Research in Social Stratification and Mobility最新文献

The U-turn in educational inequality. Why a multidimensional approach matters for measuring social inequalities in tertiary educational attainment 教育不平等的转折。为什么采用多维方法衡量高等教育成就中的社会不平等现象很重要？

IF 2.7 1区社会学

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100994

Elias H. Kruithof, Pieter-Paul Verhaeghe

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The distribution of privately held business assets in the United States 美国私人企业资产的分布情况

IF 2.7 1区社会学

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100993

Kim Pernell , Geoffrey T. Wodtke

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Intergenerational poverty persistence in Europe – Is there a ‘Great Gatsby Curve’ for poverty? 欧洲代际贫困的持续性--贫困是否存在 "盖茨比大曲线"？

IF 2.7 1区社会学

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100991

Michele Bavaro , Rafael Carranza , Brian Nolan

{"title":"Intergenerational poverty persistence in Europe – Is there a ‘Great Gatsby Curve’ for poverty?","authors":"Michele Bavaro , Rafael Carranza , Brian Nolan","doi":"10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100991","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While the influence of poverty in childhood on adulthood outcomes has been extensively studied, little is known about how the strength of intergenerational persistence in poverty itself varies across countries. Here we examine the intergenerational persistence of poverty in a comparative analysis of 30 European countries using data from the 2019 ad hoc module of the EU-SILC dataset. We construct proxy measures of poverty in the parental household employing information on the inability to meet basic needs and financial hardship when growing up, together with parental education and occupational social class. The strength of the association between current poverty based on the indicators at the core of the EU’s social inclusion process and these measures of parental poverty is assessed and compared across countries. The cross-country variation in poverty persistence is probed concerning its relationship with the current and past extent of poverty: persistence tends to be stronger where current or parental poverty is higher, analogous to the Great Gatsby Curve relating intergenerational income mobility to income inequality at the country level. Mediation analysis highlights the role of own education as well as occupation in underpinning the observed relationship between current and parental poverty.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47384,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social Stratification and Mobility","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 100991"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Beauty pays, but not under all circumstances: Evidence on gendered hiring discrimination from a novel experimental treatment using deepfakes 美貌会带来回报，但并非在所有情况下都是如此：从使用深度伪造的新型实验处理中发现性别雇佣歧视的证据

IF 2.7 1区社会学

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100992

Juliane Kühn, Tobias Wolbring

{"title":"Beauty pays, but not under all circumstances: Evidence on gendered hiring discrimination from a novel experimental treatment using deepfakes","authors":"Juliane Kühn, Tobias Wolbring","doi":"10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using deepfaked job application videos as a novel experimental treatment, this study analyses the effects of physical attractiveness for men and women on their hypothetical hiring chances. Based on status construction theory, we argue that whether gendered expectations through physical attractiveness translate into better hiring chances depends on the social context. To test this theoretical claim, we conducted a 2×2×2 factorial survey experiment among respondents with personnel responsibilities (N = 493). Using deep-learning techniques, we swap the faces of fictitious male and female candidates in application videos, thus varying gender and physical attractiveness while holding everything else constant. Additionally, we manipulate the occupational context with job advertisements for a male-typed and a female-typed job. Results show that attractive applicants score higher in competence ratings and are more likely to be invited for a job interview than less attractive candidates. However, only men consistently profit from their looks, while women benefit from a beauty premium in the female-typed, but not in the male-typed job. These results strongly support the idea that physical attractiveness works as a status characteristic, triggers gendered expectations, and leads to beauty-based treatment differences. This study suggests that the use of deepfakes is a promising avenue to move inequality research forward.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47384,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social Stratification and Mobility","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 100992"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142536058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Earnings mobility across three generations of natives in Finland: A comparison of Finnish and Swedish speakers 芬兰三代本地人的收入流动性：芬兰语和瑞典语使用者的比较

IF 2.7 1区社会学

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100990

Camilla Härtull, Jan Saarela

{"title":"Earnings mobility across three generations of natives in Finland: A comparison of Finnish and Swedish speakers","authors":"Camilla Härtull, Jan Saarela","doi":"10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examine earnings mobility across three generations in Finland and compare two native groups with equal constitutional rights, Finnish speakers and Swedish speakers. Based on register data of the total population, we employ rank-rank regressions to assess the degree to which earnings in men relate to their fathers’ and paternal grandfathers’ earnings. We estimate regressions on the national level and in regions with Swedish-speaking population. The earnings rank of the grandfather is found to play a modest role net of the earnings rank of the father. Earnings mobility is higher in regions where the numerical minority of Swedish speakers is settled, but the two ethnolinguistic groups differ only in the Helsinki capital region, where earnings mobility is higher among the Swedish speakers. Less than one fifth of this ethnolinguistic gradient can be attributed to educational and other observed differences. These findings suggest that, in a geographically concentrated and well-performing ethnolinguistic group, social integration and networks may play a role in providing opportunities independently of parents’ achievements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47384,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social Stratification and Mobility","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 100990"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142323000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The gender gap in earnings growth at the early stage of work careers in Korea 韩国职业生涯初期收入增长的性别差距

IF 2.7 1区社会学

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100979

ChangHwan Kim , Heeyoun Shin

{"title":"The gender gap in earnings growth at the early stage of work careers in Korea","authors":"ChangHwan Kim , Heeyoun Shin","doi":"10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous research analyzing Western societies reported no gender gap in earnings growth after accounting for initial job allocation, attributing the widening gender gap in mid-career to the impact of family formation. This pattern is often referred to as the “last chapter” of gender inequality, but there is no consensus that this phenomenon is universal or place-specific. The applicability of these findings to non-Western contexts remains unclear. This study examines the gender gap in earnings growth in a non-Western advanced economy, South Korea, net of initial job assignment and factors related to family formation. The 2008–2010 Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey is used and the gender differences in job allocation and family formation are balanced with the application of the inverse probability of treatment weights. The results of individual-fixed effects models show that college-educated women in Korea face lower earnings growth and lower promotion prospects than their male counterparts. The magnitude and mechanisms of this female disadvantage vary across labor market sectors. The implications of these findings are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47384,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social Stratification and Mobility","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 100979"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142326414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Disentangling genetic and social pathways of the intergenerational transmission of cognitive ability – A nuclear twin family study 厘清认知能力代际传递的遗传和社会途径--一项核心双胞胎家庭研究

IF 2.7 1区社会学

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100980

Tobias Wolfram , Mirko Ruks , Frank M. Spinath

{"title":"Disentangling genetic and social pathways of the intergenerational transmission of cognitive ability – A nuclear twin family study","authors":"Tobias Wolfram , Mirko Ruks , Frank M. Spinath","doi":"10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100980","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As cognitive ability accounts for large parts of the intergenerational transmission of advantage, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms driving the intergenerational transmission of cognitive ability itself. Social mobility research usually focuses on social mechanisms of intergenerational transmission. For the case of cognitive ability, this means that parental cognitive ability affects offspring ability via the family environment. However, parents do not only provide resources, but also pass their genes to their children. As social and genetic transmission are not mutually exclusive, it is crucial to disentangle the contribution of both to the intergenerational transmission of cognitive ability. Using data from the German TwinLife survey, we apply a nuclear twin family design to address this question. Using data from all four twin birth cohorts, covering an age range of 5–25 years, we further explore whether the contribution of both mechanisms varies over the life course. For all four cohorts, in any of the estimated models, social transmission is very small and not significant. Genetic transmission, in turn, seems to be the primary mechanisms of intergenerational transmission of cognitive ability and becomes increasingly important with age. Our findings challenge conventional social mobility perspectives, stressing the need to incorporate genetic transmission into sociological research for a more comprehensive understanding of intergenerational transmission of advantage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47384,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social Stratification and Mobility","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 100980"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0276562424000933/pdfft?md5=d9b3452ad478123f218b83d46cc37755&pid=1-s2.0-S0276562424000933-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142310768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Municipal police and the economic mobility gap between black and white males in the US 市政警察与美国黑人和白人男性之间的经济流动性差距

IF 2.7 1区社会学

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100981

Manuel Schechtl , Rourke O’Brien

{"title":"Municipal police and the economic mobility gap between black and white males in the US","authors":"Manuel Schechtl , Rourke O’Brien","doi":"10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100981","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100981","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Estimates of intergenerational economic mobility for a recent U.S. birth cohort published by Opportunity Insights reveal a striking empirical puzzle: while there is a substantial gap in the upward mobility outcomes achieved by low-income Black and White males there is no such racial mobility gap for females. This study examines municipal police force size as a potential driver of these disparate mobility patterns. Although a larger police force may enhance mobility outcomes for all low-income children through reducing exposure to crime, for Black males prior work suggests this will be offset by the disparate negative impact of increased contact with the criminal justice system. Analyzing a sample of 200 major U.S. cities, linear models find a positive association between the number of police officers per capita and the size of the racial mobility gap for males, but not for females. We go on to show more police personnel in the late 1990s is associated with an increased gap in the likelihood of incarceration for Black males relative to White males. Taken together, our findings point to the heterogeneous impacts of policing for different race-sex groups as one potential explanation for why we observe a racial mobility gap between Black and White males and why this gap is larger in some cities and smaller in others.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47384,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social Stratification and Mobility","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 100981"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0276562424000945/pdfft?md5=342f39f6ce383407e4779375932550ca&pid=1-s2.0-S0276562424000945-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142151161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Subjective inequality and attitudes to labor unions: Evidence from Latin America 主观不平等与对工会的态度：拉丁美洲的证据

IF 2.7 1区社会学

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100982

Pablo Pérez-Ahumada , Juan Diego García-Castro

{"title":"Subjective inequality and attitudes to labor unions: Evidence from Latin America","authors":"Pablo Pérez-Ahumada , Juan Diego García-Castro","doi":"10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100982","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100982","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Labor unions play a key role in the defense of workers’ rights and in the construction of more egalitarian societies. Despite this, few empirical investigations have analyzed how attitudes toward labor unions are shaped by subjective manifestations of inequality. Bringing together the sociological and social-psychological research on inequality, in this article we do so by studying how attitudes towards unions are shaped by class identification and by ideal inequality, understood as the level of inequality that people consider ideal or fair. Using data from the 2020 Latinobarómetro survey for 18 Latin American countries, we find that pro-union attitudes are significantly higher among those who identify with the lower-middle class but not among those who identify with the lower class. We also find a negative relationship between ideal inequality, measured by a pseudo-Gini index of ideal inequality, and pro-union attitudes: those who want less economic inequality have more positive attitudes towards unions. Finally, we find that the effect of class identification and ideal inequality is moderated by individual political orientations. At the end of this article, we explain these findings and show how they contribute to the recent research on subjective inequality and attitudes toward labor unions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47384,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social Stratification and Mobility","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 100982"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142151160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Gendered wage returns to changes in non-routine job tasks: Evidence from Germany 非日常工作任务变化带来的性别工资回报：来自德国的证据

IF 2.7 1区社会学

Research in Social Stratification and Mobility Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100963

Alexandra Wicht , Nora Müller , Reinhard Pollak

{"title":"Gendered wage returns to changes in non-routine job tasks: Evidence from Germany","authors":"Alexandra Wicht , Nora Müller , Reinhard Pollak","doi":"10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100963","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The labor market exhibits persistent occupational segregation by gender, with women and men performing distinct job tasks within their occupations. Prior research suggests that non-routine job tasks generally lead to higher wages, especially in digitally advancing contexts. However, these findings are largely based on cross-sectional data and neglect gender as a relevant dimension of inequality. We analyze three-wave panel data over nine years from the German National Educational Panel Study to explore the relationship between changes in non-routine job tasks and wages by gender. Given the constrained wage-setting opportunities within German firms, we further examine whether the association between task changes and wages differs for employees with and without job changes, both within and across occupational segments. Our fixed-effect regression analyses reveal gender-specific associations between changes in non-routine job tasks and wage increases. Men benefit from performing more complex and autonomous tasks, with additional gains when an inter-segmental job change accompanies the increase in complex job tasks. Conversely, women do not see wage benefits from enhancements in either complex or autonomous job tasks. These findings underscore the gendered patterns of wage increases associated with advancements in non-routine job tasks, with men profiting intra-individually from shifts towards more non-routine job tasks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47384,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social Stratification and Mobility","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 100963"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0276562424000763/pdfft?md5=25eb0c9039f4edfcaba7d45474867434&pid=1-s2.0-S0276562424000763-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142012594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0