Applied Physics A最新文献

{"title":"Optimization of experimental conditions and anti-poisoning of ZrO2@γ-Al2O3 hollow sphere hydrolysis catalyst","authors":"Hengliang Wang,&nbsp;Lei Zhang,&nbsp;Zhiyu Fang,&nbsp;Mei Wang,&nbsp;Huisheng Qu,&nbsp;Pan Yang","doi":"10.1007/s00339-026-10147-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-026-10147-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbonyl sulfide (COS) removal via catalytic hydrolysis is a cornerstone of industrial purification; however, conventional catalysts suffer from sluggish kinetics, rapid deactivation, and poor tolerance to harsh flue gas components (dust and HCl). This research aims to optimize the working condition for ZrO₂@γ-Al₂O₃ hollow sphere catalyst and elucidate its superior anti-poisoning mechanisms and long-term stability under complex process conditions. Under the optimized conditions (80℃, 38% humidity, and 1000 h⁻¹ space velocity), the catalyst achieved a stable COS conversion of 85 ~ 87%. Remarkably, the catalyst demonstrates robust anti-poisoning performance, maintaining a conversion efficiency &gt; 89% against 10 mg/m³ dust and &gt; 90% against 0.01 mol/L HCl within the initial 50 min. Long-term stability tests demonstrated that the catalyst maintained a conversion efficiency of 76.08% after 6 h of continuous operation. The sulfur balance shows that ZrO₂ modification significantly reduces the cumulative sulfur loss caused by H₂S retention on the surface. The synergy between ZrO₂-functionalized hollow structures and optimized process parameters effectively mitigates poisoning-induced deactivation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"132 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148838020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical simulation of partial discharge gas sensing using metal-doped WSe2 monolayers for rapid fault diagnosis of XLPE cable joints","authors":"Lixing Zhang,&nbsp;Ling Gao,&nbsp;Qi Hu,&nbsp;Xue Zhao,&nbsp;Jie Dong,&nbsp;Qiran Li,&nbsp;Penglong Liu,&nbsp;Yayun Ma,&nbsp;Shunjin Shi,&nbsp;Bozhi Liu","doi":"10.1007/s00339-026-10154-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-026-10154-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rapid and non-invasive detection of decomposition gases is essential for early fault diagnosis of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) cable joints. In this study, the gas sensing performances of Co- and Cu-doped WSe₂ monolayers upon four typical decomposition gases (HCHO, C₂H₄, C₃H₆O and C₆H₆) are systematically investigated using the first-principles theory. The geometric and electronic properties of two doped WSe₂ surfaces are analyzed firstly, followed by their adsorption energies, charge density difference, Hirshfeld charge transfer, band structures, density of states, sensing response, and recovery times upon four gas species. The results indicate that both Co- and Cu-WSe₂ monolayers exhibit chemisorption toward all four gas species, with Co-WSe₂ consistently showing superior binding affinity, charge transfer and sensing response. The sensing response for both monolayers is in order as C₃H₆O &gt; C₂H₄ &gt; HCHO &gt; C₆H₆, correlating well with their <i>E</i>_ad and <i>Q</i>_T upon four gases. Recovery time analysis reveals the good desorption efficiency for all gases on Co-WSe₂ at 398 K with UV-associated and favorable room-temperature recovery for HCHO and C₆H₆ on Cu-WSe₂. Finally, a dual-stage sensing strategy is proposed, integrating Co-WSe₂ as a high-sensitivity detector and Cu-WSe₂ as a selective gas discriminator for typical gas group classification. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for developing low-cost, high-performance, and recyclable gas sensors based on WSe₂ monolayers, typical focusing on the complementary combination of Co- and Cu-WSe₂ for rapid fault diagnosis of XLPE cable joints.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"132 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148838287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the efficiency of perovskite solar cells by incorporating CdS nanorods into the active layer","authors":"Shervin Daneshvar e Asl,&nbsp;Hamaneh Zarenezhad,&nbsp;Zeynep Özce Fergan,&nbsp;Sarp Kaya","doi":"10.1007/s00339-026-10137-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-026-10137-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Perovskite solar cells have emerged as a superior photovoltaic technology due to their high efficiency and low fabrication cost. In this work, bulk-heterojunction CdS nanorods-incorporated triple-cation perovskite layers are successfully used to fabricate the perovskite solar cells. Detailed experimental results demonstrate that incorporating an optimum concentration (0.5 wt%) of CdS nanorods increases the power conversion efficiency from 17.0% to 19.4% (V_OC: 1.06 to 1.07 V, J_SC: 23.54 to 25.19 mA.cm^− 2, and FF: 0.68 to 0.72). In addition, the optimized device retains 85% of its initial PCE after 504 h, whereas the reference device retains only 49%, indicating substantially improved shelf stability. These improvements are attributed to the morphological enhancement of the perovskite layer and the role of CdS nanorods in facilitating charge transfer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"132 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148838039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuning structural, magnetic, and photocatalytic properties of erbium orthoferrite nanoparticles via co-substitution of Gd3+ and Ti4+","authors":"Anusha Karumuri,&nbsp;Arja Vani,&nbsp;Kumara Raja Kandula,&nbsp;Tinku Baidya","doi":"10.1007/s00339-026-10151-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-026-10151-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Erbium Orthoferrite (ErFeO₃) nanoparticles are well-known for magnetic and photocatalysis applications, however the crystallite size will play more crucial role to design for particle applications. Scientists were trying to reduce the crystallite size by adopting different synthetic routes or substitution/co- substitution of appropriate atoms or concentration. In these aspects we prepared the ErFeO₃ (EFO) nanoparticle through sol-gel method using EDTA as chelating agent by substitution of isovalent ion (Gd³⁺) at A-site and higher valence ion (Ti⁴⁺) at B-site, i.e., Er_1−<i>x</i>Gd_<i>x</i>Fe_1−<i>x</i>Ti_<i>x</i>O₃ (where <i>x</i> = 0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 mol%) to tune the chemical and physical properties. The optimized concentration of substitution and co-substitution ion concentration was 5 mol%, which is confirmed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies convoyed through structure refinement method (Rietveld). The synthesized samples up to 5 mol% were found to be single phase with orthorhombic crystal structure of space group of <i>Pnma.</i> space group. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to observe the morphology and also calculate the crystallite size the synthesized materials. BET measurements confirm that the synthesized nanomaterials possess a mesoporous structure, with specific surface areas ranging from 15.978 to 41.465 m²/g. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was carried out to check the Fe oxidation number and to estimate the oxygen vacancy concentration. Nearly two times higher saturation magnetization (M_S) value was observed for 5 mol% substituted and co- substituted sample when compared to un-substituted sample. These results indicate that nanomaterials substituted with 5 mol% Gd and co- substituted with Ti have strong potential for use in gas sensing and photocatalytic applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"132 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148838294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influences of β-TCP nano-particles on the mechanical properties of as-cast biological Mg-Zn-Ca matrix composites","authors":"Mehmoona Mehfooz,&nbsp;Sohaib Shahid,&nbsp;Misbah Tubussam,&nbsp;Changlin Yang","doi":"10.1007/s00339-026-10145-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-026-10145-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>β-Tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) nanoparticle-reinforced Mg–Zn–Ca composites were fabricated by semisolid stirring and casting to investigate the effects of Ca content and β-TCP addition on microstructure and mechanical behavior. Among the Mg–2Zn–xCa alloys, Mg–2Zn–0.4Ca showed the best strength–ductility balance and was selected as the matrix. Composites containing 0–1.5 wt% β-TCP nanoparticles were then prepared using a fixed particle size of approximately 80 nm. The 1.0 wt% β-TCP/Mg–2Zn–0.4Ca composites exhibited the best overall mechanical performance, with ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 208.13 ± 3.62 MPa, yield strength (YS) of 106.09 ± 1.91 MPa, elongation (EL) of 20.99 ± 0.73%, ultimate compressive strength (UCS) of 379.6 ± 0.10 MPa, and compressive strain of 26.10 ± 0.06%. Microstructural observations showed more uniform particle dispersion, grain refinement, and lower apparent visible porosity at 1.0 wt% β-TCP, whereas excessive addition caused local clustering and property degradation. XRD and SEM/EDS analyses identified α-Mg, MgZn₂, Mg₂Ca, and Ca₂Mg₆Zn₃ phases. Strengthening analysis suggests that improved yield strength was mainly associated with dislocation strengthening, Orowan strengthening, while grain refinement and reduced apparent porosity likely contributed to the increased elongation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"132 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148838040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective magnetic-site restoration and magnetic transition recovery in Fe3-xGeTe₂: a Monte Carlo finite-size scaling study","authors":"Dhia Khalid Khudier,&nbsp;Jamal M. Rzaij","doi":"10.1007/s00339-026-10138-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-026-10138-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Iron-deficient Fe_3-xGeTe₂ is a layered Van der Waals ferromagnet in which the presence of vacancies lowers the strength of the local magnetic moments and destroys exchange paths. In this work, we consider magnetic-site dilution and a simple magnetic-site restoration procedure based on a Metropolis Monte Carlo algorithm. The simulations are performed for a simplified two-dimensional lattice consisting of L × L cells with L = 10, 14, 20, 28, and 32. Each cell has three potential magnetic labels and periodic boundary conditions. For each lattice size and scenario, we perform 40 independent runs. The stoichiometric deficiency x is mapped to a removed-site fraction of x/3. Local single-histogram reweighting refines the transition region, and thermodynamic-limit estimates are audited for sensitivity to the estimator, lattice-size window, and fixed ν. The selected transition temperatures for P1–P6 are 136.5, 120.8, 128.6, 100.4, 120.2, and 141.9 K, respectively. An analysis-sensitivity envelope, δ_method, and 5000-replicate run-level bootstrap percentile intervals are reported separately. Audits of autocorrelation, blocking, reweighting overlap, and signed-(M_z) versus (|M_z|)-fluctuation susceptibility reveal finite-trajectory and estimator dependence. P3 and P5 combine magnetic-site reactivation with exploratory positive-bond modification; therefore, their changes relative to P2 and P4 are joint effects rather than geometry-only restoration effects. The reinforced full-restoration result is conditional on the exploratory λ factors and does not constitute a quantitative materials prediction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"132 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148837998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental evaluation of a novel green tea extract (Camellia sinensis) -ZnO nanocolloid in direct absorption solar collectors","authors":"Lingaraj Mohanty,&nbsp;Purna Chandra Mishra,&nbsp;Sayantan Mukherjee","doi":"10.1007/s00339-026-10160-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-026-10160-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents the development and experimental characterization of a bio-derived ZnO nanocolloid using green tea extract (GTE) as a sustainable base fluid for direct absorption solar collectors (DASCs). The effect of ZnO nanoparticle concentration on the optical and photothermal properties of the nanocolloids was investigated. Nanocolloids were synthesized at volume fractions of 0.10–0.50%, and their optical and photothermal properties were experimentally investigated. The optical and photothermal properties were strongly influenced by ZnO nanoparticle concentration. The 0.10% ZnO-GTE nanocolloid showed the highest photothermal conversion efficiency of 85.35%, specific absorption rate (SAR) of 1066 Kw kg^− 1 and evaporation efficiency of 83.23%. Increasing the concentration to 0.30% reduced the conversion efficiency to 46.73% because of increased nanoparticle agglomeration and light scattering. A slight improvement in performance was observed at 0.40% and 0.50% concentrations. The bio-colloid supports sustainable solar energy utilization using renewable and waste-derived resources. This approach is consistent with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) such as SDG 7 (affordable and clean energy), SDG 12 (responsible consumption and production), and SDG 13 (climate action). The results demonstrate the potential of ZnO-GTE nanocolloids as sustainable working fluids for solar thermal applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"132 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148837897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Luminescent MoS2 nanoparticles synthesized via ultrasonic exfoliation with alkali metal ion intercalation","authors":"Dipmala Mohinta,&nbsp;Parinda Vasa","doi":"10.1007/s00339-026-10122-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-026-10122-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we present an efficient approach for synthesizing MoS₂ nanoparticles (MoS₂ NPs) via ultrasonication induced liquid-phase exfoliation method coupled with the intercalation of three different alkali metal ions. Samples were prepared with and without alkali metal ions (Na⁺, K⁺, and Li⁺). The structural and optical variations among the samples were systematically analyzed using electron microscopy images, absorption spectra, photoluminescence spectra, and fluorescence decay time measurements. These studies highlight the impact of the alkali metal ions on the yield and optical characteristics of synthesized MoS₂ NPs, identifying the alkali metal ion yielding MoS₂ NPs with the highest photoluminescence yield. The NPs synthesized with alkali metal ion intercalation exhibit significant potential for applications in optoelectronic industries, whereas those synthesized without the inclusion of alkali metal ions exhibit photocatalytic response in degrading organic dyes such as methyl orange.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"132 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148838038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lightweight high-performance PVC composites as effective gamma-ray shielding materials","authors":"Ahmed M. Abd-Elmoneim,&nbsp;Aya Hamdy Ali,&nbsp;Shoaa M. Al-Balawi,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Hamada,&nbsp;M. I. Sayyed,&nbsp;Ibrahim H. Saleh,&nbsp;Mohamed Elsafi","doi":"10.1007/s00339-026-10090-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-026-10090-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents an experimental study to determine the gamma-ray attenuation efficiency of novel polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composites. These composites were developed with additives such as BaO, Bi₂O₃, and brine sludge (BS). Four composites, including pure PVC, were prepared. The attenuation efficiency was determined experimentally using the narrow gamma-beam method, and the experimental results were compared with results calculated for the composites using Phy-X software. There was agreement between the values obtained using the two methods, with the difference ranging from ± 1% to ± 5%. At all discussed energies, the LAC “linear attenuation coefficient” for PVC-BBB3 (5% BS + 15% BaO + 20% Bi₂O₃) &gt; PVC-BBB2 (5% BS + 10% BaO + 15% Bi₂O₃) &gt; PVC-BBB1 (5% BS + 5% BaO + 10% Bi₂O₃) &gt; PVC (Pure), since at 0.0595 MeV, the LAC was 0.371, 1.496, 2.533, and 3.703 cm^− 1 for PVC, PVC-BBB1, PVC-BBB2 and PVC-BBB3, respectively. At higher energies such as 1.332 MeV, the LAC was 0.073, 0.083, 0.089, and 0.097 cm^− 1, respectively. Some of the thermal and structural properties of the prepared composites were examined, along with their attenuating properties, which confirm the suitability of these materials for some radiation shielding applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"132 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148837607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving gas sensing performance of NiO/ZnS composite thin films by plasma jet treatment","authors":"Barakat O. Ahmed,&nbsp;Bilal K. Al-Rawi","doi":"10.1007/s00339-026-10156-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-026-10156-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Zinc sulfide‑nickel oxide (ZnS–NiO) composite thin films with 10 at% Ni ions were deposited by spray pyrolysis. The as‑deposited film exhibits a cubic ZnS phase. Post‑deposition treatment using an atmospheric plasma jet with an Ar: O2 ratio of 90:10 enhances crystallinity, induces a secondary NiO phase, and alters the surface morphology. The plasma treatment effectively transforms the surface morphology from loosely packed nanosheets into a dense network of nanoparticles. The plasma‑treated films show a significant enhancement in sensitivity after a short treatment duration of 5 min, reaching 54.2% sensitivity at 250 °C, which is 4.6 times higher than that of the untreated films. This improvement is attributed to better nanostructure connectivity, the formation of nanoheterojunctions, and an increase in the number of active sites induced by plasma‑surface interactions. However, longer treatment time (10 min) results in less sensitivity. The results show that controlled-time plasma post-treatment is a good technique to improve the gas sensor’s performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"132 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148837963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}