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The New Form Agency Problem: Cooperation and Circular Agency 新形式代理问题:合作与循环代理
4区 经济学
B E Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.1515/bejeap-2022-0188
Chun-Hung Chen, Kuan-Wei Chen, Yu-Fan Chen, Chia-Yin Lin
{"title":"The New Form Agency Problem: Cooperation and Circular Agency","authors":"Chun-Hung Chen, Kuan-Wei Chen, Yu-Fan Chen, Chia-Yin Lin","doi":"10.1515/bejeap-2022-0188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2022-0188","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study explores cooperation in the circular agency problem. In circular agency, an agent has weak power in the face of its principal. This research explores a cooperation mechanism in which three participants simultaneously have the identity of principal and agent, in order to illuminate the power struggle between the board of directors, the external shareholder, and the manager of a company. We use the equilibrium results to explain the phenomenon of cooperation between members of the enterprise in practice. Our results have implications for firm governance.","PeriodicalId":47400,"journal":{"name":"B E Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy","volume":"9 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135431363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Data-Driven Health Innovation and Privacy Regulation 数据驱动的健康创新和隐私监管
4区 经济学
B E Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1515/bejeap-2023-0020
Chiara Conti, Anna D’Annunzio, Pierfrancesco Reverberi
{"title":"Data-Driven Health Innovation and Privacy Regulation","authors":"Chiara Conti, Anna D’Annunzio, Pierfrancesco Reverberi","doi":"10.1515/bejeap-2023-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2023-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Data-driven health innovation may lead to develop targeted treatments using health data. We consider privacy-sensitive patients who may decide to share personal health data if compensated. Each patient does not internalize the impact of sharing data on drug innovation. We show that investment incentives in targeted treatments are too weak as long as such innovation has a public good nature so that patients can free ride on sharing health data. Then, privacy protection measures reducing data sharing risks can promote pharmaceutical R&D and social welfare.","PeriodicalId":47400,"journal":{"name":"B E Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy","volume":"4 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135161305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Effect of Elevating the Supplemental Poverty Measure on Government Program Eligibility and Spending 提高贫困补助标准对政府项目资格和支出的影响
4区 经济学
B E Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.1515/bejeap-2023-0203
Kevin Corinth
{"title":"The Effect of Elevating the Supplemental Poverty Measure on Government Program Eligibility and Spending","authors":"Kevin Corinth","doi":"10.1515/bejeap-2023-0203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2023-0203","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A recent National Academy of Sciences report recommends elevating the Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM) to the “nation’s headline poverty statistic.” I project how making the SPM the official poverty measure would affect eligibility for government assistance programs whose eligibility thresholds are tied to the official poverty line. Making the SPM the official poverty measure would increase the poverty line for a family of four by 20 percent in 2024. The eligibility threshold for a family of four would consequentially increase by $8320 for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), $8512 for Medicaid adults, and by larger amounts for Medicare Part D Low Income Subsidies, the National School Lunch Program, and Affordable Care Act premium subsidies (once temporarily relaxed eligibility rules are restored in 2026). Effects on eligibility thresholds would grow over time because the SPM thresholds grow faster over time than the current official thresholds. As a result of the higher eligibility thresholds, I estimate that in 2024 SNAP would cover 2.0 million additional households with spending rising by $2.6 billion, and that Medicaid would cover 1.3 million additional recipients with spending rising by $5.6 billion.","PeriodicalId":47400,"journal":{"name":"B E Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy","volume":"30 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136019411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Estimating the Socio-Economic Status of the U.S. Capitol Insurrectionists 估计美国国会起义军的社会经济地位
4区 经济学
B E Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.1515/bejeap-2023-0255
John Komlos
{"title":"Estimating the Socio-Economic Status of the U.S. Capitol Insurrectionists","authors":"John Komlos","doi":"10.1515/bejeap-2023-0255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2023-0255","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The income of those who attacked the U.S. Congress on January 6, 2021 and were subsequently arrested is estimated for the first time using the annual per-capita income in the neighborhood of their residence as a proxy measure. Contrary to common wisdom, we find that two groups were conspicuously underrepresented from this subset of the insurrectionists ( N = 933): the utterly poor (whose estimated per- capita income was below $15 K), as well as those whose estimated annual per-capita income was above $50 K per annum. Fully 83.3 % of the arrestees resided in areas with a (five-year average) annual per capita income between $20 K and $50 K (in 2020 prices). This finding dovetails with the argument that the right-wing populist movement in the U.S. is driven largely by the struggling lower-middle class who have been left behind by the transition from an industrial to a knowledge economy. The public policy implications point to the amelioration of this distributional deficit.","PeriodicalId":47400,"journal":{"name":"B E Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136105104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Effect of Soft Skills on Academic Outcomes 软技能对学业成绩的影响
4区 经济学
B E Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy Pub Date : 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.1515/bejeap-2022-0342
Shao-Hsun Keng
{"title":"The Effect of Soft Skills on Academic Outcomes","authors":"Shao-Hsun Keng","doi":"10.1515/bejeap-2022-0342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2022-0342","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper uses administrative data and a soft skill index integrating seven personality traits to examine the relationship between soft skills and academic outcomes. I exploit the timing of soft skill assessment and study the interaction between soft and cognitive skills in education production. The results show that soft skills are positively associated with academic outcomes. Soft and cognitive skills are both substitutes and complements in education production. The complementarity between both skills is asymmetric. Soft skills and returns to cognitive skills exhibit a U-shaped relationship, while returns to soft skills fail to show such a relationship with cognitive skills. Time-use data suggest that soft skills may have a causal effect on academic achievements, and increased study time is a mechanism through which soft skills affect these outcomes. Soft skills can reduce inequality in academic outcomes due to differences in cognitive ability. Investment in non-cognitive skills can be quite rewarding.","PeriodicalId":47400,"journal":{"name":"B E Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy","volume":"33 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135220248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gender Differences and Firm Performance: Evidence from India 性别差异与企业绩效:来自印度的证据
4区 经济学
B E Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.1515/bejeap-2022-0049
Aditi Roy
{"title":"Gender Differences and Firm Performance: Evidence from India","authors":"Aditi Roy","doi":"10.1515/bejeap-2022-0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2022-0049","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Despite a growing literature investigating the effect of gender diversity of CEOs and firm performance, the answer is still unclear. This study estimates the effect of gender differences in ownership and Leadership (CEOs) on firm performance simultaneously. The paper exploits a unique data from more than 9000 Indian firms by using fixed effects and propensity score matching techniques. Findings reveal a positive significant effect of female CEOs on firm performance but no definite effect of female owners on firm performance. The effect is more prominent in progressive and high-sex ratio states in India. Third, the evidence suggests potential payoffs to firms that adopt gender-inclusive policies intended to increase the share of female CEOs in India. Results confirm no bias from unobservable covariates.","PeriodicalId":47400,"journal":{"name":"B E Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136078076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Search and Matching in Political Corruption 政治腐败中的搜索与匹配
4区 经济学
B E Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy Pub Date : 2023-10-09 DOI: 10.1515/bejeap-2023-0022
Maurizio Lisciandra, Antonio Miralles Asensio, Fabio Monteforte
{"title":"Search and Matching in Political Corruption","authors":"Maurizio Lisciandra, Antonio Miralles Asensio, Fabio Monteforte","doi":"10.1515/bejeap-2023-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2023-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We develop a search and matching model to analyze the dynamics of the political corruption market. This model serves as a framework for evaluating the effectiveness of a set of anti-corruption policies. Contrary to expectations, conventional policies such as enhancing penalties or allocating greater resources to criminal investigations do not universally emerge as the most effective tools. For mitigating small-scale political corruption, the optimal strategy is to curtail corruption signaling, achieved, for instance, through enhancing transparency and competitiveness in the exchanges between entrepreneurs and politicians. For large-scale corruption, raising the costs of corruption signaling proves less effective as a deterrent compared to ex-post policy measures, such as improved detection effectiveness and harsher sanctions.","PeriodicalId":47400,"journal":{"name":"B E Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135044402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Frontmatter 头版头条
4区 经济学
B E Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1515/bejeap-2023-frontmatter4
{"title":"Frontmatter","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/bejeap-2023-frontmatter4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2023-frontmatter4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47400,"journal":{"name":"B E Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135810745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Early Childhood Education Attendance and Students’ Later Outcomes in Europe 欧洲儿童早期教育出勤率与学生的后期成就
4区 经济学
B E Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1515/bejeap-2022-0260
Daniela Del Boca, Chiara Monfardini, Sarah Grace See
{"title":"Early Childhood Education Attendance and Students’ Later Outcomes in Europe","authors":"Daniela Del Boca, Chiara Monfardini, Sarah Grace See","doi":"10.1515/bejeap-2022-0260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2022-0260","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The importance of investments in early childhood education (ECE) has been widely documented in the literature. Among the benefits, particularly for children from disadvantaged backgrounds, is its potential to mitigate educational inequality. However, some evidence also suggests that the positive effects of ECE on later outcomes tend to dissipate over time, leaving children who attended such programmes no better off academically than those who did not. This paper studies the relationship between students’ years spent in ECE, from 0 to before starting primary school, and the results of their educational assessment outcomes at age 15. Using PISA survey data for 14 European countries from 2015 to 2018, we conduct a cross-country comparison of student performance in reading, mathematics, and science, correlating the results to the duration of ECE attendance. Our findings show that duration in ECE is associated with better assessments at age 15, but that the benefit is nonlinear and peaks at 3–4 years of attendance. Gender and migration background are associated with student performance on the assessments; but we don’t find evidence of heterogeneity in the relationship between ECE duration and test outcomes based on gender and migration background. Instead, we document differential effects of ECE duration according to age of entry to ECE, mother’s education, and the type of educational system attended.","PeriodicalId":47400,"journal":{"name":"B E Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135606587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Relational Voluntary Environmental Agreements with Unverifiable Emissions 不可核查排放的相关自愿环境协定
4区 经济学
B E Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1515/bejeap-2022-0464
Berardino Cesi, Alessio D’Amato
{"title":"Relational Voluntary Environmental Agreements with Unverifiable Emissions","authors":"Berardino Cesi, Alessio D’Amato","doi":"10.1515/bejeap-2022-0464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2022-0464","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Environmental regulation and pollution control may clash against the presence of unverifiable tasks, like source-specific emissions. To tackle this issue, we reshape a voluntary agreement instrument, already available in the existing literature, from a dynamic perspective by means of a relational contracting approach. We define a Relational Voluntary Environmental Agreement (RVEA) in an N firms symmetric context, and show that even if emissions are not contractible across firms, and therefore enforcement cannot be delegated to a third party, if firms are sufficiently patient, a self-enforcing RVEA induces the achievement of the environmental objective. Finally, our welfare analysis reveals a notable result: our RVEA can imply less free riding and be welfare-improving with respect to a Voluntary Environmental Agreement enforced by a third party (along the lines of McEvoy, D. M., and J. K. Stranlund. 2010. “Costly Enforcement of Voluntary Environmental Agreements.” Environmental and Resource Economics 47: 45–63).","PeriodicalId":47400,"journal":{"name":"B E Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135243668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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