Einstein-Sao Paulo最新文献

{"title":"Overview of the development, characterization, and function of human types 1, 2, and 3 innate lymphoid cells.","authors":"Laiz Cameirão Bento, Nydia Strachman Bacal, Luciana Cavalheiro Marti","doi":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2024RW1042","DOIUrl":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2024RW1042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hematopoiesis is characterized by the differentiation and maturation of multipotent stem cells into hematopoietic cells. Common lymphoid progenitor cells differentiate into B and T lymphocytes; natural killer cells can also originate from common lymphoid progenitors. In recent years, a cellular subtype of lymphocytes, called innate lymphocytes, has been described. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) play an important effector and regulatory role in innate immunity, and similar to natural killer cells, depend on the γc and Id2 chains for their development. These cells are divided into three main subtypes according to their characteristics, namely type 1 innate lymphocytes (ILC1), type 2 (ILC2), and type 3 (ILC3); the production of cytokines and transcription factors is essential for this classification. Furthermore, these cells have high plasticity, which allows them to change their phenotype in response to the environment. ILCs have recently been characterized further and emerged as a family of effectors and regulators of innate immune responses. Uncontrolled activation of these cells can contribute to inflammatory, autoimmune diseases and cancer. The current review aimed to describe their main characteristics, immunophenotypes, and plasticity, and based on the existing literature, suggested a phenotypic analysis to differentiate innate lymphocytes from natural killer cells, and across the subsets.</p>","PeriodicalId":47359,"journal":{"name":"Einstein-Sao Paulo","volume":"22 ","pages":"eRW1042"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11634355/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142781442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of microRNAs in non-invasive diagnosis of bladder cancer: a systematic review.","authors":"Pedro Ivo de Sousa Neto, Vicktor Bruno Pereira Pinto, Elaine Dos Santos Piancó, Malene Lima Gomes, Sally Cristina Moutinho Monteiro, Flávia Castello Branco Vidal, Maria do Desterro Soares Brandão Nascimento, Jaqueline Diniz Pinho, José de Ribamar Rodrigues Calixto, Marcelo Souza de Andrade","doi":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2024RW0611","DOIUrl":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2024RW0611","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that are abundantly expressed in various biofluids, making them promising candidates for cancer biomarkers. This review aims to present current evidence on the use of miRNA as biomarkers for the non-invasive diagnosis of bladder cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature review, using the Medline database, was performed in July 2022 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. All articles were required to satisfy the risk-of-bias assessment using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Assessment Tools. Data were collected based on miRNA expression, sample type, expression profiles, and accuracy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The initial search retrieved 437 studies, 21 of which were included in the final analysis. Most studies on miRNA expression in human fluids used urine samples for analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a trend to cluster the expressed miRNAs to build diagnostic panels or use them in association with other diagnostic methods to achieve reasonable accuracy.Prospero database registration: (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/) under ID CRD42022351686.</p>","PeriodicalId":47359,"journal":{"name":"Einstein-Sao Paulo","volume":"22 ","pages":"eRW0611"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11634350/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142781446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of facial lipodystrophy induced by a biologic agent (IPD-1): a literature review.","authors":"Henri Friedhofer, Cristina Pires Camargo, Leandro Hirokazu Oshiro, Daniel de Almeida Rocha Valente, Rolf Gemperli","doi":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2024RC1111","DOIUrl":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2024RC1111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Agents that inhibit programmed cell death (IPD-1) in T lymphocytes are indicated for patients with advanced cancer. However, some individuals may develop endocrinological conditions, such as diabetes, thyroid dysfunction, and lipodystrophy, after treatment. This systematic review and case report of IPD-1 lipodystrophies describes a patient who received nivolumab treatment for advanced clear cell renal carcinoma and subsequently developed diabetes as well as facial and body lipodystrophy. The patient complained of social distress due to her facial appearance. We treated the facial lipodystrophy with autologous fat grafting, which proved to be effective for more than three years. This study showed the efficacy of IPD-1 lipodystrophy treatment with long-term follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":47359,"journal":{"name":"Einstein-Sao Paulo","volume":"22 ","pages":"eRC1111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11634346/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142781450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robotic cardiac surgery for removal of iliac venous stent embolized in the right cardiac chambers: a case report.","authors":"Robinson Poffo, Andressa Cristina Sposato Louzada, Sergio Augusto Fudaba Curcio, Marcelo Passos Teivelis, Nelson Wolosker","doi":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2024RC0943","DOIUrl":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2024RC0943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 42-year-old female patient with a surgical history of iliac venous angioplasty with stenting developed dyspnea on exertion 9 months later. Chest computed tomography angiography revealed a fractured vascular stent in the right cardiac chamber. Doppler echocardiography confirmed that the stent was anchored by the tricuspid valve, causing mild obstruction of the right ventricular filling. The patient underwent robot-assisted cardiac surgery with stent removal, annuloplasty under general anesthesia, and cardiopulmonary bypass via an axillary incision. No sternotomy, cardioplegia, or aortic clamping was required. The right atrium was opened, and no surgical or anesthetic complications occurred. The patient was extubated in the operating room, with no requirement for vasoactive drugs after surgery. She was discharged on the fifth postoperative day in a good general condition, eupneic, and without lower-limb venous symptoms. Re-do iliac venous angioplasty was not necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":47359,"journal":{"name":"Einstein-Sao Paulo","volume":"22 ","pages":"eRC0943"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11634331/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142781444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dural arteriovenous fistula associated with medullary ependymoma: an unusual association.","authors":"Benedito Jamilson Araújo Pereira","doi":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2024AI0998","DOIUrl":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2024AI0998","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47359,"journal":{"name":"Einstein-Sao Paulo","volume":"22 ","pages":"eAI0998"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11634328/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142741032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Irreversible electroporation for prostate cancer: another promising focal therapy.","authors":"Bruno Pagnin Schmid, Guilherme Cayres Mariotti, Guilherme Marcelino de Miranda, Rodrigo Gobbo Garcia, Oskar Kaufmann","doi":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2024RC0779","DOIUrl":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2024RC0779","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radical treatment for prostate cancer is associated with significant morbidity. Percutaneous image-guided irreversible electroporation is a non-thermal ablative technique that has emerged as a valuable option. This study describes the case of a patient with prostate cancer who was successfully treated using irreversible electroporation. We report the case of a 72-year-old male patient who presented with elevated PSA (4.0ng/mL) during routine testing. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate revealed a 0.8 cm lesion in the posterolateral aspect of the right midgland with marked hypointensity on ADC (ACR PI-RADS 4). The transperineal prostate revealed acinar adenocarcinoma (Gleason Score 3+3=6; International Society of Urological Pathology=1). Serum PSA levels reduced to 1.04ng/mL 32 days after the procedure and remained within normal limits (1.26ng/mL) after 349 days. Follow-up imaging performed 90 days later with prostate-specific membrane antigen PET/MRI showed size reduction, retraction, and diffuse hypointensity in the peripheral zone of the right prostate lobe, with no increase in prostate-specific membrane antigen uptake. Magnetic resonance imaging found no suspicious lesions 367 days after irreversible electroporation. At the final clinical follow-up at 390 days, the patient was asymptomatic. Our findings illustrate the potential of irreversible electroporation as a possible alternative treatment for prostate cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":47359,"journal":{"name":"Einstein-Sao Paulo","volume":"22 ","pages":"eRC0779"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11634337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142741038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of an MCM8 gene variant in women with premature ovarian insufficiency.","authors":"Beatriz Xavier de Camargo Rabello, Laura Alves da Rocha, Caio Parente Barbosa, Bianca Bianco, Denise Maria Christofolini","doi":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2024AO0712","DOIUrl":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2024AO0712","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The MCM8 gene is involved in the homologous recombination and repair of double-stranded DNA breaks. It maintains the meiotic process continuously. If the MCM8-9 helicase does not function, the accumulation of DNA breaks can result in cell death. Studies have reported MCM8 gene suppression with primary ovarian insufficiency. In the present study, a variant of the MCM8 gene was investigated in women with primary ovarian insufficiency to elucidate the role of MCM8 in this pathology.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the frequency of the NG_042869.1:g.40270G>A variant of the MCM8 gene in the study population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The MCM8 gene variant was analyzed via real-time polymerase chain reaction using a hydrolysis probe in DNA samples from women diagnosed with primary ovarian insufficiency, with a normal karyotype and without FMR1 gene permutation, and from a Control Group, who had menopause after 50 years of age. Frequencies were compared using Fisher's exact test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 100 samples from the Case Group and 100 samples from the Control Group were selected. The variant was detected in heterozygosity in a Case Group sample but was not identified in the Control Group.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This variant was first described in a consanguineous Arab family. This variant is classified as pathogenic and has a prevalence of 1% in women with primary ovarian insufficiency. This study is a pioneering investigation of this variant in Brazilian women.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that the rs138761187 variant of the MCM8 gene is rare in Brazilian women.</p>","PeriodicalId":47359,"journal":{"name":"Einstein-Sao Paulo","volume":"22 ","pages":"eAO0712"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11634354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142741036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Face mask use and viral load in patients with mild symptoms of COVID-19.","authors":"Murilo Soares Costa, Claudia Regina Lindgren Alves, Flávio Guimarães da Fonseca, Hugo Itaru Sato, Raissa Prado Rocha, Alex Fiorini de Carvalho, Karine Lima Lourenço, Nathalia Sernizon Guimarães, Elaine Leandro Machado, Santuza Maria Ribeiro Teixeira, Unaí Tupinambás, Ricardo Hiroshi Caldeira Takahashi","doi":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2024AO0495","DOIUrl":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2024AO0495","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Previous studies indicated that face masks reduce the probability of infection by SARS-CoV-2 but did not examine the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 viral load and mask usage. This study analyzed this relationship.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study evaluated patients admitted to a public Emergency Care Unit in Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, between October 2020 and March 2021. Convenience samples were recruited during the study period. Adult patients with COVID-19 symptoms were invited to participate after being examined by a physician according to the Emergency Care Unit routine. This study included 441 adults with mild symptoms diagnosed with COVID-19 via RT-PCR, who were tested until the 14th day after symptom onset. Participants were interviewed about mask usage, oropharyngeal swabs were collected, and the SARS-CoV-2 viral load was measured using RT-PCR. The difference between the SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the groups of individuals who regularly used and did not use masks was subjected to a hypothesis test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the patients who had swabs collected 1-5 days after symptom onset, 64.9% of those not using masks regularly and 45.5% of those using masks regularly presented a high SARS-CoV-2 viral load. This difference was statistically significant (p=0.0073). Considering only the patients who had swabs collected 4-8 days after symptom onset, 44.1% of those not using masks regularly and 30.8% of those using masks regularly presented a high SARS-CoV-2 viral load; this difference was statistically significant (p=0.0364).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>When people who regularly wear a face mask contract COVID-19, they have a significantly lower probability of having a high viral load of SARS-CoV-2 compared to those who do not regularly wear masks.</p>","PeriodicalId":47359,"journal":{"name":"Einstein-Sao Paulo","volume":"22 ","pages":"eAO0495"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11634373/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142741034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal trends of the use of dexamethasone for the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very low-birth-weight preterm infants: a single-center evaluation.","authors":"Mei Li Ng Teixeira, Sérgio Tadeu Martins Marba, Jamil Pedro de Siqueira Caldas","doi":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2024AO0849","DOIUrl":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2024AO0849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate temporal trends in the use of dexamethasone for the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very-low-birth-weight preterm infants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cohort study was conducted using an electronic database and medical records of all very low-birth-weight preterm infants admitted to a university tertiary neonatal unit between 2006 to 2022. The main outcome was the use of systemic dexamethasone to treat bronchopulmonary dysplasia, regardless of the dose or duration of treatment. Annual rates were evaluated using the Cochran-Armitage test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,691 very-low-birthweight preterm infants were admitted during the study period, with a median birth weight of 1100 g (interquartile range [IQR] 850-1300g) and a median gestational age of 29 weeks (IQR= 27-31g). Infants exposed to dexamethasone were smaller (birth weight: 765 versus 1134g, p<0.001) and more immature (gestational age: 28 versus 31 weeks, p<0.001). The overall rate of dexamethasone use was 9.6% (annual variation 6.7% to 13.9%) and remained stable over the study period (p=0.287), including in infants aged <32 weeks (12.0%; p=0.203) and <28 weeks (24.6%; p=0.851). Mechanical ventilation and mortality rates remained stable at 58.8% (p=0.435) and 14.5% (p=0.078), respectively. However, the birth rate at <28 weeks of gestation increased (28.8%, annual variation of 16.0% to 43.8%, p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Approximately one in 10 preterm very low-birth-weight infants and one in four of those <28 weeks received dexamethasone, with a trend towards stable use over time, despite a significant trend towards an increase in extreme preterm newborn infants.</p>","PeriodicalId":47359,"journal":{"name":"Einstein-Sao Paulo","volume":"22 ","pages":"eAO0849"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11634371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142741040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robotic thoracic surgery in Brazil.","authors":"Ricardo Mingarini Terra","doi":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2024EDS1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31744/einstein_journal/2024EDS1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47359,"journal":{"name":"Einstein-Sao Paulo","volume":"22 suppl 1","pages":"eEDS1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}