Research in Social Stratification and Mobility最新文献

{"title":"The contribution of work values to early career mobility","authors":"Xiaowen Han ,&nbsp;Jessie Himmelstern ,&nbsp;Tom VanHeuvelen","doi":"10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the past quarter century, young people have started their careers in a la<strong>b</strong>or market logic emphasizing individualized resources and with expectations and risks of uncertainty and unpredictability. We focus on one core individual resource, work values, and assess its contribution to early career trajectory dynamics among a cohort of Millennials between the ages of 18–35 and years 2005 through 2019. Using eight waves of the Transition to Adulthood Supplement of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we consider how extrinsic and intrinsic work values predict both cumulative occupational and employer changes as well as observed annual earnings and occupational prestige trajectories. Extrinsic work values are highly predictive of employment change and destination. However, results vary significantly by educational attainment and sex, as extrinsic work values are associated with contrasting outcomes depending on whether respondents have a college degree, while the bulk of benefits of returns to work values are found for men. The current paper sheds light on the critical dynamics of early career mobility processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47384,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social Stratification and Mobility","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 100996"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human capital and the upward occupational mobility of rural migrant workers in China","authors":"Leping Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100997","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100997","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research on the human capital and occupational mobility of Chinese rural migrant workers often focuses on how formal education is linked to upward mobility, and rarely accounts for the heterogeneity in the origin occupations. Conditioning on origin occupations, this study uses multivariable logistic regression models to explore the relationship between four human capital factors including formal education, professional training, professional certificates and the knowledge of foreign languages, and the likelihood of upward occupational mobility among rural migrant workers in the urban labor market in China. The findings confirmed the overall positive associations between human capital and upward occupational mobility, net of family background and demographic characteristics. Nevertheless, heterogeneous marginal effects exist for different human capital factors. Formal education is associated with the upward mobility of migrant workers whose first occupations are professional technicians. Foreign language proficiency is associated with the upward mobility for those with an origin occupation of industrial production personnel or business and service personnel. There is evidence for cohort differences, that foreign language proficiency is associated with the upward mobility of the older cohort with an occupational origin of industrial production personnel, and of the younger cohort with an occupational origin of business personnel, whereas high school degree only matters for the older cohort. This study contributes understanding to the mobility and stratification literature by: 1) distinguishing between four human capital factors including formal education, professional training, certificates, and foreign language proficiency, and revealing the heterogeneity in their relationship with upward mobility; 2) providing an innovative empirical approach to understand the relationship between human capital and occupational mobility that accounts for the origin and destination occupations of mobility; 3) contributing a life course perspective by revealing the link between origin and destination occupations, between education and employment, between the younger and older cohort, and between structural barriers (or incentives) and individual agency for human capital investment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47384,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social Stratification and Mobility","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 100997"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Educational sorting in unions and subjective well-being in Europe: Gender differences and contextual variations","authors":"Yanwen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the associations between educational sorting—the intra-couple difference in education—and subjective well-being of heterosexual partners in Europe, independent of each partner’s education status. It extends the literature by exploring whether and how these associations vary across societies and normative climates. A sample of 180,733 respondents in marriage or cohabitation from 29 countries was selected from Rounds 1–10 (2002–2020) of the European Social Survey and analyzed using the Diagonal Mobility Models. Pooled analyses show that net of status effects, hypergamy (women partnering with more educated men) was associated with lower well-being for both genders, and men were more satisfied with life in hypogamous relationships (partnering with more educated women). These patterns varied across societies, illustrated, for instance, by a hypergamy advantage among men in Southern Europe and women in the Baltic states. Notably, women’s well-being disadvantage in hypergamy was exacerbated in contexts where such partnerships were less normative. These findings provide unique insights into the diverse well-being outcomes of assortative mating between genders and across societies, shaped, in part, by societal norms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47384,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social Stratification and Mobility","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 101020"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143130706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond a bachelor’s: Stratification in graduate school enrollment","authors":"Madeline Brighouse Glueck","doi":"10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graduate study has rapidly expanded since the late 1990s, with women overtaking men in their enrollment in all levels of graduate degree. Once thought to be a relatively meritocratic space, due to increasing selection as educational transitions move into higher degrees, more recent research on graduate education has shown it to be a space where intergenerational inequalities emerge. In this paper, I examine the intergenerational association between parent educational level and student enrollments across two nationally representative cohorts. I find that across cohorts, the parent education gradient may have reduced for Master’s and MBAs, has remained stable for professional degrees, and may have increased for PhDs. Intergenerational advantages may be particularly strong for men, and the children of professionals. Further, I find that accounting for post-college factors does little to attenuate associations between parent education and children’s graduate enrollment. These findings highlight the enduring importance of parent education across the final educational transitions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47384,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social Stratification and Mobility","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 101019"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143130742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Double disadvantage of Black, Hispanic, and Asian American women in earnings, revisited","authors":"Andrew Taeho Kim ,&nbsp;ChangHwan Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rssm.2025.101018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prior literature suggests that women of color experience unique disadvantages as women and as racial minorities. However, empirical studies that hypothesize an additional disadvantage for women of color in personal earnings have not found supporting evidence. This study explores the family contexts and the local labor market conditions by which double disadvantage is mitigated. Using the 2015–2019 American Community Survey, we uncover a paradoxical pattern that the stronger the power of race in accounting for earnings inequality among men in a local labor market, the weaker double disadvantage married women of color experience. The relative performances of women of color compared to White women in terms of personal earnings, annual work hours, and hourly earnings are positively associated with the strength of race in explaining earnings inequality among men across local labor markets. No such paradoxical patterns are persistently evident among cohabiting or single women. The implications of these findings are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47384,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social Stratification and Mobility","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 101018"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143130705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nurturing across generations: Unveiling the dynamics and heterogeneity in grandparental care involvement","authors":"Mengsha Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.rssm.2024.101009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rssm.2024.101009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid development has led to widespread changes in social norms regarding parenting and employment, resulting in increased grandparental childcare responsibilities. Drawing on data from the 2011–2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, this study examines age trajectories and cohort differences in grandparental caregiving in China and explores the relationship between several factors and caregiving levels and trends over time. It shows that grandparents spent an average of 39 h weekly in care, with care hours following an inverted U-shaped trajectory characterized by rapid initial growth and a subsequent decline, reflecting the accommodating needs across family members’ differing life stages. Grandmothers, those with higher education, lower income, and urban residents dedicated more care than grandfathers, those with lower education, higher income, and rural residents, respectively. As grandparents aged, the gender and income gaps narrowed but the education gap widened, while the residential gap remained stable. Later cohorts provided both greater overall levels of care as well as a more sustained upward pattern of caregiving in mid and later life compared to earlier cohorts. The finding highlights an amplified grandparental role for younger cohorts characterized by both enhanced caregiving contributions as well as more extended caregiving well into later life stages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47384,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social Stratification and Mobility","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 101009"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143130704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"His and hers earnings trajectories: Economic homogamy and long-term earnings inequality within and between different-sex couples","authors":"Allison Dunatchik","doi":"10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100995","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100995","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Economic homogamy has important implications for gender inequality and for economic inequalities between households. However, the long-term association between spouses’ earnings is not well understood. This study reconceptualizes economic homogamy as a life course process rather than a static state of being that can be adequately captured at a single point in time. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, I examine the association between spouses’ earnings trajectories over the course of 30 years of marriage to identify three distinct gender egalitarian earnings patterns among couples. 50 % of couples follow a <em>Dual earner</em> pattern, in which spouses follow similar, stable earnings patterns over time, 6 % of couples are <em>Jointly mobile</em> in that spouses’ earnings vary similarly and 5 % follow an <em>Alternating earner</em> pattern. A large minority of couples follow patterns of long-term specialization, with 34 % of couples following <em>Male breadwinner</em> patterns and 5 % following <em>Female breadwinner</em> patterns. Multivariate analysis reveals that gender egalitarian earnings patterns are stratified by couples’ socio-economic status at marriage: while advantaged couples follow <em>Dual earner</em> patterns comprised of two stable earners, disadvantaged couples follow egalitarian earnings patterns characterized by joint earnings instability. By taking a long-term approach, this study provides insight into the varied ways gender equality in earnings manifests among married couples and reveals an important and understudied dimension of economic homogamy: the concentration of economic stability and instability within couples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47384,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social Stratification and Mobility","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 100995"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142703134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The U-turn in educational inequality. Why a multidimensional approach matters for measuring social inequalities in tertiary educational attainment","authors":"Elias H. Kruithof,&nbsp;Pieter-Paul Verhaeghe","doi":"10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100994","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100994","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the evolution in the association between social origins and tertiary educational attainment in Belgium, from post-World War II to the millennium’s onset. For this, we rely on a multidimensional measurement of social origins that accounts for interaction mechanisms between parental class and educational resources. We analyse 13,803 individuals over four birth cohorts. In contrast to previous studies, we find a decline in social inequalities for cohorts born before 1975, followed by a resurgence among those born afterwards. This U-turn in social inequalities of tertiary educational attainment is only observable when social origins are measured multidimensionally. Additionally, we investigate the interaction effects between parental resources, revealing divergent evolutions in accumulation and compensation mechanisms. Our findings underscore the renewed importance of combining parental education with parental social class for generations born after 1975.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47384,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social Stratification and Mobility","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 100994"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The distribution of privately held business assets in the United States","authors":"Kim Pernell ,&nbsp;Geoffrey T. Wodtke","doi":"10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100993","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100993","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although privately held businesses are central to the economy and society, little is known about how their assets are distributed among the population. To better understand rising and persistent wealth inequalities, this paper describes the household distribution of private business assets in the United States and examines how it has changed over time. Using data from the 1989–2019 Survey of Consumer Finances, we show that the relative number of business owners has remained stagnant at low levels and that assets in privately held firms have become increasingly concentrated. In 2019, the top 1 % of households controlled nearly 80 % of the equity in private businesses, up from about 70 % in the late 1980s. Moreover, we find that these trends appear to be quite general and do not merely reflect dynamics among elites or in specific sectors of the economy. We discuss implications for the organization of the US economy, wealth inequality, and public policy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47384,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social Stratification and Mobility","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 100993"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intergenerational poverty persistence in Europe – Is there a ‘Great Gatsby Curve’ for poverty?","authors":"Michele Bavaro ,&nbsp;Rafael Carranza ,&nbsp;Brian Nolan","doi":"10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rssm.2024.100991","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While the influence of poverty in childhood on adulthood outcomes has been extensively studied, little is known about how the strength of intergenerational persistence in poverty itself varies across countries. Here we examine the intergenerational persistence of poverty in a comparative analysis of 30 European countries using data from the 2019 ad hoc module of the EU-SILC dataset. We construct proxy measures of poverty in the parental household employing information on the inability to meet basic needs and financial hardship when growing up, together with parental education and occupational social class. The strength of the association between current poverty based on the indicators at the core of the EU’s social inclusion process and these measures of parental poverty is assessed and compared across countries. The cross-country variation in poverty persistence is probed concerning its relationship with the current and past extent of poverty: persistence tends to be stronger where current or parental poverty is higher, analogous to the Great Gatsby Curve relating intergenerational income mobility to income inequality at the country level. Mediation analysis highlights the role of own education as well as occupation in underpinning the observed relationship between current and parental poverty.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47384,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social Stratification and Mobility","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 100991"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}