Efficient perovskite solar cells with tunable transmittance using transparent conductive silver nanowire network electrodes

Semi-transparent perovskite solar cells (ST-PSCs) have garnered significant attention in the field of building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). However, a balance between device transmittance and efficiency is crucial for practical applications. In this study, we employed a full solution process to fabricate low-cost, high-efficiency transparent perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with tunable transmittance. By adjusting the concentrations of the perovskite precursors, we produced perovskite films of varying thicknesses. These films were then combined with silver nanowire (Ag NWs) electrodes, which offer high transmittance and conductivity, to create PSCs with adjustable transmittance. Among the applied concentrations, the 1.2 mol/L precursor solution based devices yielded the highest photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 17.3%, with an average visible light transmittance (AVT) of 5.3%. Conversely, with the 0.8 mol/L precursor solution, we achieved an efficiency of 13.4% at an AVT of 16.8%. These findings address the challenges of energy consumption and cost, as well as the trade-off between efficiency and average light transmittance, in ST-PSCs for potential BIPV applications.