Journal of Maxillofacial & Oral Surgery最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) Implants in Orbital Fracture Reconstruction: A Multicenter Cohort Study.","authors":"Konstantinos Afxentiou, Raimund H M Preidl, Marco R Kesting, Adem Aksu, Achim von Bomhard, Katharina Pippich, Stefanie Wilhelm, Rainer Lutz","doi":"10.1007/s12663-025-02618-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12663-025-02618-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Orbital wall reconstruction remains a challenge in reconstructive CMF surgery due to the delicate anatomical structures and their potential functional impairment due to inefficient treatment. The use of biomaterials in reconstructive surgery has revolutionised the therapy in this area. Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has shown promising results due to its biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and versatility. This paper presents the first clinical study of the use of UHMWPE in orbital fracture reconstruction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a multicentre prospective study consisting of 50 patients undergoing orbital floor reconstruction, UHMWPE implants were used to reconstruct the orbital volume after fracture. 46 Patients underwent preoperative and postoperative 3D radiography and orbital volume segmentation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant postoperative volume reduction of the affected orbits was observed in the entire cohort (<i>p</i> < 0.001) with a significant alignment to the healthy contralateral orbits. There were no implant-related complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Orbital wall reconstruction with UHMWPE (marPOR) implants is a reliable method to restore adequate orbital volume for functional and aesthetic recovery in trauma patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":47495,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Maxillofacial & Oral Surgery","volume":"24 4","pages":"1137-1143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12316613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marginal Bone Loss Around Dental Implants and Its Association with Chronic Corticosteroid Use: A Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Reza Tabrizi, Hediyeh Koohi, Shima Moradian-Lotfi, Ensiyeh Cheraghchibashi Astaneh, Mahsa Davarpanah, Samir Aboul Hosn Centenero","doi":"10.1007/s12663-025-02608-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-025-02608-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prolonged corticosteroid use leads to glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to assess marginal bone loss around dental implants in patients with chronic corticosteroid use.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This prospective cohort study included patients who required dental implant therapy on the posterior maxilla and mandible with a history of chronic corticosteroid use (12 months or longer). A control group was considered without corticosteroids to compare marginal bone loss (MBL). The implants were loaded with cemented restorative crowns 4 months after placement. Radiographs were obtained immediately after loading and 12 months later. The vertical distance between the shoulder of the implant and the highest point of the surrounding alveolar bone was defined as the initial marginal bone surface. The use of chronic corticosteroids (12 months or more) is the primary predictive factor. Marginal bone loss (MBL) was the study's primary outcome, defined as the difference between the reference point and the new marginal bone level after 12 months. The study covariates included age, gender, implant sites, corticosteroid dose, and gingival type (thick or thin).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 154 subjects (75 cases and 79 controls) were included in our study. The mean age was 45.33 ± 10.44 and 43.37 ± 10.07 among the cases and controls, respectively (<i>p</i>-value = 0.237), and the mean corticosteroid dosage was 6.43 ± 2.50. Among the cases, 68% (<i>n</i> = 51) had bone type III, and 32% (<i>n</i> = 24) had bone type IV. Among the control group, 40.50% (<i>n</i> = 32), 58.22% (<i>n</i> = 46), and 1.26% (<i>n</i> = 1) had bone types IV, III, and II, respectively. We found a significant correlation between MBL and corticosteroid use in both the mandible (Pearson's correlation = 0.921, <i>p</i>-value < 0.001) and maxilla (Pearson's correlation = 0.871, <i>p</i>-value < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study results revealed a dose-response relationship between marginal bone loss and corticosteroid use, suggesting that prolonged corticosteroid use increases the risk of implant failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":47495,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Maxillofacial & Oral Surgery","volume":"24 4","pages":"945-951"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12316645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomaterials for Guided Bone Regeneration: Science and Rationale.","authors":"Yazad Gandhi","doi":"10.1007/s12663-025-02668-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-025-02668-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dental implant placement requires adequate bone volume. There are multiple techniques employed to augment the lost volume, using a plethora of biomaterials available. Many authors have written on the properties of a biomaterial when used in a specific indication and its behavior over time. This review puts together the basics of bone biomaterials along with a critical analysis with respect to their biologic potential, turnover and stability. It also presents a plausible recommendation of which biomaterial to use in a particular clinical presentation with a classification of biomaterials according to type, form and processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":47495,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Maxillofacial & Oral Surgery","volume":"24 4","pages":"877-885"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12316611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Assessment of the Relationship of Dental Implant Materials (Titanium and Zirconia) and Peri-Implantitis: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Deepti Shrivastava, Syed Altafuddin Quadri, Abdulkhaliq Ali F Alshadidi, Ravinder Saini, Meghna Dewan, Gustavo Vicentis Oliveira Fernandes, Kumar Chandan Srivastava","doi":"10.1007/s12663-024-02409-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12663-024-02409-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study analyzed clinical parameters to assess whether dental implant material is a risk factor for peri-implantitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature search was performed on PubMed Central, Cochrane, PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus. The PICO strategy involved healthy patient, partially or fully edentulous, receiving at least one dental implant; zirconia or titanium dental implants; comparison involving assessment of whether there were differences in the risk of peri-implantitis among different materials used for dental implants; clinical parameters. Quality assessment was performed using the modified Jadad scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nineteen articles met the inclusion criteria. BoP did not have statistically significant differences comparing zirconia and titanium implants or natural teeth. MBL had diversified results; sometimes, it was higher in zirconia implants than titanium; otherwise, there was no significant difference. Comparing implants with natural teeth, MBL was lower in titanium implants over prolonged observation periods, and greater severity was found in the zirconia group. Notably, natural teeth had minimal bone loss. Zirconia implants demonstrated reduced plaque accumulation and minimal microbial contamination compared to titanium implants and control teeth. The quality assessment was considered poor to low in 9 studies and good to excellent in 10. The development of peri-implantitis was influenced by several patient-specific and clinical factors, underscoring the need to adopt a comprehensive and personalized approach to implant dentistry and peri-implantitis prevention.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It was not possible to draft any solid conclusion for the relationship between implant material and peri-implantitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":47495,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Maxillofacial & Oral Surgery","volume":"24 4","pages":"1010-1028"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12316646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Thermal Management and Stability in Dental Implant Osteotomy: Comparing Different Irrigation Systems-A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Bhavuk Vanza, Abhay Datarkar, Anuj Jain, Abhilasha Yadav, Neha Khare, H S Varma","doi":"10.1007/s12663-025-02672-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-025-02672-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study investigates the influence of different irrigation systems on thermal management during implant osteotomy, along with their effects on implant stability and peri-implant tissue health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study comprised an initial in vitro phase using freshly sacrificed goat mandibles to compare internal and external irrigation systems versus external irrigation alone. Temperature variations were measured at multiple distances from the osteotomy site. Subsequently, a clinical trial included 26 patients receiving 30 implants, where periodontal pocket depth, crestal bone loss, and implant stability were assessed over a one-year follow-up period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the in vitro phase, both irrigation methods showed comparable thermal management, with no significant temperature differences observed between groups. Clinical outcomes from the trial demonstrated stable implant integration and negligible peri-implant tissue complications across both irrigation approaches. Periodontal pocket depths and crestal bone loss were similar between groups, indicating no significant difference in long-term outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings highlight the effectiveness of both internal and external irrigation systems, as well as external irrigation alone, in minimizing thermal damage during implant osteotomy. These irrigation methods support stable implant integration and preserve peri-implant tissue health over a one-year period. Optimized irrigation techniques are crucial for enhancing implant dentistry practices and ensuring favorable patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":47495,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Maxillofacial & Oral Surgery","volume":"24 4","pages":"937-944"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12316626/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Incidence of Cysts and Tumors Related to Impacted Mandibular Third Molars in the Thai Population.","authors":"Pornpop Rattana-Arpha","doi":"10.1007/s12663-025-02628-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-025-02628-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the frequency and types of cysts and tumors around the impacted mandibular third molars (IMTMs) in the Thai population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was a retrospective study of the histopathologic results of the lesions associated with IMTMs from January 2022 to December 2023. In addition, the age and sex of the patients, panoramic radiographs were also reviewed. The IMTMs with other impacted teeth and patient who had incomplete data record or poor quality panoramic films were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In a period of two years, the 2,355 IMTMs were removed. Among these, the incidence of cysts and tumors around IMTMs was 1.86% (44 lesions of 42 patients). The mean age was 36.07 years with male predominance. Most cases (72.73%) demonstrated unilocular radiolucency in the radiographs. The incidence of cysts around IMTMs was 1.57% with dentigerous cysts in majority. Bilateral dentigerous cysts associated with IMTMs were found in 2 patients with no underlying syndromes or systemic diseases. While the incidence of benign tumors around IMTMs was 0.29% with ameloblastoma in majority, malignancy was not found.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although the results indicated that cysts and tumors can develop in relatively small chances in a minority of patients, it was a crucial pathologic condition that cannot be underestimated due to complications after surgery. The decision to remove IMTMs requires careful thought and evaluation for individual patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":47495,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Maxillofacial & Oral Surgery","volume":"24 4","pages":"1179-1185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12316648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Versatility of Temporalis Myofascial Flap in Maxillofacial Reconstruction: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Vijay Kumar, Virendra Singh, Amrish Bhagol, Deepali Agarwal","doi":"10.1007/s12663-025-02638-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-025-02638-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evince the versatility of temporalis myofascial flap by assessing its success in patients of primary and secondary maxillofacial defects retrospectively.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A retrospective study was designed to evaluate the patients of maxillofacial abnormalities repaired using temporalis myofascial flaps during the period of 2008 and 2017. Data regarding demographics, diagnosis of the disease made, site of disease involved, treatment done, outcome and short-term complication were extracted from the past patient records. At follow-up, patients were assessed for any long-term complication, adequate mouth opening and the ability to have unrestricted liquid or soft diet. The temporalis myofascial flap was examined for suture dehiscence, marginal necrosis and infection or pus in addition to its colour.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were a total of 30 patients with equal gender distribution. There were eight patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma; five had facial palsy; three cases were of mucormycosis; two cases were of mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and post-surgical maxillary defects each and one case each of malignant melanoma, ameloblastic carcinoma, kerato-odontogenic tumour, clear cell carcinoma, ossifying fibroma, fibrosarcoma and cemento-ossifying fibroma. There were only few cases which exhibited any complication post-surgery. No significant association was found between complications observed at follow-up and age or gender or site of disease or design of flap used.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TMF could be used in a variety of maxillofacial reconstructive surgeries with minimal complications. The ease, simplicity and no technical sensitivity requirement for this flap makes it a preferable choice for the surgeons.</p>","PeriodicalId":47495,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Maxillofacial & Oral Surgery","volume":"24 4","pages":"1108-1114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12316656/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sinus Lifting Procedure Using Osseodensification Versus Osteotome Technique Via Transcrestal Approach: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Prathamesh Moreshwar Dhore, Adil Gandevivala, Srivalli Natarajan","doi":"10.1007/s12663-025-02585-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-025-02585-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this systematic review is to critically evaluate and compare the effectiveness of Osseodensification and Osteotome techniques in the transcrestal approach for sinus floor elevation in patients with posterior atrophic maxilla thereby providing valuable insights into the selection of the most appropriate approach for sinus lifting procedures.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A systematic and comprehensive search of electronic databases over the last ten years, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library, was conducted using the formulated search strategy. The protocol was registered in the International Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO)(CRD42023455968) (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=455968).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Studies consistently reported varying degrees of implant stability following both Osseodensification and Osteotome techniques. The exact quantitative differences were not uniform across studies. Findings regarding marginal bone loss were mixed and found no significant differences. Residual bone height and bone gain were generally improved with both techniques, but the magnitude of improvement varied among studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The review recognizes the potential advantages of Osseodensification but also highlights the heterogeneity in study designs and results, emphasizing the need for more comprehensive and standardized research to provide more definitive clinical guidance.</p>","PeriodicalId":47495,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Maxillofacial & Oral Surgery","volume":"24 4","pages":"929-936"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12316647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward Precision Diagnosis of Maxillofacial Pathologies by Artificial Intelligence Algorithms: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Meysam Rahmanzadeh, Auob Rustamzadeh, Enam Alhagh Gorgich, Hajir Mehrbani, Arezoo Aghakouchakzadeh","doi":"10.1007/s12663-025-02664-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-025-02664-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This review highlights the potential of artificial intelligence algorithms, including machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), in improving the diagnosis and management of oral and maxillofacial diseases through advanced imaging techniques such as computerized tomography (CT) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The current review was conducted on the basis of ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar (2010-2024) using keywords related to radiography, MRI, CT, CBCT, ML, DL, and maxillofacial pathology, with a focus on clinical applications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The DL algorithms for detecting vertical root fractures achieved a diagnostic accuracy of 89.0% for premolars, with a sensitivity of 84.0% and specificity of 94.0%. It demonstrated an accuracy of 93% and a specificity of 88% in evaluating CBCT images. The GoogLeNet Inception v3 architecture achieved an AUC of 0.914, sensitivity of 96.1%, and specificity of 77.1% for CBCT, outperforming the panoramic radiograph, which had an AUC of 0.847, sensitivity of 88.2%, and specificity of 77.0%. CBCT demonstrated higher diagnostic accuracy (91.4%) than panoramic images (84.6%), with odontogenic cystic lesions exhibiting the highest accuracy. The U-Net-based DL algorithm achieves recall, precision, and F1 scores of 0.742, 0.942, and 0.831 for metastatic lymph nodes, and 0.782, 0.990, and 0.874 for nonmetastatic lymph nodes, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the superior anatomical detail of CBCT, making it more reliable for diagnosing oral and dentomaxillofacial disorders. DL algorithms demonstrate high accuracy and sensitivity in diagnosing dental and odontogenic disorders and often outperform radiologists.</p>","PeriodicalId":47495,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Maxillofacial & Oral Surgery","volume":"24 4","pages":"1151-1178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12316632/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Zygomatic Implants in Orbital Floor Complications: A Clinical and Anatomical Study.","authors":"Rafal Zielinski, Jakub Okulski, Wojciech Simka, Jerzy Sowinski, Jan Łoś, Marcin Kozakiewicz","doi":"10.1007/s12663-024-02403-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12663-024-02403-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>One of the most critical complications that can occur after placing zygomatic implants is the accidental penetration of the patient's eye socket by a drill or implant. This article aims to find some relationships between the anatomical features of the lower orbital wall, different configuration of zygomatic implants, and other factors when planning the placement of zygomatic implants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 81 patients underwent zygomatic implant procedures, receiving different combinations of implants. These included four zygomatic implants along with one or two conventional implants (Group I), four zygomatic implants alone (Group II), two zygomatic implants paired with four conventional implants (Group III), or three zygomatic implants alongside one or two conventional implants (Group IV). The aim of the study was to describe the complications and clinical outcomes of treatment in 81 patients who received zygomatic implants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The following parameters were statistically significant between all four groups of patients: height and distance of two zygomatic implants in the zygomatic bone; surgery type and duration; the distance between zygomatic implants in the zygomatic bone; and zygomatic orbital floor (ZOF) classification at the left side showed significant differences; intramaxillary insertion of zygomatic implants reduced the rupture of Schneiderian's membrane; the average of zygomatic implants' length in all groups was 42.8 mm.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Not damaging the ZOF is profoundly important for preventing orbital damage during osteotomy for zygomatic implants and should be measured before every surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":47495,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Maxillofacial & Oral Surgery","volume":"24 4","pages":"989-1003"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12316615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}