Journal of Maxillofacial & Oral Surgery最新文献

{"title":"Exotic Keratin Pearl Degradation Mechanism by Giant Cells in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and its Plausible Hypothesis.","authors":"R Keerthika, Akhilesh Chandra, Rahul Agrawal","doi":"10.1007/s12663-024-02319-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-024-02319-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a formidable malignancy in the Indian subcontinent, characterized by high morbidity and mortality, with a dismal 5-year survival rate of 40-50%. The tumor's histopathological heterogeneity is well documented, particularly in its differentiation status, which ranges from well-differentiated lesions with prominent keratin pearls to poorly differentiated forms lacking such structures.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Existing literature has elucidated the role of neutrophils and macrophages in the degradation of keratin pearls, the involvement of multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) in this process remains cryptic.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>This study reports a novel case of a 49-year-old male with moderately differentiated OSCC, characterized by ulcerative growth in the left buccal mucosa. Histopathological analysis revealed neoplastic cell infiltration, keratinization, and abnormal mitoses, alongside the degradation of keratin pearls by large foreign body and Langhans MNGCs. This intricate keratin pearl degradation by MNGCs in OSCC highlights tumor heterogeneity and aggressiveness, offering profound insights into surgical, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy strategies. Surgeons must meticulously consider this process as a marker of aggressive behavior, warranting precise surgical planning and a multidisciplinary approach for optimal outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case emphasizes the critical role of foreign body and Langhans MNGCs in the degradation of keratin pearls within OSCC, revealing a hitherto unrecognized facet of tumor biology. This discovery holds profound implications for understanding OSCC progression, prognosis, and therapeutic responsiveness, warranting further investigation into the molecular mechanisms underpinning this process.</p>","PeriodicalId":47495,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Maxillofacial & Oral Surgery","volume":"23 5","pages":"1093-1095"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11455730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Efficacy of Aqua Titan Patch in Postoperative Sequelae After Lower Third Molar Surgery: A Prospective Study.","authors":"Vertika Srivastava, D S Gupta, Neelima Gehlot, Nimish Agarwal, Samarth Johari","doi":"10.1007/s12663-022-01845-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12663-022-01845-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy of aqua titan patch in postoperative sequelae after mandibular third molar surgery.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A total of 20 patients were selected and divided into two groups, Group A was evaluated by using Aqua titan patch with oral antibiotics and anti-inflammatory analgesics while Group B was only provided with antibiotics and anti-inflammatory analgesics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were total 20 subjects, with 4 males and 16 females. Pain was evaluated after surgical removal, where significant reduction was observed on 5 and 7th postoperative day in study group with <i>p</i> value 0.004 and 0.013, respectively. Reduction in swelling was observed to be statistically highly significant (<i>p</i> values = 0.000) in study group on 5 and 7th postoperative days. Beneficial results were obtained in study group where mouth opening was statistically significant with <i>p</i> value 0.002 on 5th and 0.049 on 7th postoperative day. For postoperative neurosensory deficit, mean values were constant and difference was found to be statistically insignificant with <i>p</i> value 0.13.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Postoperative local application of aqua titan patch in study group provided beneficial effects in terms of reduction in pain, swelling and maximum mouth opening as compared to the control group.</p>","PeriodicalId":47495,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Maxillofacial & Oral Surgery","volume":"1 1","pages":"1248-1254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11456037/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42514888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anesthetist's Perception Towards Submental Intubation: A Questionnaire Study.","authors":"Gayatri Moharana, Rajat Mohanty, Banibrata Lahiri, Asutosh Das, Sasank Annaluru","doi":"10.1007/s12663-024-02321-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-024-02321-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Submental intubation allows for the passage of an endotracheal tube through the anterior floor of the oral cavity. This allows for adequate surgical access to the regions of the mouth and the nasal pyramid with minimal to no hindrance in airflow to the lungs.</p><p><strong>Aim of the study: </strong>To explore the perception of an anaesthetist regarding the submental intubation.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A questionnaire‑based prospective randomized analysis was formatted and carried out in Odisha, India, between 20 Jan 2023 and 20 may 2023. A self-structured questionnaire consisting of 16 questions was distributed to the anaesthetists of the medical colleges in Odisha.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 97, 42 (43%) male and 45 (46%) female were familiar with the submental infiltration technique. Among the participants, 56% females and 43% males have performed and assisted in a submental intubation procedure. None of them encountered any complications or adverse events related to submental intubation (<i>p</i> = 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Out of all, 20% females and 19% males were very confident in performing submental intubation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Submental intubation is a simple, safe, quick, and relatively harmless alternative to tracheostomy for securing the airway in selected patients with craniofacial trauma. Familiarity with the submental intubation technique will help the anaesthetists to avoid tracheostomy in selected patients with craniofacial trauma who do not require long-term mechanical ventilation. But, this procedure is technique sensitive as well.</p>","PeriodicalId":47495,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Maxillofacial & Oral Surgery","volume":"23 5","pages":"1122-1126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11456098/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positions of the Mandibular Foramen and Canal in Different Skeletal Classes and Implications for Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomy.","authors":"Raquel Werczler Queiroz de Castro, Daniel Amaral Alves Marlière, Francisco Haiter Neto, Francisco Carlos Groppo, Luciana Asprino","doi":"10.1007/s12663-024-02317-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-024-02317-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the positions of the mandibular foramen (MF) and mandibular canal (MC) between different skeletal classes to highlight the implications for bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was performed using cone-beam computed tomography on 90 patients classified into classes I, II and III. Linear measurements were performed on multiplanar reconstructions as follows: from the MF to the edge of the mandibular ramus (1), to the mandibular notch (2), to the ramus width (3) and to the occlusal plane (4); and from the MC to the alveolar crest (A), to the lower border of the mandible (B) and to the mandibular buccal cortical bone (C). Mandibular thickness (D), width (E) and height (F) of the MC were measured. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) checked the reliability. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test were used to compare measurements and classes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Linear measurements 2 presented a statistically significant difference between classes I and II. There was no statistically significant difference between the classes and measurements B, C, D, E and F. Linear measurements A were shorter in class III than in class II.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although most measurements suggest that the BSSO technique does not need to be modified for each skeletal class, measurements from the MF to the mandibular notch in class II and from the MC to the alveolar crest on distal of the second molars in class III could help surgeons to recognize critical regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":47495,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Maxillofacial & Oral Surgery","volume":"23 5","pages":"1112-1121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11455715/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Tripartite Classification for Fractures of Coronoid Process of Mandible: A Retrospective Tertiary Center Study.","authors":"Arjun Mahajan, Akhilesh Kumar Singh, Naresh Kumar Sharma, Vyomika Bansal, Sudeep Kumar, Sharanya Mani, Zainab Akram","doi":"10.1007/s12663-024-02310-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-024-02310-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Coronoid process of mandible is seldom fractured during maxillofacial trauma. Majority of the cases of coronoid fracture are treated conservatively, but some lead to complications which are often overlooked. At present, the literature on coronoid fractures is inadequate for meta-analysis. Also, there exists no standardized classification in the literature. Hence, the purpose of this study was to analyze the incidence and establish a novel 'tripartite' classification.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In this study carried out at level 1 trauma center, all patients with coronoid fracture with or without associated maxillofacial fractures were included. Relevant data were noted from Hospital records and CT scans (computer tomographic scans). These cases were classified according to 'tripartite' classification and treated. Data feed was given to IBM® SPSS® statistics (version 21) for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 33 coronoid fracture patients, majority (57.57% cases) were from age group of 21-40 years with 82.85% cases attributed to road traffic accidents. 11.43% cases were bilateral, and the rest unilateral cases revealed right-side predilection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Novel tripartite classification allows us to easily categorize and visualize the coronoid fractures. Horizontal types 1 to 3 and vertical types 4 to 6 are in increasing order of incidence, which makes it easy for communication, treatment approach and record maintenance.</p>","PeriodicalId":47495,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Maxillofacial & Oral Surgery","volume":"23 5","pages":"1175-1181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11456108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carcinoma Cuniculatum, a Rare Variant of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Presentation of Five Clinical Cases and Review of the Literature.","authors":"Anna-Maria Simón, Patricia de Leyva, Cristina Cárdenas, Noemí Vieira, Mónica García, Álvaro Ranz, Ángela Bueno, Jorge Nuñez, Fernando Almeida, Manuel Picón, Julio Acero","doi":"10.1007/s12663-024-02247-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12663-024-02247-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oral carcinoma cuniculatum (CC) is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma. It exhibits a locally aggressive behaviour, and its histopathology poses a diagnostic challenge, as it can be mistaken for other conditions. We present five cases of oral CC treated at our institution and conduct a comprehensive review of the current literature.</p><p><strong>Case series: </strong>Five patients (two women and three men) were treated in our institution with a final diagnosis of oral CC. Ages ranged from 9 to 85 years at the time of diagnosis. Four patients had mandibular involvement requiring mandibulectomy and reconstruction using an osseous free flap. The diagnosis of oral CC was straightforward in the most recent cases. However, for the first two cases, the diagnosis of oral CC was established after thorough discussions between the surgeons and the pathologist regarding the similarities with recent cases. Consequently, the pathological specimens had to be retrospectively re-evaluated to confirm these diagnoses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Oral CC is a locally aggressive tumour that can present a challenge for pathologists, often leading to misdiagnosis. According to the existing literature, surgical resection with clear margins is the preferred treatment approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":47495,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Maxillofacial & Oral Surgery","volume":"23 4","pages":"972-978"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11303646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Computed Tomography in Prediction of Depth of Invasion and Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis in Oral Cancer.","authors":"Viswanth Kottakota, Dibya Falgoon Sarkar, V N Saratchandu Tadepalli, Vijaya Aditya Yadaraju, Kalla B Muralidhar, Sanketh Kotne, Muralidhar Bora, Perraju Bhaskar Bhuvan Lagudu","doi":"10.1007/s12663-024-02265-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12663-024-02265-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The primary aim is to determine the accuracy of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) in evaluation of depth of invasion (DOI) and detection of cervical node metastasis. We also analysed the relation between radiographic DOI (rDOI) and cervical lymph node metastasis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We have retrospectively reviewed 201 oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients. The rDOI was compared with histological DOI. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and negative (NPV) and positive (PPV) predictive values were evaluated for CT scan in predicting nodal metastasis. The relation between rDOI and lymph node metastasis was analysed using ROC curve.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>rDOI correlated significantly with histologic DOI for oral tongue, buccal mucosa, gingiva, and mucosal lip SCC (<i>P</i> < 0.05) and for tumours with rDOI > 5 mm. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy rate of CT scan were found to be 84.71%, 50.86%, 55.81%, 81.94% and 65.17%, respectively. Tumours with rDOI > 16 mm had significant (<i>P</i> < 0.001) chance of having neck node metastasis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CT-derived DOI correlates significantly with pathological DOI although both are not similar. CT scan can predict nodal metastasis in fairly accurate manner using the four radiographic criteria used in this study. Radiographic depth of invasion can be used as predictor of cervical node metastasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":47495,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Maxillofacial & Oral Surgery","volume":"23 4","pages":"856-863"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11303614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141907932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Safe Margins Using Immunohistochemistry in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.","authors":"Aaisha Siddiqa, Divya Jivrajani, Neelakamal H Hallur, Shereen Fatima, Chaitanya Kothari, Sadanand Shivanna Kuntaraddi","doi":"10.1007/s12663-024-02236-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12663-024-02236-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hematoxylin & Eosin (H & E) stains have been conventionally used to establish the status of safe margins following resection of primary Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Due to non-specificity of this stain, there is a possibility of false negative results. In this study, we have assessed the role of Immunohistochemistry (IHC) in establishing the status of safe margins.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare Hematoxylin & Eosin (H & E) and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining in identification of tumor cells in establishing the status of safe margins.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This study included 14 cases diagnosed with OSCC. Following resection, the primary lesion was subjected to Histopathological analysis. 2 sets of HP slides were prepared from serial sectioning of the wax block prepared for each of the four margins. Both sets of slides were stained with H &E stain. One set of these slides was further stained with Pan CK marker (IHC) which is a cytokeratin marker to identify tumour cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All the slides with H & E staining reported negative for tumor infiltration and 4 slides (3 patients) out of 56 were reported positive with PanCK marker. There was a statistically significant difference in the number of patients with positive margins using IHC as compared to H & E stain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Immunohistochemistry using PanCK marker proved to be more efficient in the determination of status of safe margins than routine H & E staining.</p>","PeriodicalId":47495,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Maxillofacial & Oral Surgery","volume":"23 4","pages":"914-917"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11303645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano-Drug Carriers for Targeted Therapeutic Approaches in Oral Cancer: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Vivekanand Kattimani, Nom Kumar Naik Bhukya, Gnana Sarita Kumari Panga, Abhisikta Chakrabarty, Prasanth Lingamaneni","doi":"10.1007/s12663-024-02251-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12663-024-02251-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Nanotechnology has shown potential in treating different types of cancers. In particular, nano-drug delivery systems (DDSs) offer a promising strategy for treating oral cancer. By customizing therapy and improving drug delivery, these systems can improve outcomes for patients. Hence, a review was conducted to assess the current evidence and explore the use of DDSs for treating oral cancer.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To comprehensively explore the nano-drug carriers and target delivery for oral cancer therapy and to discuss the benefits, challenges, and potential to guide future research and clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A systematic search of articles archived in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane using keywords such as Nano, drug carrier, target drug delivery, and oral cancer was performed to fulfill the objectives from inception till February 2, 2024. Articles providing insights into nano-drug carriers in oral cancer were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed a total of 156 articles. After duplicate removal, 136 articles were screened for title and abstract as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 113 articles were excluded with reasons. Out of the remaining 23 articles, only 11 were included for qualitative data synthesis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The literature revealed scarcity of oral cancer-related work using DDSs. Qualitative synthesis of data revealed that nano-drug carriers demonstrated a promising avenue for targeted therapeutic approaches in oral cancer, despite the challenges and their potential benefits. Continued research and development in this field are crucial to overcoming these challenges and fully realizing the potential of nano-drug carriers in revolutionizing oral cancer therapy.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12663-024-02251-z.</p>","PeriodicalId":47495,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Maxillofacial & Oral Surgery","volume":"23 4","pages":"763-771"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11303611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Cellular Cannibalism with Immunohistochemical Expression of CD31, CD68 and BCL2 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Observational Study.","authors":"R Keerthika, Anju Devi, Mala Kamboj, Anjali Narwal","doi":"10.1007/s12663-024-02217-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12663-024-02217-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Cellular cannibalism (CC) is a prime metabolic event to determine the aggressive potential of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the etiology and mechanism behind this degradation are still ambiguous. The aim of the study was to explore the etiopathogenetic mechanism behind CC, along with its association with degree of differentiation, angiogenic, phagocytic and antiapoptotic activity in OSCC.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Seventy-three tissue sections of various histological grades of OSCC were retrieved from departmental archives and scanned for cannibalistic cells. Immunohistochemical analysis using CD31, CD68, and BCL2 was performed. The data obtained were analyzed using Chi-square, Spearman's correlation test and multiple regression analysis (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CCs were present significantly in various grades of OSCC (<i>p</i> < 0.00). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a significant difference in CD68, BCL2 (<i>p</i> < 0.05 in both), and CD31 (<i>p</i> < 0.001) expression with CC. The internalized cells showed positivity for CD68 and negativity for BCL2. Regression analysis revealed that tumor grade, CD31 and BCL2 immunoreactivity were significant predictors of frequency of CC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The association of CC with degree of differentiation, CD31, CD68, and BCL2 expression could predict the biological behavior of OSCC and might serve as a promising histopathological parameter in future.</p>","PeriodicalId":47495,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Maxillofacial & Oral Surgery","volume":"23 4","pages":"881-889"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11303648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}