少年判决结果中的“帮派惩罚”提供了支持。对未来研究、青少年司法政策和青少年发展的启示进行了讨论。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY-

CiteScore

6.90

自引率

10.50%

发文量

期刊介绍： Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice: An Interdisciplinary Journal provides academics and practitioners in juvenile justice and related fields with a resource for publishing current empirical research on programs, policies, and practices in the areas of youth violence and juvenile justice. Emphasis is placed on such topics as serious and violent juvenile offenders, juvenile offender recidivism, institutional violence, and other relevant topics to youth violence and juvenile justice such as risk assessment, psychopathy, self-control, and gang membership, among others. Decided emphasis is placed on empirical research with specific implications relevant to juvenile justice process, policy, and administration. Interdisciplinary in scope, Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice serves a diverse audience of academics and practitioners in the fields of criminal justice, education, psychology, social work, behavior analysis, sociology, law, counseling, public health, and all others with an interest in youth violence and juvenile justice.