Jacob Glazer, Thomas McGuire, Sharon-Lise T Normand
{"title":"Mitigating the Problem of Unmeasured Outcomes in Quality Reports.","authors":"Jacob Glazer, Thomas McGuire, Sharon-Lise T Normand","doi":"10.2202/1935-1682.1738","DOIUrl":"10.2202/1935-1682.1738","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quality reports or profiles of health care providers are inevitably based on only a measurable subset of the \"outputs\" of the organization. Hospitals, for example, are being profiled on their mortality in the cardiac area but not in some other areas where mortality does not seem to be the appropriate measure of quality. If inputs used for outputs included in the profile also affect outputs outside the scope of the profile, it can be taken into account in constructing a profile of the measured outputs. This paper presents a theory for how such a commonality in production should be taken into account in designing a profile for a hospital or other health care provider. We distinguish between \"conventional\" weights in a quality profile, and \"optimal\" weights that take into account a commonality in the production process. The basic idea is to increase the weights on discharges for which output is measured that use inputs that are important to other discharges whose outputs are not included in the profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":47400,"journal":{"name":"B E Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy","volume":"8 2","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2872781/pdf/nihms114143.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29006784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Indirect Costs and Discounting in Health Care Decision-Making: The Role of Distortionary Taxation","authors":"Liu Liqun, J. RettenmaierAndrew, R. SavingThomas","doi":"10.2202/1538-0645.1512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1538-0645.1512","url":null,"abstract":"Two important unresolved issues in the evaluation of health care programs are the treatment of indirect costs and the selection of the appropriate discount rate. This paper emphasizes the role of distortionary taxation in addressing these issues. It establishes that: (i) indirect government-paid costs should be treated differently from indirect privately-paid costs; (ii) direct and indirect government costs of a health program should be discounted by the gross rate of return, while consumers' monetary valuations of the program's effects, less direct private costs, should be discounted at the net rate of return; and (iii) the present value of total government costs should be multiplied by a marginal cost of funds before it is comparable to the present value of net private benefits.","PeriodicalId":47400,"journal":{"name":"B E Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2006-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83278996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Religious Market Structure, Religious Participation, and Outcomes: Is Religion Good for You?","authors":"H. GruberJonathan","doi":"10.1515/1538-0637.1454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/1538-0637.1454","url":null,"abstract":"Religion plays an important role in the lives of many Americans, but there is relatively little study by economists of the implications of religiosity for economic outcomes. This likely reflects the enormous difficulty inherent in separating the causal effects of religiosity from other factors that are correlated with outcomes. In this paper, I propose a potential solution to this long standing problem, by noting that a major determinant of religious participation is religious market density, or the share of the population in an area which is of an individual’s religion. I make use of the fact that exogenous predictions of market density can be formed based on area ancestral mix. That is, I relate religious participation and economic outcomes to the correlation of the religious preference of one’s own heritage with the religious preference of other heritages that share one’s area. I use the General Social Survey (GSS) to model the impact of market density on church attendance, and micro-data from the 1990 Census to model the impact on economic outcomes. I find that a higher market density leads to a significantly increased level of religious participation, and as well to better outcomes according to several key economic indicators: higher levels of education and income, lower levels of welfare receipt and disability, higher levels of marriage, and lower levels of divorce.","PeriodicalId":47400,"journal":{"name":"B E Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy","volume":"323 1","pages":"1-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75114557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}