Applied Physics A最新文献

{"title":"Innovative high sensitivity, selectivity, and low birefringence limit based blood cell detection in terahertz spectrum with octagonal core refractive index sensing","authors":"A. H. M. Iftekharul Ferdous,&nbsp;Kayab Khandakar,&nbsp;Sakhawat Hossain,&nbsp;Khalid Sifulla Noor,&nbsp;Mahmoud M. A. Eid,&nbsp;Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08450-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08450-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biosensors are crucial for identifying different blood components. In this work, we introduce an octagonal core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) structured like a spider for very effective blood cell identification. The Finite Element Method (FEM) in COMSOL Multiphysics is used to investigate the optical and sensing properties of the sensor. Maxwell’s equations are quantitatively solved over the 0.5–1.3 THz frequency range. Achieving high relative sensitivity (RS), low effective material loss (EML), low confinement loss (CL), a large effective area (EA) and spot size for various blood components is the main emphasis of the investigation. Zeonex polymer, well-known for its outstanding THz domain optical characteristics, is used in cladding fabrication of the PCF At 1 THz, the proposed PCF sensor exhibits outstanding performance with a relative sensitivity of around 92.06% for glucose, 92.78% for plasma, 93.45% for white blood cells (WBCs), and 95.64% for red blood cells (RBCs). Since the octagonal core structure produces almost the same results for both x- and y-polarization modes, the research mainly investigates the x-polarization mode.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00339-025-08450-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interface induced uniaxial magnetic anisotropy and modified domain patterns in crosslinked silica aerogel/Ni80Fe20 heterostructures","authors":"K. Z. Islam,&nbsp;D. Timsina,&nbsp;F. Sabri,&nbsp;S. D. Pollard","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08449-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08449-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Silica aerogels have emerged as promising candidates as platforms for a variety of devices, including those used for magnetic logic and sensing. However, their non-planar structure also poses challenges for their use as substrates for thin film devices. For example, substrate disorder is established to strongly influence anisotropy in thin film magnetic materials. Here, we evaluate the substrate effect on induced uniaxial anisotropy in permalloy (Py) thin films and patterned structures, wherein the uniaxial anisotropy is clearly linked to a directionality of the magnetization hysteresis and modifications to zero field domain structures relative to a standard thermally oxidized Si substrate. The strength and direction of this anisotropy vary with location, indicating its non-uniform nature, and is estimated to be as large as 700 J/m³ for 25 nm thick permalloy films, and decreases with increasing Py thickness. This substrate induced anisotropy is strong enough to modify the domain structures present in patterned magnetic elements and can have significant implications for the development of magnetic devices on aerogel substrates. Results are compared and found to be consistent with micromagnetic modelling of expected domain structures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00339-025-08449-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"920℃ high-temperature wetting behaviors of molten aluminum on laser-textured cast iron surface","authors":"Xin Lyu,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Rui,&nbsp;Haobo Sun,&nbsp;Chao Mei,&nbsp;Wandong Cheng,&nbsp;Kang Lu,&nbsp;Yun Dong","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08453-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08453-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the anti-wetting behavior of liquid aluminum on microtextured QT700 cast iron surfaces for vacuum ladle applications. Periodic surface microstructures (micro-circular grooves, micro-pits, micro-grooves) are fabricated on QT700 substrates via nanosecond laser processing, with subsequent aluminum wetting dynamics analyzed at 900 °C using an advanced sessile drop apparatus equipped with high-speed imaging. Results demonstrate that all laser-generated microstructures inhibit aluminum wetting, exhibiting higher equilibrium contact angles compared to smooth surfaces. Micro-pit patterns show the most significant anti-wetting effect, achieving a maximum contact angle of 77°. Cross-sectional SEM-EDS analysis reveals vertical growth of intermetallic compounds at three-phase junctions, which mechanically pin the contact line through capillary force-induced reaction enhancement. Notably, the intermetallic layer thickness exceeds laser-ablated groove depth, resulting in similar final interface morphologies across textured and smooth surfaces. These findings provide mechanistic insights for designing non-wetting ladle linings through controlled interfacial reactions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00339-025-08453-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of self-healing strain sensor based on AgNWs and Fe2O3 nanocomposite on engineered polyurethane substrate","authors":"Shahab Alam,&nbsp;Arfa Asif,&nbsp;Maryam Bibi,&nbsp;Gul Hassan,&nbsp;Ahmed Shuja,&nbsp;Illahi Jan Shah,&nbsp;Zubair Ibrahim","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08438-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08438-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of flexible and self-healing electromechanical sensors has garnered increasing attention recently because of its numerous applications in various sectors. A simple, low-cost sandwich-structured strain sensor was made employing silver nanowires (AgNWs) and ferric oxide (Fe₂O₃) nanocomposite on an engineered Polyurethane (PU) substrate with good sensitivity, bendability, stretchability, and self-healing. With a GF of 42.84 at 30% of applied strain, the nanocomposite-based strain sensor PU/(AgNWs/Fe₂O₃)/PU is highly sensitive. Due to many factors, including the magnetic force of iron oxide healing the conductive layer and reverse hydrogen bonding healing the PU substrate, the fatigued PU/(AgNWs/Fe₂O₃)/PU nanocomposite film caused by repetitive cyclic loading can self-heal. Stretchability up to 30% and sensor recovery of 95% after cutting and healing, the constructed strain sensor displayed a stable response and restored its resistance to its original location. Additionally, the AgNWs/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite strain sensor is stable and durable with 10,000 endurance cycles. With frequent finger bending and wrist movement, the current and resistance changed very regularly. The strain sensor PU/(AgNWs/Fe₂O₃)/PU can detect body actions and restrain physiological signals like finger and wrist joint movements due to its increased performance. Thus, the wearable sensor is expected to track human body mobility and detect physiological signals over time. Thus, these findings may aid the creation of self-healing wearable strain sensors and electrical gadgets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dopant-induced structural modifications and thermoelectric properties in Al1.2Fe1.9M0.1B₂ intermetallic borides (M = Ag, Ni, Sb, Ga, Ge)","authors":"D. Sivaprahasam,&nbsp;R. Preyadarshini,&nbsp;A. Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08440-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08440-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>AlFe₂B₂, a ternary transition metal boride doped with Ag, Ni, Sb, Ga, and Ge, was investigated for the phase constituents, microstructure, and thermoelectric (TE) properties. The parent compound with 20% excess Al (Al_1.2Fe₂B₂), prepared by vacuum arc melting, contains orthorhombic AlFe₂B₂ and FeB. Additional phases, such as Ag₅Al, AlNi₃, Al₃Ni₂, AlSb, and AlB₂, were formed upon 5% doping (Ag, Ni, Sb, etc.) at the Fe site. The change in lattice parameters (a, b, and c) of the Al_1.2Fe₂B₂ phase with Ag, Ni, and Sb-doping is small; however, it increases noticeably in Ga and Ge-doped compounds. The Ga-doped sample shows only FeB as a secondary phase; however, the AlB₂ phase is observed in Ge-doped AlFe₂B₂. The microstructure investigated in Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) shows the AlFe₂B₂ matrix is chemically homogenous in all samples, except the Ga-doped one, with uniformly distributed single or multiple secondary phases. The Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG) results show that all the dopants lower the peritectic reaction temperature of the AlFe₂B₂ formation, indicating the structure destabilizes. The measured TE properties show that AlFe₂B₂ is an n-type compound with electrical conductivity in the range of 0.35–0.46 × 10⁶ S/m. Adding Ag, Ni, Ga, and Ge only marginally alters the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity. The noticeable improvement in the Seebeck coefficient, with negligible change in electrical conductivity, resulted in the highest power factor of 0.4mW/mK² for the Sb-doped sample. The thermal conductivity of AlFe₂B₂, which ranges from 6.4 to 9.1 W/m.K between 300 and 773 K, decreases with Sb doping to 5.2–8.5 W/m·K, resulting in a maximum zT of 0.04 at 773 K.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizations and development of Sn-6.5Zn-0.5Cu-0.2Ni lead-free solder doped with titanium oxide and zirconium oxide nanoparticles for microelectronic applications","authors":"H. S. Mohamed,&nbsp;M. A. Mahmoud,&nbsp;M. M. Mousa","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08332-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08332-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Stricter specifications have been set on the characteristics of Sn-Zn-Cu-Ni lead-free solders due to the advancement of microelectronic packaging and the growing need for solder joints to have specialized service environments. Therefore, nanoparticles have been widely used to enhance the properties of such solders. This study aimed to investigate the effect of TiO₂ and ZrO₂ nanoparticles on characterizations for Sn-6.5Zn-0.5Cu-0.2Ni lead-free solder. Thermal properties such as the melting temperature, solidus, and liquidus temperatures, as well as the pasty range and heat of fusion of Sn-Zn-Cu-Ni, Sn-Zn-Cu-Ni-TiO₂, and Sn-Zn-Cu-Ni-ZrO₂ solders, were investigated by the Differential Temperature Analysis (DTA) technique. Also, the electrical resistivity, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and the temperature coefficient of resistance were measured at different testing temperatures. From microstructure analysis, the lattice parameters, unit cell volume, and crystal size of the β-Sn matrix are improved by adding TiO₂ or ZrO₂ nanoparticles. Also, the grain size of the β-Sn is decreased with a uniform distribution of intermetallic compounds upon adding TiO₂ or ZrO₂ nanoparticles. The internal friction, thermal diffusivity, and Young’s modulus were enhanced with the addition of TiO₂ or ZrO₂ nanoparticles, and the best effect is for ZrO₂ nanoparticles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00339-025-08332-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic tuning of WS3/rGO nanocomposites for optimized electrochemical hydrogen evolution","authors":"Ashna Verma,&nbsp; Shreya,&nbsp;Peeyush Phogat,&nbsp;N. L. Singh,&nbsp;Ranjana Jha","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08439-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08439-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study explores the synthesis and characterization of a composite material comprising tungsten trisulfide (WS₃) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), investigating the role of the variation of constituent materials and their role in optimizing the properties. A series of rGO/WS₃ nanocomposites has been synthesized and found that their properties can be precisely controlled by modifying the ratio of their constituent materials. The combination of these two materials, along with minor adjustments to the rGO proportions, resulted in improved structural, optical, and morphological properties, as well as enhanced electrocatalyst stability. The as-synthesized WS₃/rGO nanocomposites exhibited absorbance in both the UV and visible regions, with the band gap varying from 0.98 eV to 1.51 eV. Morphological analysis revealed that as the rGO content increased, the visibility of rGO nanosheets within the nanocomposites also proportionally increased. This synergy between WS₃ and rGO improves the overall electrochemical and optoelectronic performance, proving the material’s potential for advanced energy storage and conversion applications. Electrochemical characterization revealed the coexistence of both diffusive and capacitive behavior, which became more pronounced with increasing rGO content. The WS₃/rGO nanocomposites exhibited specific capacitance values ranging from 0.2 F/g to 0.05 F/g. Additionally, the decrease in specific capacitance with increasing scan rate suggests the presence of pseudocapacitive behavior. This dual functionality highlights the tunability of WS₃/rGO composites, offering a versatile approach for optimizing these materials for both energy storage and hydrogen production applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Interpretable phase structure and hardness prediction of multi-principal element alloys through ensemble learning","authors":"Xiaohui Li,&nbsp;Zicong Li,&nbsp;Chenghao Hou,&nbsp;Nan Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08415-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08415-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of Co3O4 doped resorcinol formaldehyde xerogels and their supercapacitor performance","authors":"Satiye Korkmaz,&nbsp;İ. A. Kariper,&nbsp;E. Ceyran,&nbsp;E. Bolsu Kariper","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08441-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08441-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study successfully performs supercapacitor performances of cobalt oxide (Co₃O₄)-doped resorcinol formaldehyde (RF) xerogels. The results reveal a maximum specific capacitance (CS) value of 135.1 Fg^− 1 for the 25%-Co₃O₄ doped RF xerogel electrode at 0.1 Ag^− 1 current density, indicating a promising performance. The maximum energy density is 31.39 Whkg^− 1 for the 25% Co₃O₄-doped RF xerogel electrode at 0.1 Ag^− 1 current density, suggesting a high potential for energy storage. The maximum power density is 744.33 Wkg^− 1 for the 50% Co₃O₄ doped RF xerogel electrode at 0.4 Ag^− 1 current density, demonstrating a significant power output.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00339-025-08441-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing energy from low-frequency and low-amplitude vibrating sources using triboelectric nano generator","authors":"Kanimozhi Kannabiran,&nbsp;B. Raja Mohamed Rabi,&nbsp;Booma Jayapalan,&nbsp;L. Thanga Palani","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08443-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08443-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ability to transform mechanical energy into electrical power is an innovative feature of Dielectric Elastomer Generators (DEGs) that have emerged as promising electromechanical devices for harvesting energy from unexpected sources. DEGs are different from conventional energy harvesting techniques in that they are compact, have an easy-to-fabricate structure, and are devoid of any revolving parts. One self-powered subclass of DEGs that excels in extracting energy from low-frequency and low-amplitude mechanical sources is the triboelectric Nano generator (TENG). In order to fully examine the performance of TENGs in practical circumstances, this work presents a modified model that accounts for variations in amplitude, frequency, and the relative permittivity of the layers of elastomer. This study investigates the performance of a modified triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) using both experimental and simulation methods. A custom-designed TENG prototype was fabricated using elastomer materials Silk fibroin as top layer and PET as bottom layer with varying dielectric constants. Experimental assessments were carried out using a low-frequency mechanical shaker, while COMSOL Multiphysics and MATLAB were employed for simulations. Key parameters affecting TENG performance—frequency, relative permittivity, and separation distance were analyzed. Results indicate that output voltage increases with frequency up to 65 Hz, beyond which it stabilizes. Higher relative permittivity materials significantly enhance charge storage, leading to improved voltage and power generation. An optimal separation distance of 0.2 mm was identified for maximizing electrostatic interactions. Comparative analysis with existing models confirms the predictive accuracy of the modified performance model. These findings highlight the potential of TENGs for efficient low-frequency energy harvesting in wearable and environmental applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}