Research in Social Stratification and Mobility最新文献

{"title":"Work-schedule instability and workers’ health and well-being across different socioeconomic strata in China","authors":"Ya Guo ,&nbsp;Wanying Ling ,&nbsp;Wen Fan ,&nbsp;Senhu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.rssm.2024.101008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rssm.2024.101008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although there is a growing body of literature on the detrimental health effects of work-schedule instability in high-income countries (e.g., the U.S.), most studies have predominantly focused on low socioeconomic status (SES) groups, overlooking the variations in the health effects of schedule instability across different socioeconomic strata. We argue that China provides a unique and critical context for examining work-schedule instability due to its inadequate labor protections, extensive use of digital technology in the workplace, and a prevalent norm of overwork. Using the China General Social Survey 2021 and employing a more comprehensive measure of work-schedule instability, this study investigates (1) the associations between work-schedule instability and workers’ health and well-being, (2) the mediating mechanisms through a work intensification process and the work-family interface, and (3) how the associations vary across SES groups. The findings suggest that work-schedule instability is associated with worse job satisfaction and self-rated health. Higher work-family conflict and work pressure mediate around half of the association between schedule instability and job satisfaction. Additionally, the negative effects of schedule instability are significant across both low and high SES groups. This study contributes to the burgeoning literature on the adverse effects of schedule instability by underscoring its widespread impact across different socioeconomic strata.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47384,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social Stratification and Mobility","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 101008"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnic conflict and workplace inequality: Hiring Arabs during conflict escalation in Israel, 1997–2015","authors":"Dustin Avent-Holt ,&nbsp;Tali Kristal ,&nbsp;Ludmila Garmash","doi":"10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We use the case of Israel to analyze the relationship between ethnonationalist conflict and workplace inequalities, arguing that escalation of ethnic conflict in the political environment induces social closure behaviors within organizations geographically more proximate to the conflict. Combining data from Israeli population registers and the Global Terrorism Database we find that an increase in conflict, measured by non-state political violence occurring within the state of Israel, leads to a decrease in the likelihood of nearby organizations hiring Arab men and women. Importantly, these effects are typically stronger for women and are diminished in organizations that either depend on Arab labor or have a higher density of Arab workers at the top of the organization. Demonstrating that deepening ethnonationalist political conflicts shape workplace inequalities, this paper extends both the theory of racialized organizations and Relational Inequality Theory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47384,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social Stratification and Mobility","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 101021"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental involvement in elementary schools and children’s academic achievement: A longitudinal analysis across educational groups in Finland","authors":"Satu Koivuhovi ,&nbsp;Elina Kilpi-Jakonen ,&nbsp;Jani Erola ,&nbsp;Mari-Pauliina Vainikainen","doi":"10.1016/j.rssm.2024.101007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rssm.2024.101007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many educational initiatives emphasize parental involvement as a strategy to reduce socioeconomic achievement gaps in schools and enhance students' educational attainment. Despite extensive research, findings on the relationship between parental involvement and children’s academic achievement remain inconsistent. This study uses longitudinal data (N = 2887) from Finland, a country with strong emphasis on equal educational opportunities, to examine the development of parental involvement and relationships between parental involvement and children’s achievement during elementary school years. Specifically, the research focuses on three primary objectives: analyzing changes in parental involvement over time, assessing its relationship with academic outcomes, and exploring variations in its relationship across different educational groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>indicated that parental involvement generally decreases, as children grow older. While parental involvement was related to both GPA and reading comprehension when assessed separately, only the relationship with GPA remained significant in a combined model. Our findings indicate an overlap between the examined outcome variables but they also suggest a potential teacher-bias effect in grading influenced by parental involvement, Therefore, our findings suggest that the impact of parental involvement on achievement might be more about how teachers perceive and evaluate students rather than a direct effect on academic performance. Additionally, although parental involvement varied with socioeconomic status (SES), with higher levels observed among more educated mothers, its association with educational outcomes was relatively uniform across all groups but slightly stronger and statistically significant among middle educational groups. Therefore, our findings challenges the assumption that increasing parental involvement could effectively equalize socioeconomic differences in educational performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47384,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social Stratification and Mobility","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 101007"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The contribution of work values to early career mobility","authors":"Xiaowen Han ,&nbsp;Jessie Himmelstern ,&nbsp;Tom VanHeuvelen","doi":"10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the past quarter century, young people have started their careers in a la<strong>b</strong>or market logic emphasizing individualized resources and with expectations and risks of uncertainty and unpredictability. We focus on one core individual resource, work values, and assess its contribution to early career trajectory dynamics among a cohort of Millennials between the ages of 18–35 and years 2005 through 2019. Using eight waves of the Transition to Adulthood Supplement of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we consider how extrinsic and intrinsic work values predict both cumulative occupational and employer changes as well as observed annual earnings and occupational prestige trajectories. Extrinsic work values are highly predictive of employment change and destination. However, results vary significantly by educational attainment and sex, as extrinsic work values are associated with contrasting outcomes depending on whether respondents have a college degree, while the bulk of benefits of returns to work values are found for men. The current paper sheds light on the critical dynamics of early career mobility processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47384,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social Stratification and Mobility","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 100996"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human capital and the upward occupational mobility of rural migrant workers in China","authors":"Leping Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100997","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100997","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research on the human capital and occupational mobility of Chinese rural migrant workers often focuses on how formal education is linked to upward mobility, and rarely accounts for the heterogeneity in the origin occupations. Conditioning on origin occupations, this study uses multivariable logistic regression models to explore the relationship between four human capital factors including formal education, professional training, professional certificates and the knowledge of foreign languages, and the likelihood of upward occupational mobility among rural migrant workers in the urban labor market in China. The findings confirmed the overall positive associations between human capital and upward occupational mobility, net of family background and demographic characteristics. Nevertheless, heterogeneous marginal effects exist for different human capital factors. Formal education is associated with the upward mobility of migrant workers whose first occupations are professional technicians. Foreign language proficiency is associated with the upward mobility for those with an origin occupation of industrial production personnel or business and service personnel. There is evidence for cohort differences, that foreign language proficiency is associated with the upward mobility of the older cohort with an occupational origin of industrial production personnel, and of the younger cohort with an occupational origin of business personnel, whereas high school degree only matters for the older cohort. This study contributes understanding to the mobility and stratification literature by: 1) distinguishing between four human capital factors including formal education, professional training, certificates, and foreign language proficiency, and revealing the heterogeneity in their relationship with upward mobility; 2) providing an innovative empirical approach to understand the relationship between human capital and occupational mobility that accounts for the origin and destination occupations of mobility; 3) contributing a life course perspective by revealing the link between origin and destination occupations, between education and employment, between the younger and older cohort, and between structural barriers (or incentives) and individual agency for human capital investment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47384,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social Stratification and Mobility","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 100997"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Educational sorting in unions and subjective well-being in Europe: Gender differences and contextual variations","authors":"Yanwen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the associations between educational sorting—the intra-couple difference in education—and subjective well-being of heterosexual partners in Europe, independent of each partner’s education status. It extends the literature by exploring whether and how these associations vary across societies and normative climates. A sample of 180,733 respondents in marriage or cohabitation from 29 countries was selected from Rounds 1–10 (2002–2020) of the European Social Survey and analyzed using the Diagonal Mobility Models. Pooled analyses show that net of status effects, hypergamy (women partnering with more educated men) was associated with lower well-being for both genders, and men were more satisfied with life in hypogamous relationships (partnering with more educated women). These patterns varied across societies, illustrated, for instance, by a hypergamy advantage among men in Southern Europe and women in the Baltic states. Notably, women’s well-being disadvantage in hypergamy was exacerbated in contexts where such partnerships were less normative. These findings provide unique insights into the diverse well-being outcomes of assortative mating between genders and across societies, shaped, in part, by societal norms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47384,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social Stratification and Mobility","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 101020"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143130706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond a bachelor’s: Stratification in graduate school enrollment","authors":"Madeline Brighouse Glueck","doi":"10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graduate study has rapidly expanded since the late 1990s, with women overtaking men in their enrollment in all levels of graduate degree. Once thought to be a relatively meritocratic space, due to increasing selection as educational transitions move into higher degrees, more recent research on graduate education has shown it to be a space where intergenerational inequalities emerge. In this paper, I examine the intergenerational association between parent educational level and student enrollments across two nationally representative cohorts. I find that across cohorts, the parent education gradient may have reduced for Master’s and MBAs, has remained stable for professional degrees, and may have increased for PhDs. Intergenerational advantages may be particularly strong for men, and the children of professionals. Further, I find that accounting for post-college factors does little to attenuate associations between parent education and children’s graduate enrollment. These findings highlight the enduring importance of parent education across the final educational transitions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47384,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social Stratification and Mobility","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 101019"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143130742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Double disadvantage of Black, Hispanic, and Asian American women in earnings, revisited","authors":"Andrew Taeho Kim ,&nbsp;ChangHwan Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prior literature suggests that women of color experience unique disadvantages as women and as racial minorities. However, empirical studies that hypothesize an additional disadvantage for women of color in personal earnings have not found supporting evidence. This study explores the family contexts and the local labor market conditions by which double disadvantage is mitigated. Using the 2015–2019 American Community Survey, we uncover a paradoxical pattern that the stronger the power of race in accounting for earnings inequality among men in a local labor market, the weaker double disadvantage married women of color experience. The relative performances of women of color compared to White women in terms of personal earnings, annual work hours, and hourly earnings are positively associated with the strength of race in explaining earnings inequality among men across local labor markets. No such paradoxical patterns are persistently evident among cohabiting or single women. The implications of these findings are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47384,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social Stratification and Mobility","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 101018"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143130705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nurturing across generations: Unveiling the dynamics and heterogeneity in grandparental care involvement","authors":"Mengsha Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.rssm.2024.101009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rssm.2024.101009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid development has led to widespread changes in social norms regarding parenting and employment, resulting in increased grandparental childcare responsibilities. Drawing on data from the 2011–2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, this study examines age trajectories and cohort differences in grandparental caregiving in China and explores the relationship between several factors and caregiving levels and trends over time. It shows that grandparents spent an average of 39 h weekly in care, with care hours following an inverted U-shaped trajectory characterized by rapid initial growth and a subsequent decline, reflecting the accommodating needs across family members’ differing life stages. Grandmothers, those with higher education, lower income, and urban residents dedicated more care than grandfathers, those with lower education, higher income, and rural residents, respectively. As grandparents aged, the gender and income gaps narrowed but the education gap widened, while the residential gap remained stable. Later cohorts provided both greater overall levels of care as well as a more sustained upward pattern of caregiving in mid and later life compared to earlier cohorts. The finding highlights an amplified grandparental role for younger cohorts characterized by both enhanced caregiving contributions as well as more extended caregiving well into later life stages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47384,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social Stratification and Mobility","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 101009"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143130704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"His and hers earnings trajectories: Economic homogamy and long-term earnings inequality within and between different-sex couples","authors":"Allison Dunatchik","doi":"10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100995","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100995","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Economic homogamy has important implications for gender inequality and for economic inequalities between households. However, the long-term association between spouses’ earnings is not well understood. This study reconceptualizes economic homogamy as a life course process rather than a static state of being that can be adequately captured at a single point in time. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, I examine the association between spouses’ earnings trajectories over the course of 30 years of marriage to identify three distinct gender egalitarian earnings patterns among couples. 50 % of couples follow a <em>Dual earner</em> pattern, in which spouses follow similar, stable earnings patterns over time, 6 % of couples are <em>Jointly mobile</em> in that spouses’ earnings vary similarly and 5 % follow an <em>Alternating earner</em> pattern. A large minority of couples follow patterns of long-term specialization, with 34 % of couples following <em>Male breadwinner</em> patterns and 5 % following <em>Female breadwinner</em> patterns. Multivariate analysis reveals that gender egalitarian earnings patterns are stratified by couples’ socio-economic status at marriage: while advantaged couples follow <em>Dual earner</em> patterns comprised of two stable earners, disadvantaged couples follow egalitarian earnings patterns characterized by joint earnings instability. By taking a long-term approach, this study provides insight into the varied ways gender equality in earnings manifests among married couples and reveals an important and understudied dimension of economic homogamy: the concentration of economic stability and instability within couples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47384,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social Stratification and Mobility","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 100995"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142703134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}