Einstein-Sao Paulo最新文献

{"title":"Intra- and inter-observer reliability of spinal inflection point localization: a cross-sectional radiographic study.","authors":"Guilherme Pianowski Pajanoti, Altacílio Aparecido Nunes, José Otávio Donadeli Tomé, Leonardo Gomes Baldoino, Lucas Dias Soares Silva, Luciano Miller Dos Reis Rodrigues, Matheus Pippa Defino","doi":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2026AO2130","DOIUrl":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2026AO2130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the intra- and inter-observer reliability of spinal inflection point localization on lateral radiographs of asymptomatic adults using a standardized measurement protocol, given its important role in sagittal alignment analysis and its potential influence on biomechanical interpretation and surgical planning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 10 adults (five males and five females; age range 32-50 years) without spinal deformities or prior spinal surgery. Lateral and anteroposterior panoramic radiographs were obtained according to the institutional protocol. Three independent orthopedic residents with less than two years of experience assessed the cervicothoracic and thoracolumbar spinal inflection points using Surgimap® software in three separate rounds, conducted at three-week intervals. The spinal inflection point was defined as the vertebral level at which curvature direction changes, according to the method described by Berthonnaud et al. Inter-observer agreement was evaluated using Cohen's kappa index with 95% confidence intervals, and intra-observer reproducibility was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most frequent cervicothoracic spinal inflection point was C7-T1, whereas the most common thoracolumbar spinal inflection point was T12-L1. Inter-observer agreement for the cervicothoracic spinal inflection point ranged from kappa 0.19 (95% confidence interval: -0.15 to 0.55) to 0.41 (0.05-0.75), and intra-observer ICC ranged from 0.29 (0.07-0.54) to 0.56 (0.33-0.74). For the thoracolumbar spinal inflection point, inter-observer kappa ranged from -0.03 (-0.20 to 0.14) to 0.22 (0.01-0.44), whereas ICC ranged from 0.29 (0.08-0.53) to 0.56 (0.35-0.72). Wide confidence intervals suggested low precision, likely related to the small sample size and evaluator experience.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this sample, localization of the spinal inflection point by non-specialist evaluators showed low intra- and inter-observer agreement, indicating limited reliability and highlighting the need for standardized protocols or additional training.</p>","PeriodicalId":47359,"journal":{"name":"Einstein-Sao Paulo","volume":"24 ","pages":"eAO2130"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13399416/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148449849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical students' perception of the OSCE: development and validation of an instrument to assess formative and summative modalities.","authors":"Ariani Aparecida Rodrigues do Eiró Rosalin, Thomaz Bittencourt Couto","doi":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2026AO1866","DOIUrl":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2026AO1866","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop, validate, and apply an instrument aimed at assessing medical students' perceptions of the impact of an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE), both in its peer-based formative and traditional summative modalities, on clinical learning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used a mixed quantitative and qualitative approach. The instrument development was preceded by a literature review. Content validation was conducted by specialists through an OSCE using Pasquali's psychometric criteria (clarity, relevance, and pertinence). A pre-test with students enabled semantic and structural adjustments through triangulation with experts. For reliability, the Content Validity Coefficient and exploratory factor analysis were applied to the responses of fifth- and sixth-year students.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The final instrument included 22 items in three sections. All items had content validity coefficients equal to or greater than 0.80. The expert evaluations yielded coefficients of 0.924 for clarity, 0.925 for pertinence, and 0.945 for relevance. Target audience validation showed similarly high scores. Exploratory factor analysis of 96 medical students confirmed a unidimensional structure for both the formative and summative versions of the OSCE. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin index ranged from 0.91 to 0.93, and the Bartlett's test was significant (p<0.001). Factor loadings ranged from 0.75 to 0.98, explaining 77% of the variance. The internal consistency was excellent (Cronbach's alpha=0.97).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study developed a validated, reliable, and innovative instrument to assess students' perceptions of the OSCE in health education.</p>","PeriodicalId":47359,"journal":{"name":"Einstein-Sao Paulo","volume":"24 ","pages":"eAO1866"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13399294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148406387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between sugar-sweetened beverage and ultra-processed food intake: impact on leptin/adiponectin ratio in adolescents with obesity.","authors":"Ana Claudia Pelissari Kravchychyn, Raquel Munhoz da Silveira Campos Mônico, Bárbara Dal'Molin Netto, Yasmin Alaby Martins Ferreira, Anna Luiza Maia Balbino, Helton de Sá Souza, Lila Missae Oyama, Lian Tock, Ana Raimunda Dâmaso","doi":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2026AO1837","DOIUrl":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2026AO1837","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the relationship between dietary patterns and inflammatory markers in Brazilian adolescents with obesity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional analysis was conducted among 70 post-pubertal adolescents aged 15-19 years of both sexes who were classified as obese according to the World Health Organization criteria. Blood samples were collected to determine leptin and adiponectin levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits, and the leptin/adiponectin ratio was calculated. Anthropometric measurements and body composition were assessed. Food intake was evaluated using a 24-hour dietary recall and categorized according to the NOVA classification into: fresh or minimally processed foods, processed culinary ingredients, processed foods, and ultra-processed foods. Participants were grouped according to sugar-sweetened beverage intake into intakers (n=41) and non-intakers (n=29).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adolescents who consumed sugar-sweetened beverages had higher fat-free mass, body weight, resting metabolic rate, and pro-inflammatory leptin/adiponectin ratio. They also showed greater intake of total grams, energy, proteins, lipids, cholesterol, carbohydrates, fiber, and saturated and polyunsaturated fats from ultra-processed foods. Additional analyses revealed that ultra-processed food intake was associated with increased body weight and higher waist and neck circumferences, which are relevant predictors of pro-inflammatory status.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest that sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and high ultra-processed food intake are associated with unfavorable anthropometric indicators and increased pro-inflammatory biomarkers, reflected by higher leptin/adiponectin ratios in adolescents with obesity.</p><p><strong>Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: </strong>RBR-6txv3v.</p>","PeriodicalId":47359,"journal":{"name":"Einstein-Sao Paulo","volume":"24 ","pages":"eAO1837"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13399427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148406356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Omission of sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer: a survey of Brazilian breast surgeons.","authors":"Erlan Clayton Xavier Cavalcante, Maria Clara Amorim Silva, Alana Maria Caland de Holanda Lustosa, Rafael Everton Assunção Ribeiro da Costa, Walberto Monteiro Neiva Eulálio Filho, Cristiane Amaral Dos Reis, Rodrigo José de Vasconcelos Valença, Elisa Rosa de Carvalho Gonçalves Nunes, Sabas Carlos Vieira","doi":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2026AO1673","DOIUrl":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2026AO1673","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Considering the increasing number of new breast cancer cases and the morbidity associated with axillary lymph node dissection in breast cancer treatment, this study evaluated the factors related to the omission of sentinel lymph node biopsy in early-stage breast cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional, observational, descriptive study was conducted using a digital questionnaire. Breast surgeons and physicians from other specialties currently practicing in Brazil were included. Data were tabulated and analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel®, version 2023. Statistical analyses were performed using JASP 0.19.1 software. Descriptive analysis was performed by calculating the absolute (n) and relative (%) frequencies of qualitative variables. Logistic regression analysis was performed using the stepwise method, and highly correlated variables were removed for the construction of the final model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 274 physicians, 158 (57.7%) reported omitting sentinel lymph node biopsy. Medical residency in surgical oncology, achievement of a specialist degree in mastology (TEMA - Título de Especialista em Mastologia, é a especialidade mencionada), time of practice in the specialty, sphere of professional practice, holding a Master's degree, and holding a doctoral degree were selected for multivariate analysis based on p-values and their greater clinical relevance. In the final logistic regression, statistical significance was observed for sphere of professional practice and holding a doctoral degree.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The factors most strongly associated with omission of sentinel lymph node biopsy were working in the private sector and holding a doctoral degree.</p>","PeriodicalId":47359,"journal":{"name":"Einstein-Sao Paulo","volume":"24 ","pages":"eAO1673"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13399422/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148406463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunoexpression of stem cell markers CD44, CD133, ALDH1-2, and LGR5 in colorectal carcinoma and their association with clinicopathological tumor characteristics.","authors":"Karine Corcione Turke, Cinthia Dos Santos, Carla Pagliari, Giovanna Maria Gimenez Testa, Thérèse Rachell Theodoro, Bianca Bianco, Jaques Waisberg","doi":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2026AO2153","DOIUrl":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2026AO2153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the association of CD44, CD133, ALDH1-2, and LGR5 expression with clinicopathological tumor variables.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-eight adult patients with colorectal carcinoma who underwent curative surgery were included in the study. Paraffin-embedded samples were subjected to immunohistochemical staining with anti-CD44, anti-CD133, anti-ADLH1-2, and anti-LGR5 antibodies, and the results were compared with the patients' clinicopathological variables. P-values <0.05 were considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifteen patients (53.6%) were male. The mean age was 66.8±13.01 (range: 38 to 88) years. The neoplasm was located in the rectum in 17 (60.7%) patients and colon in 11 (39.3%) patients. The mean tumor size was 4.3 (1.0-10.0) cm. The degree of cellular differentiation was moderate in 27 (94.4%) patients. The tumors presented with parietal invasion at the T1 level in two (7.1%) patients, T2 in seven (25%), and T3 in 19 (67.8%). Vascular invasion was present in nine (32.1%) patients and perineural invasion in five (17.8%). Lymph node involvement was observed in 11 patients (39.3%). ALDH1-5 and LGR5 proteins were significantly increased in patients >60 years of age, in the rectum and right colon, and in the presence of lymph node involvement. CD44 protein expression was increased in tumors of the left colon.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Increased tissue levels of ALDH1-2 and LGR5 were related to increased aggressiveness of colorectal carcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":47359,"journal":{"name":"Einstein-Sao Paulo","volume":"24 ","pages":"eAO2153"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13399430/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148406428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and semantic validation of the Spine Oncology Study Group Outcomes Questionnaire 2.0 (SOSGOQ 2.0) into Brazilian Portuguese: a qualitative validation study.","authors":"Guilherme Pianowski Pajanoti, Bruno Braga Roberto, Fernando Padilla-Lichtenberger, Federico Landriel, Santiago Hem, Nelson Astur","doi":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2026AO2116","DOIUrl":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2026AO2116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To translate, culturally adapt, and semantically validate the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Spine Oncology Study Group Outcomes Questionnaire 2.0 (SOSGOQ 2.0) through cognitive interviews with patients with spinal metastases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following the guidelines of Beaton et al., the translation process included forward translation by two independent Brazilian translators, back translation by two native English speakers, expert committee review, and reconciliation. The final version underwent semantic validation through cognitive interviews with five patients with spinal metastases at a Brazilian public cancer center. Following Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines, semi-structured interviews assessed comprehensibility, relevance, and cultural appropriateness. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic content analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All participants (mean age 58±12 years, 60% male) completed the questionnaire successfully. Thematic analysis identified three main themes. High comprehensibility was observed, as all items were clearly understood without ambiguity. Cultural relevance emerged because the questions reflected the Brazilian healthcare context appropriately. Clinical applicability was also evident, as participants recognized the relevance of the symptoms addressed in the questionnaire to their condition. The mean completion time was 12±3 min, and no linguistic modifications were required. Participant feedback demonstrated semantic equivalence and acceptability of the translated instrument.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Brazilian Portuguese SOSGOQ 2.0 demonstrated strong semantic validity and cultural appropriateness in this qualitative validation study. The instrument is ready for large-scale psychometric validation studies in Brazilian oncology settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":47359,"journal":{"name":"Einstein-Sao Paulo","volume":"24 ","pages":"eAO2116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13399417/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148406283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gluten-free is not enough.","authors":"Alexandre Rodrigues Marra","doi":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2026CE2428","DOIUrl":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2026CE2428","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47359,"journal":{"name":"Einstein-Sao Paulo","volume":"24 ","pages":"eCE2428"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13399302/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148370311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diaphragm stimulation in critically ill patients: what do we know, and what do we still need to learn?","authors":"Julia Machado da Costa Pennone, Carolina Pereira Batista, Giulia Alves Salustiano Polloni, Marina Brunelli Ferreira Bueno, Angélica Cristiane da Cruz Britto, Ricardo Kenji Nawa, Caroline Gomes Mól","doi":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2026CE2373","DOIUrl":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2026CE2373","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47359,"journal":{"name":"Einstein-Sao Paulo","volume":"24 ","pages":"eCE2373"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13399286/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148370338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public accountability and health policy: the case of the 60-day Law in ensuring access to breast cancer treatment in São Paulo State.","authors":"Fernanda Borges Keid, Nivaldo Carneiro Junior, Vânia Barbosa do Nascimento","doi":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2026AO2286","DOIUrl":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2026AO2286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This article analyzed the impact of Law No. 12,732/2012 on breast cancer care in São Paulo State (Brazil) between 2013 and 2024, as well as the role of external oversight.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This qualitative-quantitative study used 58,892 records from the São Paulo Oncocenter Foundation database and cases judged by the São Paulo State Court of Accounts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis revealed significant and persistent delays in diagnosis (31.3-66.8%) and treatment initiation (38-72%) across all Regional Health Directorates, although delays fluctuated over time, no consistent trend toward reduced delays was observed between the 2013-2024 period. The São Paulo State Court of Accounts, as an external oversight mechanism, focused on formal analyses rather than results-oriented evaluations, particularly regarding the identified delays.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings led us to conclude that the 60-day Law has had a limited impact in ensuring timely access to breast cancer diagnosis and treatment in the state, as delays have remained high and have not consistently improved over time. It is recommended that external control strategically strengthen this public policy by inducing managerial accountability and ensuring the right to access and comprehensive care.</p>","PeriodicalId":47359,"journal":{"name":"Einstein-Sao Paulo","volume":"24 ","pages":"eAO2286"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13399429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148370263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of inflammatory and reninangiotensin system gene polymorphisms ACE2 rs2285666, IL1A rs1800587, and TNF rs1800629 on COVID-19 severity and the persistence of symptoms in the post-COVID-19 phase: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Matheus Daudt-Lemos, Evelyn Maciel de Oliveira, Alice Ramos-Silva, Natalia Fonseca Rosário, Thays Araújo Gonçalves, Camila de Melo Carvalho Nascimento, Amanda Mendes do Valle, Lialyz Soares Pereira André, Fabio Aguiar-Alves, Jorge Paulo Strogoff de Matos, Jocemir Ronaldo Lugon, Jorge Reis Almeida, Thalia Medeiros, Fabiana Barzotto Kohlrausch, Andrea Alice Silva","doi":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2026AO1503","DOIUrl":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2026AO1503","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We evaluated the influence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in cytokine, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and uromodulin genes on COVID-19 severity and the persistence of symptoms in the post-COVID phase.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two cross-sectional cohort studies were conducted: a retrospective cohort (cohort 1) from early phase of the pandemic and a prospective cohort (cohort 2) including patients with symptoms in the post-COVID phase. Single-nucleotide polymorphism detection was performed using real-time and conventional polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cohort 1 included 112 patients (mean age 57.4±17.5 years, 42% male). ACE rs4646994, ACE2 rs2285666, IL1A rs1800587, and TNF rs1800629 were associated with COVID-19 severity. However, when evaluating more specific outcomes such as intensive care unit admission and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation, associations were observed only for ACE2 and TNF. In women, the ACE2 rs2285666 GG genotype (p=0.003) and G allele (p=0.013) were associated with intensive care unit admission. In addition the A allele of TNF rs1800629 was associated with a higher risk of invasive mechanical ventilation (p<0.001). Cohort 2 included 107 patients (mean age 54.7±15.18 years 27.2% male). The TNF GA genotype was a risk factor for cough (p=0.03) and exertional fatigue (p=0.049). Lastly, IL1A rs1800587 was associated with the risk of persistent respiratory symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results suggest that single-nucleotide polymorphisms in ACE2, IL1A, and TNF may be associated with an increased risk of severe COVID-19 and persistence of symptoms in affected patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":47359,"journal":{"name":"Einstein-Sao Paulo","volume":"24 ","pages":"eAO1503"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13399304/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148370330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}