Applied Physics A最新文献

{"title":"Negative photoconductivity in HgCdTe layers under illumination with millimeter waves","authors":"Nataliia Kukhtaruk,&nbsp;Fedir Sizov,&nbsp;Viacheslav Zabudsky,&nbsp;Zinoviia Tsybrii,&nbsp;Ihor Lysiuk","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08463-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08463-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper we report the negative photoconductivity in Hg_1 − x Cd_xTe (Mercury-Cadmium-Telluride – MCT) under millimeter light illumination observed experimentally in MCT thin layers. We investigated photoconductivity in thin layers of narrow-gap Hg_1 − x Cd_xTe of different composition (from x = 0.2 to x = 0.305) and conductivity type (both n- and p-type) that were grown epitaxially or obtained by mechanical and chemical thinning of MCT single crystals and integrated with metal antennas. The temperature dependences of the photoresponse were obtained theoretically and experimentally in the temperature range of 77..300 K in which both positive and negative photoconductivity were observed. The reasons that may cause the negative photoconductivity at different conditions are considered within the framework of the hot electron bolometer model. It was found that not only parameters of the semiconductor, dimensions of the sample and its temperature, but also the dimensions of an antenna and the properties of its contact with the semiconductor impact the photoconductivity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulations of the efficiency of BiFeO3 perovskite solar cells","authors":"S. Reema Sagitha,&nbsp;V. Aravindan,&nbsp;M. Mahendran,&nbsp;M. Nandha Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08424-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08424-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar cells, owing to their high-power conversion efficiency (η %) and low-cost fabrication. In this study, we investigate the effect of Bismuth Ferrite oxide (BiFeO₃) in the perovskite layer of PSC to enhance the η. The aim of our study is to improve the performance of BiFeO₃ PSC by utilizing a variety of Electron Transport Layers (ETLs), including PCBM, ZnO, TiO₂, C₆₀, IGZO, SnO₂, WS₂, and CeO₂, as well as Hole Transport Layers (HTLs), including Cu₂O, CuSCN, CuSbS₂, NiO, P₃HT, PEDOT: PSS, Spiro-MeOTAD, CuI, CuO, V₂O₅, CBTS, and CFTS. Furthermore, we examined the effect of temperature, series and shunt resistances, various metal contacts, and the thickness of various layers. Future design and optimization of stable and efficient PSCs for photovoltaics may be facilitated by the proposed studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SiC embedded in coral-shaped Ni-Co-P nanohybrids for enhanced overall water electrolysis performance","authors":"Xin-Ping Wang,&nbsp;Ming-Xing Yu,&nbsp;Xing-Hao Qu,&nbsp;Gui-Mei Shi,&nbsp;Xiao-Lei Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08442-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08442-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, we prepared nano SiC embedded Ni-Co-P nanohybrid (NCP-SiC) by one-step composite electrodeposition on nickel foam. Meanwhile, we evaluated their enhanced electrocatalytic performance toward hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction (HER and OER) and overall water splitting in an alkaline aqueous solution compared with NCP. The studies show the NCP-SiC nanohybrid electrocatalysts composed of bimetallic Ni-Co/Ni₂P/CoP nanohybrid encapsulating nano SiC, taking a coral shape, which has an overpotential of only 71 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm² and a Tafel slope of 32.5 mV/dec. Moreover, NCP-SiC electrocatalysts possess bifunctional catalytic characteristics with an overall water-separation overpotential of only 1.57 V. These excellent electrocatalytic performances result from the incorporating effect of the nano SiC with the Ni-Co-P nanohybrids that own unique morphology and structure features. The resulting heterostructures accelerated the electron transfer, increased the active sites on the surface, and reduced the required activation energy, which leads to improved electrocatalytic activity. This work provides a workable strategy for semiconductor materials in improving total hydrolysis for hydrogen production applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gd-doped Ni–Zn ferrite nanoparticles: an approach to enhance photocatalytic efficiency through property tuning","authors":"Dhriti Kalita,&nbsp;Mritunjoy Prasad Ghosh,&nbsp;Rahul Sonkar,&nbsp;Nur Jalal Mondal,&nbsp;Devasish Chowdhury","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08447-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08447-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work thoroughly investigated the adaptability of Gd-incorporated spinel Ni–Zn ferrite nanoparticles in hyperthermia and photocatalytic applications. The chemical co-precipitation method was utilized to fabricate these ferrite nanoparticles containing different weight percentages of Gd dopants, and tuned physical properties, including microstructural, optical, and magnetic were examined. The formation of spinel cubic crystal structure and phase-purity of prepared samples was confirmed by analyzing the x-ray diffractograms. Both the developed microstrain due to doping and mean crystallite sizes were estimated using the Williamson-Hall (W–H) graph. With the aid of HRTEM images, the morphology, average size of nanoparticles and regularity in shape were studied carefully. Mean particle diameters of entire ferrite samples were observed to reduce with the increase of Gd ions in the host structure. A blue shift in the optical indirect band gaps with the increase of Gd content was noticed for synthesized ferrite samples. All the Raman active modes of spinel structure were found in deconvoluted Raman spectra. Because of the paramagnetic behavior of Gd ions, there was a dilution of magnetic properties observed at room temperature. A careful investigation revealed that the doped ferrite samples were suitable for hyperthermia application as the generated heat was suitable to burst cancer cells in a biological medium. Because of the increase in specific surface area and magnitude of negative zeta potential for doped ferrite nanoparticles, these samples showed excellent efficiency in degrading toxic cationic rhodamine B (RhB) dye. The highest Gd-doped ferrite containing the smallest nanoparticles was capable enough to degrade 94.6% RhB dye in 2.5 h. With increasing Gd content in nanosized spinel Ni–Zn ferrites, the efficiency of dye degradation was found to increase significantly. Therefore, Gd-substituted Ni–Zn ferrite nanoparticles are efficient nanomaterials to be utilized in both photocatalytic and hyperthermia applications.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal strength-ductility trade-off in gradient nano-grained Cu: a crystal plasticity finite element study","authors":"Kehao Nan,&nbsp;Zhen Wang,&nbsp;Zhaoyang Hou,&nbsp;Chao An,&nbsp;Nana Liu,&nbsp;Lei Gao,&nbsp;Gang Shi,&nbsp;Kejun Dong","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08437-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08437-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gradient nano-grained (GNG) metals usually exhibit a strength–ductility trade-off compared with their homogeneous counterparts, but the understanding on the gradient distribution in grain size corresponding to the optimal strength–ductility trade-off is still limited. Here, the tensile processes of GNG Cu with different grain-size gradient distributions are simulated by the crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM). The influence of grain-size gradient rate on the mechanical behaviors of strength and plasticity, and the distribution of strain and stress are analytical analyzed, and the relations between the structural gradient and the deformation gradient are investigated. It is found that the GNG Cu has optimal strength-ductility trade-off and the largest extra strengthening effect, when the gradient distribution in grain size meets a linear relationship. It is also found that the optimal strength-ductility trade-off comes from the largest deformation gradient and favorite multiaxial stress. These simulation results obtained by CPFEM are in accordance with the experiment observations and that obtained by MD simulations on atomic scales.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser-induced forward transfer of high viscosity graphene inks","authors":"Dawood Dilmy,&nbsp;Anvesh Gaddam,&nbsp;Gerard Cummins,&nbsp;Stefan Dimov","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08433-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08433-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) is gaining significant attention as a non-contact printing technique for high-viscosity conductive inks in printed electronics. However, the high wet thickness of printed tracks is essential for achieving effective electrical pathways, a requirement that has not been thoroughly considered so far. The wet thickness is a function of ink viscosity, substrate wettability, and the laser processing parameters. In this study, the printing mechanism of conductive graphene inks with viscosities ranging from 1 to 15 Pa.s using LIFT was investigated. The effects of pulse energy (30 to 120 µJ) and gap distance (50 to 300 μm) in printing voxels with a green nanosecond laser were systematically examined, providing a phenomenological understanding of the material transfer mechanism. The findings highlight the significant role of the temporal pulse distance in enhancing the wet thickness achievable during LIFT of high-viscosity inks, attributed to capillary healing phenomena. Additionally, the acceptor substrates’ hydrophobicity was found to increase the wet thickness and improve the resolution of the printed voxels/tracks. Especially, the aspect ratio of LIFT-printed tracks was increased by more than 175% with 10 printing passes when a hydrophobic accepter was used. So, the optimal LIFT processing conditions were identified to achieve high-quality, high-aspect-ratio tracks, by considering synergistically the effects of the temporal pulse distance and the substrate wettability. Moreover, the resistivity of the LIFT-printed graphene tracks decreased by more than 84% after a 100-minute sintering step at 120 °C. This research advances understanding of LIFT printing high-viscosity conductive inks, particularly underpinning the development of high-resolution and high-aspect-ratio electrical circuits for printed electronics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00339-025-08433-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143717022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative high sensitivity, selectivity, and low birefringence limit based blood cell detection in terahertz spectrum with octagonal core refractive index sensing","authors":"A. H. M. Iftekharul Ferdous,&nbsp;Kayab Khandakar,&nbsp;Sakhawat Hossain,&nbsp;Khalid Sifulla Noor,&nbsp;Mahmoud M. A. Eid,&nbsp;Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08450-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08450-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biosensors are crucial for identifying different blood components. In this work, we introduce an octagonal core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) structured like a spider for very effective blood cell identification. The Finite Element Method (FEM) in COMSOL Multiphysics is used to investigate the optical and sensing properties of the sensor. Maxwell’s equations are quantitatively solved over the 0.5–1.3 THz frequency range. Achieving high relative sensitivity (RS), low effective material loss (EML), low confinement loss (CL), a large effective area (EA) and spot size for various blood components is the main emphasis of the investigation. Zeonex polymer, well-known for its outstanding THz domain optical characteristics, is used in cladding fabrication of the PCF At 1 THz, the proposed PCF sensor exhibits outstanding performance with a relative sensitivity of around 92.06% for glucose, 92.78% for plasma, 93.45% for white blood cells (WBCs), and 95.64% for red blood cells (RBCs). Since the octagonal core structure produces almost the same results for both x- and y-polarization modes, the research mainly investigates the x-polarization mode.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00339-025-08450-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interface induced uniaxial magnetic anisotropy and modified domain patterns in crosslinked silica aerogel/Ni80Fe20 heterostructures","authors":"K. Z. Islam,&nbsp;D. Timsina,&nbsp;F. Sabri,&nbsp;S. D. Pollard","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08449-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08449-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Silica aerogels have emerged as promising candidates as platforms for a variety of devices, including those used for magnetic logic and sensing. However, their non-planar structure also poses challenges for their use as substrates for thin film devices. For example, substrate disorder is established to strongly influence anisotropy in thin film magnetic materials. Here, we evaluate the substrate effect on induced uniaxial anisotropy in permalloy (Py) thin films and patterned structures, wherein the uniaxial anisotropy is clearly linked to a directionality of the magnetization hysteresis and modifications to zero field domain structures relative to a standard thermally oxidized Si substrate. The strength and direction of this anisotropy vary with location, indicating its non-uniform nature, and is estimated to be as large as 700 J/m³ for 25 nm thick permalloy films, and decreases with increasing Py thickness. This substrate induced anisotropy is strong enough to modify the domain structures present in patterned magnetic elements and can have significant implications for the development of magnetic devices on aerogel substrates. Results are compared and found to be consistent with micromagnetic modelling of expected domain structures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00339-025-08449-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"920℃ high-temperature wetting behaviors of molten aluminum on laser-textured cast iron surface","authors":"Xin Lyu,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Rui,&nbsp;Haobo Sun,&nbsp;Chao Mei,&nbsp;Wandong Cheng,&nbsp;Kang Lu,&nbsp;Yun Dong","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08453-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08453-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the anti-wetting behavior of liquid aluminum on microtextured QT700 cast iron surfaces for vacuum ladle applications. Periodic surface microstructures (micro-circular grooves, micro-pits, micro-grooves) are fabricated on QT700 substrates via nanosecond laser processing, with subsequent aluminum wetting dynamics analyzed at 900 °C using an advanced sessile drop apparatus equipped with high-speed imaging. Results demonstrate that all laser-generated microstructures inhibit aluminum wetting, exhibiting higher equilibrium contact angles compared to smooth surfaces. Micro-pit patterns show the most significant anti-wetting effect, achieving a maximum contact angle of 77°. Cross-sectional SEM-EDS analysis reveals vertical growth of intermetallic compounds at three-phase junctions, which mechanically pin the contact line through capillary force-induced reaction enhancement. Notably, the intermetallic layer thickness exceeds laser-ablated groove depth, resulting in similar final interface morphologies across textured and smooth surfaces. These findings provide mechanistic insights for designing non-wetting ladle linings through controlled interfacial reactions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00339-025-08453-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of self-healing strain sensor based on AgNWs and Fe2O3 nanocomposite on engineered polyurethane substrate","authors":"Shahab Alam,&nbsp;Arfa Asif,&nbsp;Maryam Bibi,&nbsp;Gul Hassan,&nbsp;Ahmed Shuja,&nbsp;Illahi Jan Shah,&nbsp;Zubair Ibrahim","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08438-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08438-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of flexible and self-healing electromechanical sensors has garnered increasing attention recently because of its numerous applications in various sectors. A simple, low-cost sandwich-structured strain sensor was made employing silver nanowires (AgNWs) and ferric oxide (Fe₂O₃) nanocomposite on an engineered Polyurethane (PU) substrate with good sensitivity, bendability, stretchability, and self-healing. With a GF of 42.84 at 30% of applied strain, the nanocomposite-based strain sensor PU/(AgNWs/Fe₂O₃)/PU is highly sensitive. Due to many factors, including the magnetic force of iron oxide healing the conductive layer and reverse hydrogen bonding healing the PU substrate, the fatigued PU/(AgNWs/Fe₂O₃)/PU nanocomposite film caused by repetitive cyclic loading can self-heal. Stretchability up to 30% and sensor recovery of 95% after cutting and healing, the constructed strain sensor displayed a stable response and restored its resistance to its original location. Additionally, the AgNWs/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite strain sensor is stable and durable with 10,000 endurance cycles. With frequent finger bending and wrist movement, the current and resistance changed very regularly. The strain sensor PU/(AgNWs/Fe₂O₃)/PU can detect body actions and restrain physiological signals like finger and wrist joint movements due to its increased performance. Thus, the wearable sensor is expected to track human body mobility and detect physiological signals over time. Thus, these findings may aid the creation of self-healing wearable strain sensors and electrical gadgets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}