Tehnik transporta: obrazovanie i praktika最新文献

{"title":"The possibilities of individualization of the educational trajectory for persons with secondary vocational education while continuing their studies at the university","authors":"D. A. Dinets, N. S. Mikhailova","doi":"10.46684/2687-1033.2023.3.266-272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46684/2687-1033.2023.3.266-272","url":null,"abstract":"The reform of the modern education system involves a paradigm shift in education, where the focus is on the development of personal creative abilities. Special attention is given to the search for individual self-determination of students, creating conditions for their full development and self-realization, and organizing the learning process according to their needs and abilities. In this context, educational organizations need to change the organization of the educational process and implement innovative personal-oriented technologies and tools for managing the educational process. The goal of this article is to examine approaches to managing the personalization of the educational process through the development and implementation of individual educational trajectories. The authors are present arguments in favor of the necessity of personalization in the educational process, as well as its essence and characteristics. Personalization is considered as a way of designing an educational environment that meets the interests, values, motivations, and needs of each learner and is based on their personal resources and individual characteristic, as well as ensuring the optimal choice of forms and methods of learning. The article is discussing methods of individualizing the educational trajectory of a graduate of vocational education, identifi es and describes a set of organizational and substantive measures aimed at managing the personalization of the educational process through the creation of individual educational trajectories in mixed groups. From the information presented, it can be concluded that the management of the personalization of the educational process is a sequential process, which results in a change in the personality of the student. The personalization is contributing to the eff ectiveness of educational activities and requires special complex and systematic actions on the part of the educational organization and all participants in educational relations.","PeriodicalId":472934,"journal":{"name":"Tehnik transporta: obrazovanie i praktika","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136193464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Actual problems of teaching mathematics in educational institutions of secondary vocational education","authors":"O. A. Sukhorukikh","doi":"10.46684/2687-1033.2023.3.259-264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46684/2687-1033.2023.3.259-264","url":null,"abstract":"Topical issues of teaching mathematics in institutions of secondary vocational education are considered. Some problems and methods for their solution are analyzed. Diff erent levels of students’ mathematical knowledge base presuppose the use of learning diff erentiation. A diff erentiated approach is necessary not only to improve the performance of weak students, but also to develop the abilities of strong ones. A connection between learning and practice is required, since a motivated interest and desire to achieve any success arises in students when they see the possibility of practical application of the material being studied. One of the principles of developmental education is the development of independent thinking of the student, the ability for self-education and self-development. In addition to professional skills and competencies, it is important for a modern specialist to have such qualities as a responsible attitude to his actions, the ability to act consciously in any conditions, and make unconventional decisions. A differentiated approach, teaching the practical application of mathematical knowledge in solving applied problems, independent work of students, distance learning is just some of the forms used in the educational process. Any methods and approaches in teaching mathematics must have a specifi c goal, a system of actions, means and techniques.","PeriodicalId":472934,"journal":{"name":"Tehnik transporta: obrazovanie i praktika","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136193357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the influence of the locus of control, self-esteem and self-esteem on the behavior of students","authors":"S. A. Novikov, M. S. Novikova","doi":"10.46684/2687-1033.2023.3.308-315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46684/2687-1033.2023.3.308-315","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of our study is to study the infl uence of locus control on the behavior of students of railway technical schools and to study the possible intermediary role of self-esteem and self-esteem of students. A total of 220 fi rst-year students and 210 fourth-year students completed the USC personality questionnaire, the Rosenberg Self-esteem Self-esteem scale, and the Coping Behavior in Stressful Situations questionnaire. The analysis showed that the external locus of control, reduced self-esteem and self-esteem suggests a violent emotional reaction to situations. At the same time, students with an internal locus of control and adequate sel f-esteem have a behavior strategy aimed at rational problem solving without being distracted by emotions. These results show that it is necessary to pay closer attention to the formation of the internal locus of control among students of railway technical schools, as this is directly related to their future professional activities.","PeriodicalId":472934,"journal":{"name":"Tehnik transporta: obrazovanie i praktika","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136193358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The image of a digital transport university on the example of the Irkutsk State Transport University","authors":"Yu. A. Trofimov, D. I. Sachkov","doi":"10.46684/2687-1033.2023.3.246-252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46684/2687-1033.2023.3.246-252","url":null,"abstract":"In the article the issue of transforming the transport education in the Russian Federation is discussed, substantiating the necessity to introduce educational tracks to form a young specialist since the set of his professional skills should forestall the level of the current manufacturing technologies used. The strategic documents of the transport industry have been analyzed with requests identifi ed presenting specifi cs of their own for operation under digital economy and at a digital railroad. The promising directions in the fi eld of digital economy are considered. The digital twins technology to be used in the process of monitoring buildings and structures as well as in modeling and optimizing business and technological processes has been identifi ed and analyzed. At the moment, most universities have come to the conclusion that the most effi cient model of education is a mixed model of off - and online student training formats according to engineering team technology using a virtual project environment. The transformation of educational policy within engineering teams does not seem possible without using “nuclear programs” with diff erent levels of complexity and new principles of working with talented students as well as diff erent training periods for students and a pool of potential customers for targeted training.","PeriodicalId":472934,"journal":{"name":"Tehnik transporta: obrazovanie i praktika","volume":"175 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136193469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Fan” model of training of mid-level specialists: multiskilling, professionalism and quality","authors":"E. V. Panyushkina, E. I. Shekhtman, O. V. Bykova","doi":"10.46684/2687-1033.2023.3.281-294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46684/2687-1033.2023.3.281-294","url":null,"abstract":"The interests of participants in educational relations increasingly coincide in matters of training in educational programs of secondary vocational education, not only in terms of being in demand on the labor market, but also in terms of a set of competencies that provide graduates with high competitiveness. The article considers the algorithm for the formation of a set of diff erent competencies in railway specialties of secondary vocational education, depending on the needs of the main employer — “Russian Railways”. The importance of using fl exible, “seamless” technologies in the development of methods of educational activities that allow, in the conditions of digital transformation, to take into account the individual needs of students as much as possible is substantiated. A “fan” model for training mid-level specialists is proposed, which makes it possible to model educational activities using the functions of a constructor. The practice of applying the “fan” model on the example of St. Petersburg College of Railway Transport — structural unit Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS), has confi rmed its eff ectiveness, providing multiskilling, professionalism and quality of graduate training.","PeriodicalId":472934,"journal":{"name":"Tehnik transporta: obrazovanie i praktika","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136193473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organization of competitions and olympiads among students and teachers of secondary vocational education","authors":"E. V. Kozhukhanova, N. V. Pshenisnov","doi":"10.46684/2687-1033.2023.3.295-302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46684/2687-1033.2023.3.295-302","url":null,"abstract":"A signifi cant place in the national project “Education” is occupied by the federal project “Social elevators for everyone”, aimed at creating opportunities for professional and career growth for citizens through the formation and development of a system of professional competitions. Olympiads and competitions organized by the founder play an important role in developing the creative potential of students and teaching staff of educational organizations subordinate to the Federal Agency for Railway Transport. The Samara State University of Railway Transport has formed a mechanism and traditions of holding Olympiads and competitions, which allows motivating all participants of these events, stimulates the systematization and improvement of pedagogical and methodological support of the educational process, contributing to the professional and personal growth of students and teachers. Particularly important in the work of this mechanism is the participation of employees of higher educational institutions and the most authoritative representatives of branches implementing educational programs of secondary vocational education in the composition of the competition commissions, which makes it possible to make the process of evaluating competitive works as open and objective as possible. The mobility and effi ciency of the work of the commission members at all stages allows us to ensure the on-line mode of its work. There can be no losers in the self-realization of both students and teachers — participants in competitions. Therefore, during the regional stages of competitions, almost all participants are awarded with diplomas of winners of the regional stage and letters of thanks from the rector.","PeriodicalId":472934,"journal":{"name":"Tehnik transporta: obrazovanie i praktika","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136193467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the target structure of transport mobility of the population on the example of Irkutsk","authors":"A. B. Butuzova, V. I. Dolgikh","doi":"10.46684/2687-1033.2023.3.322-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46684/2687-1033.2023.3.322-33","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of a questionnaire survey of the population on the example of the city of Irkutsk. The article is devoted to the study of the target structure of movement. Movements are carried out in a specifi c sequence, taking into account the purposes of movement, daily time, and the location of the purposes for visiting. The general and transport mobility of the population of a particular city should be determined on the basis of special survey (questionnaire) surveys. Surveys are conducted to obtain data on the magnitude, direction and nature of the movements and trips of the population in the urban space, which serve to analyze the current state, establish patterns and use them to predict the load and form transport systems. Within the framework of the study, in order to study the target structure of the transport mobility of the population, a questionnaire survey was conducted among residents of the city of Irkutsk, as well as the nearby cities of Shelekhov and Angarsk. The questionnaire is presented in two forms: a printed, more concise version of the questionnaire, and an online questionnaire. Processing of printed versions of the questionnaires was carried out by entering data into a special electronic form, followed by conversion into MS Excel tabular format. When analyzing the relationship between the target structure and the number of movements, it follows that with an increase in the number of movements, the diversity of goals increases. This conclusion can be substantiated by the fact that people have a large number of goals and in the presence of free time, each of them tries to realize them, thereby visiting diff erent places. With any number of movements, trips to work and home are more valuable, and for cultural and domestic purposes, “shopping” and “rest” are the most common. In this study, a hypothesis was put forward: do goals diff er with diff erent numbers of movements. As a result of comparing dependent samples — the target structure and the number of movements, we can conclude that with 3 and 4 movements there are no statistically signifi cant diff erences in the target structure.","PeriodicalId":472934,"journal":{"name":"Tehnik transporta: obrazovanie i praktika","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136193470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unified educational space of the university for the formation of staffing for the industry","authors":"A. K. Plyaskin, Yu. V. Agranat","doi":"10.46684/2687-1033.2023.3.277-278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46684/2687-1033.2023.3.277-278","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>.</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":472934,"journal":{"name":"Tehnik transporta: obrazovanie i praktika","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136193472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network and information technologies implemented in vocational selection and personnel training in RZD JSC","authors":"A. N. Chesnov, A. E. Smirnov, E. E. Ivanikhina, A. V. Sugorovsky","doi":"10.46684/2687-1033.2023.3.332-340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46684/2687-1033.2023.3.332-340","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study is to study the process of professional selection of candidates and the subsequent development of professional competencies. To determine the infl uence of skills and abilities on management decisions. The process of selection and training of personnel of the leading transport company of Russia — JSC “Russian Railways” is considered. The main stages of professional selection and its goals are described, as well as specifi c examples of methods and tools used in the process are given. Special attention is paid to the training and development of personnel, including the description of professional development and professional growth programs that allow employees to develop their skills and competencies. The infl uence of the level of profi ciency in skills and knowledge on operational decision-making is considered. In general, the article allows you to get acquainted with the specifi cs of the process of professional selection and training in the company, and also gives an idea of how JSC “Russian Railways” provides high-quality training of its employees for successful work in the railway industry. The specifi cs of working in the railway industry are discussed, including the requirements for the qualifi cations and professional skills of employees. In conclusion, the importance of professional selection and training for the development of the company’s human resources and improving the quality of services provided is emphasized.","PeriodicalId":472934,"journal":{"name":"Tehnik transporta: obrazovanie i praktika","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136193465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pollution of the hydrosphere with petroleum products at railway transport facilities","authors":"A. N. Belevtseva","doi":"10.46684/2687-1033.2023.3.346-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46684/2687-1033.2023.3.346-35","url":null,"abstract":"On railway transport, a large amount of water is used for production needs, respectively, domestic wastewater contaminated with petroleum products is formed. For water purifi cation in modern conditions, oil traps or oil traps are used. They are designed for cleaning ground, thawed, rainwater, water from washing rolling stock, washing components and parts before repair in electroplating workshops or sites, when washing and refueling batteries, fi lter regeneration, when purging and washing steam boilers, washing inspection ditches and washing overalls. As a result of man-made disasters on railway transport, there may be pollution of water bodies, as a result of which there is a violation of the integrity of ecological systems and the death of living organisms. To eliminate the consequences of pollution of water bodies, JSC “Russian Railways” uses mechanical, chemical and biological methods of water purifi cation. Additionally, it is advisable to use modern types of sorbents. The choice of a method for cleaning reservoirs depends on many factors, the most important of which are the volume and scale of pollution. A number of bacterial preparations have been created in Russia that are successfully used to clean water bodies and shorelines from oil pollution. Voronezh State University, with the cooperation of VEGA-eco LLC, is developing a biological product of the genus Acinetobacter (B-2838, B-5064 and B-3780), which is capable of refi ning oil. The drug “Devoroil” is used to clean oil-contaminated sites at railway enterprises. It includes an association of cells of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms and additives that activate the process of biodegradation of oil. The working time of the drug “Devoroil” is 2-3 months. Today, there are 25 known species of bacteria and fungi that decompose hydrocarbons. These organisms work in a complex and participate in the biochemical carbon cycle in nature, being powerful tools in the fi eld of environmental microbiology. As a result of the development of scientifi c and technological progress, it becomes possible to create new technologies in the fi ght against man–made disasters.","PeriodicalId":472934,"journal":{"name":"Tehnik transporta: obrazovanie i praktika","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136193475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}